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Huang W, Cheng F, Zuo S, Ji Y, Yang G, He J, Ashfaq S, Hu Y, Hu X. The Effects of Combined Treatments of Laser Engraving, Plasma Spraying and Resin Pre-Coating on Improving the Bonding Strength of Titanium Alloy and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 39065358 PMCID: PMC11281288 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focused on effective methods of laser engraving treatment (LET), plasma spraying, and resin pre-coating (RPC) to manufacture the reinforced adhesive joints of titanium alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (TA-CFRP) composites. The combined treatments contributed to the creation of a better adhesive bonding condition and offer a vertical gap between circular protrusions to form epoxy pins and carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy pins. The bonding strength of the TA-CFRP composite was reinforced by 130.6% via treatments with a twice-engraving unit of 0.8 mm, plasma spraying, and RPC. The original debonding failure on the TA surface was changed into the cohesive failure of the epoxy adhesive and delamination-dominated failure of the CFRP panel. Overall, laser engraving has been confirmed as an effective and controllable treatment method to reinforce the bonding strength of the TA-CFRP joint combined with plasma spraying and RPC. It may be considered as an alternative in industry for manufacturing high-performance metal-CFRP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Fei Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
- Sichuan Sizhong Basalt Fiber Technology Research Co., Ltd., Basalt Fiber and Composite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Dazhou 635756, China
| | - Shihao Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
- Sichuan Sizhong Basalt Fiber Technology Research Co., Ltd., Basalt Fiber and Composite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Dazhou 635756, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Guangming Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
- Sichuan Sizhong Basalt Fiber Technology Research Co., Ltd., Basalt Fiber and Composite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Dazhou 635756, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Sidra Ashfaq
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (W.H.); (S.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.Y.); (J.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Yunsen Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
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Horak F, Nagl A, Föttinger K, Limbeck A. Application of micro-dried droplets for quantitative analysis of particulate inorganic samples with LA-ICP-MS demonstrated on surface-modified nanoparticle TiO 2 catalyst materials. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:641. [PMID: 33155061 PMCID: PMC7644544 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A quick, flexible and reliable method was developed, based on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), for accurate assessment of nanomaterial composition with sample amounts in the picogram to nanogram range. We demonstrate its capabilities for the analysis of surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticulate (NP) catalyst materials. For sampling, suspensions of NP were deposited on a substrate material, ablated with a pulsed laser and then analysed using quadrupole ICP-MS. The calibration and quantification approach is based on the use of so-called micro-dried droplets (μDD) as the standard material. To overcome some of the major drawbacks of conventional dried droplet approaches, self-aliquoting wells were used in this work. By mimicking the ablation conditions for the sample and standard, it was possible to create a pseudo-matrix-matched calibration, not only for this specific NP composition but also for a larger variety of samples. A commercially available reference material (AUROlite™, Strem Chemicals) was used to compare the method against established methods such as slurry analysis and microwave-assisted digestion in combination with subsequent liquid sample measurement. The results obtained with the proposed procedure (0.74%wt ± 0.13%wt) are in good agreement to a certified value (0.8%wt) and added an additional layer of information. Due to the significantly reduced sampling size in comparison with the investigated liquid measurement approaches, it was possible to obtain information about the homogeneity of the catalyst material. The results indicate that the AUROlite™ reference material has a heterogeneous loading which requires more than 300 pg of material to be used to cancel out. This was not observed for the custom materials discussed in this work. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Horak
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Nagl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Föttinger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Weiss M, Riedl H, Moares V, Mayrhofer PH, Limbeck A. Laser based analysis of transition metal boride thin films using liquid standards. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry: Metal Imaging in Experimental and Clinical Wilson Disease. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene resulting in copper metabolism disturbances. As a consequence, copper accumulates in different organs with most common presentation in liver and brain. Chelating agents that nonspecifically chelate copper, and promote its urinary excretion, or zinc salts interfering with the absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract, are current medications. Also gene therapy, restoring ATP7B gene function or trials with bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate (WTX101) removing excess copper from intracellular hepatic copper stores and increasing biliary copper excretion, is promising in reducing body’s copper content. Therapy efficacy is mostly evaluated by testing for evidence of liver disease and neurological symptoms, hepatic synthetic functions, indices of copper metabolisms, urinary copper excretions, or direct copper measurements. However, several studies conducted in patients or Wilson disease models have shown that not only the absolute concentration of copper, but also its spatial distribution within the diseased tissue is relevant for disease severity and outcome. Here we discuss laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry imaging as a novel method for accurate determination of trace element concentrations with high diagnostic sensitivity, spatial resolution, specificity, and quantification ability in experimental and clinical Wilson disease specimens.
