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Kim YU, Cho WJ. Enhanced BSA Detection Precision: Leveraging High-Performance Dual-Gate Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect-Transistor Scheme and Surface-Treated Sensing Membranes. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:141. [PMID: 38534248 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is commonly incorporated in vaccines to improve stability. However, owing to potential allergic reactions in humans, the World Health Organization (WHO) mandates strict adherence to a BSA limit (≤50 ng/vaccine). BSA detection with conventional techniques is time-consuming and requires specialized equipment. Efficient alternatives such as the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), despite rapid detection, affordability, and portability, do not detect BSA at low concentrations because of inherent sensitivity limitations. This study proposes a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate-based dual-gate (DG) ISFET platform to overcome these limitations. The capacitive coupling DG structure significantly enhances sensitivity without requiring external circuits, owing to its inherent amplification effect. The extended-gate (EG) structure separates the transducer unit for electrical signal processing from the sensing unit for biological detection, preventing chemical damage to the transducer, accommodating a variety of biological analytes, and affording easy replaceability. Vapor-phase surface treatment with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and the incorporation of a SnO2 sensing membrane ensure high BSA detection efficiency and sensitivity (144.19 mV/log [BSA]). This DG-FET-based biosensor possesses a simple structure and detects BSA at low concentrations rapidly. Envisioned as an effective on-site diagnostic tool for various analytes including BSA, this platform addresses prior limitations in biosensing and shows promise for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Ung Kim
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Gwangun-ro 20, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Cho
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Gwangun-ro 20, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang XF, Xue Y, Yong L, Wang TT, Luo P, Qing LS. Chemical derivatization strategies for enhancing the HPLC analytical performance of natural active triterpenoids. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:295-307. [PMID: 38618252 PMCID: PMC11010456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids widely exist in nature, displaying a variety of pharmacological activities. Determining triterpenoids in different matrices, especially in biological samples holds great significance. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the predominant method for triterpenoids analysis due to its exceptional analytical performance. However, due to the structural similarities among botanical samples, achieving effective separation of each triterpenoid proves challenging, necessitating significant improvements in analytical methods. Additionally, triterpenoids are characterized by a lack of ultraviolet (UV) absorption groups and chromophores, along with low ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry. Consequently, routine HPLC analysis suffers from poor sensitivity. Chemical derivatization emerges as an indispensable technique in HPLC analysis to enhance its performance. Considering the structural characteristics of triterpenoids, various derivatization reagents such as acid chlorides, rhodamines, isocyanates, sulfonic esters, and amines have been employed for the derivatization analysis of triterpenoids. This review comprehensively summarized the research progress made in derivatization strategies for HPLC detection of triterpenoids. Moreover, the limitations and challenges encountered in previous studies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed to develop more effective derivatization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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3
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Aptamer labeled nanozyme-based ELISA for ampicillin residue detection in milk. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hassanin I, Elzoghby A. Albumin-based nanoparticles: a promising strategy to overcome cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:930-946. [PMID: 35582218 PMCID: PMC8992568 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circumvention of cancer drug resistance is one of the major investigations in nanomedicine. In this regard, nanotechnology-based drug delivery has offered various implications. However, protein-based nanocarriers have been a versatile choice compared to other nanomaterials, provided by their favorable characteristics and safety profiles. Specifically, albumin-based nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be an effective drug delivery system, owing to the inherent targeting modalities of albumin, through gp60- and SPARC-mediated receptor endocytosis. Furthermore, surface functionalization was exploited for active targeting, due to albumin’s abundance of carboxylic and amino groups. Stimuli-responsive drug release has also been pertained to albumin nano-systems. Therefore, albumin-based nanocarriers could potentially overcome cancer drug resistance through bypassing drug efflux, enhancing drug uptake, and improving tumor accumulation. Moreover, albumin nanocarriers improve the stability of various therapeutic cargos, for instance, nucleic acids, which allows their systemic administration. This review highlights the recent applications of albumin nanoparticles to overcome cancer drug resistance, the nano-fabrication techniques, as well as future perspectives and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Hassanin
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.,Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Hassanin IA, Elzoghby AO. Self-assembled non-covalent protein-drug nanoparticles: an emerging delivery platform for anti-cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1437-1458. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1813713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam A. Hassanin
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Sheng YM, Liang J, Xie J. Indirect Competitive Determination of Tetracycline Residue in Honey Using an Ultrasensitive Gold-Nanoparticle-Linked Aptamer Assay. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092144. [PMID: 32375304 PMCID: PMC7249119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline residue in honey has become an increasingly important food safety problem. In this work, an ultrasensitive gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-linked aptamer assay was developed to determine the tetracycline residue in honey. First, a tetracycline–bovine serum albumin conjugate coating was applied to a microplate. Then, with the incubation of AuNPs-linked aptamer, the fixed tetracycline in the microplate competed for the limited aptamer with the free tetracycline in the sample. Higher amounts of free tetracycline in the sample were associated with more competitive binding of aptamer-AuNPs, and the aptamer-AuNPs binding with tetracycline-BSA was lower. Finally, as a kind of nanozyme, AuNPs exhibited peroxidase activity and oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine, transforming it from colorless to blue, and achieving the measurement at 652 nm. The analytical performance—including linearity, limit of detection, selectivity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy—has been investigated. It was successfully applied to the determination of tetracycline in honey samples with high accuracy and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China;
| | - Jian Liang
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-62308658
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Xie J, Tang MQ, Chen J, Zhu YH, Lei CB, He HW, Xu XH. A sandwich ELISA-like detection of C-reactive protein in blood by citicoline-bovine serum albumin conjugate and aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles nanozyme. Talanta 2020; 217:121070. [PMID: 32498852 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular events in higher-risk populations. We present a sandwich ELISA-like assay for the determination of CRP in blood by citicoline-bovine serum albumin (citicoline-BSA) conjugate and aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (aptamer-AuNPs) nanozyme. The CRP in the blood sample was selectively adsorbed to the ELISA plate coated by citicoline-BSA, and then incubated with added aptamer-AuNPs. AuNPs exhibited peroxidase activity and oxidized 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine from colorless to blue, achieving the measurement at 652 nm. The amplified signal increased linearly in a wide range from 0.1 to 200 ng mL-1 and with a detection limit of 8 pg mL-1. Finally, the method was further tested using rat blood from an isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction experimental model to confirm its applicability. The developed method could directly determine CRP in blood sample after dilution with high accuracy and sensitivity. This method has many advantages, such as easiness to prepare materials, good stability between batches, high specificity, low detection limit, low-cost, easiness to operate with simple instruments, the most remarkable of which is its excellent lot-to-lot stability over the classical ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Ming-Qing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Ya-Han Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Chao-Bo Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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A new strategy for the preparation of antibody against natural glycoside: With astragaloside IV as an example. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104488. [PMID: 32004655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the hapten design of natural glycoside and application for the preparation of antibody is reported in this work. With astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) as an example, C6"-CH2OH on a glucosyl group was selectively oxidized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation to C6"-COOH, which was subsequently condensed with -NH2 on bovine serum albumin to get artificial antigen. Then, the successful preparation of artificial antigen was verified by TCL, SDS-PAGE, UV, and MALDI-TOF-MS. Finally, rabbits were immunized with artificial antigen to obtain an antibody against