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Kysenius K, Paul B, Hilton JB, Liddell JR, Hare DJ, Crouch PJ. A versatile quantitative microdroplet elemental imaging method optimised for integration in biochemical workflows for low-volume samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:603-616. [PMID: 30218126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of μ-droplets is becoming an attractive alternative for detecting and quantifying elements in biological samples. With minimal sample preparation required and detection limits comparable to solution nebulisation ICP-MS, μ-droplets have substantial advantages over traditional elemental detection, particularly for low volumes, such as aliquots taken from samples required for multiple independent biochemical assays, or fluids and tissues where elements of interest exist at native concentrations not suited to the necessary dilution steps required for solution nebulisation ICP-MS. However, the characteristics of μ-droplet residue deposition are heavily dependent on the matrix, and potential effects on signal suppression or enhancement have not been fully characterised. We present a validated and flexible high-throughput method for quantification of elements in μ-droplets using LA-ICP-MS imaging and matrix-matched external calibrants. Imaging the entire μ-droplet area removes analytical uncertainty arising from the often-heterogenous distribution when compared to radial or bisecting line scans that capture only a small portion of the droplet residue. We examined the effects of common matrices found in a standard biochemistry workflow, including native protein and salt contents, as well as reagents used in typical preparation steps for concurrent biochemical assays, such as total protein quantification and enzyme activity assays. We found that matrix composition results in systemic, concentration-dependent signal enhancement and suppression for carbon, whereas high sodium content has a specific space-charge-like suppression effect on high masses. We confirmed the accuracy of our method using both a certified serum standard (Seronorm™ L1) and independent measurements of analysed samples by solution nebulisation ICP-MS, then tested the specificity and reproducibility by examining spinal cord tissue homogenates from SOD1-G93A transgenic mice with a known molecular phenotype of increased copper- and zinc-binding superoxide dismutase-1 expression and altered copper-to-zinc stoichiometry. The method presented is rapid and transferable to multiple other biological matrices and allows high-throughput analysis of low-volume samples with sensitivity comparable to standard solution nebulisation ICP-MS protocols. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. .,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Bence Paul
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre at The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - James B Hilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Dominic J Hare
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre at The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Pertl P, Seifner MS, Herzig C, Limbeck A, Sistani M, Lugstein A, Barth S. Solution-based low-temperature synthesis of germanium nanorods and nanowires. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1315-1320. [PMID: 30100629 PMCID: PMC6060878 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Ga-assisted formation of Ge nanorods and nanowires in solution has been demonstrated and a catalytic activity of the Ga seeds was observed. The synthesis of anisotropic single-crystalline Ge nanostructures was achieved at temperatures as low as 170 °C. Gallium not only serves as nucleation seed but is also incorporated in the Ge nanowires in higher concentrations than its thermodynamic solubility limit. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Pertl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael S. Seifner
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Herzig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masiar Sistani
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Lugstein
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Barth
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, Austria
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Sajnóg A, Hanć A, Barałkiewicz D. Metrological approach to quantitative analysis of clinical samples by LA-ICP-MS: A critical review of recent studies. Talanta 2018; 182:92-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nischkauer W, Izmer A, Neouze MA, Vanhaecke F, Limbeck A. Combining Dispersed Particle Extraction with Dried-Droplet Laser Ablation ICP-MS for Determining Platinum in Airborne Particulate Matter. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1613-1620. [PMID: 28664786 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817693240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of analyte pre-concentration using dispersed particle extraction (DPE) and dried-droplet laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was developed with the aim to quantify Pt and Pd in urban particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5). The PM2.5 aerosol was collected on cellulose ester filters during a sampling period of three days, with sampling intervals of 4 h only. Each of the filters was chemically digested, and the resulting solution was pre-concentrated using DPE. Droplets taken from the pre-concentrated sample were deposited on polymeric disks and dried. These dry spots were then analyzed by means of LA-ICP-MS. This approach allowed ICP-MS analysis of solutions with high content of dissolved sorbent particles coming from the DPE procedure. Furthermore, spectral interferences arising from sample-inherent matrix elements as well as solvent-related interferences could be removed by the proposed approach. The method was validated by determining the Pt concentration in Bureau Communautaire de Référence certified reference material (BCR CRM) 723 road dust certified reference material and a good agreement with the certified value was obtained. The temporal variation of Pt during the three-day sampling period is discussed, with respect to automotive traffic. The daily average of Pt measured in the air corresponds to typical values observed in urban areas in Central Europe. Although the pre-concentration of palladium is feasible with dispersed particle extraction, the method detection limits achieved here did not allow to quantify this element in the CRM or in the PM2.5 samples. The source for these high method detection limits for palladium are blank values arising from the filter material as well as the digestion procedure of the PM2.5 samples. Instrumental sensitivity of the approach would, however, suggest that palladium quantification is possible, provided the abovementioned blank issues are controlled better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Nischkauer
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrei Izmer
- 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Vanhaecke
- 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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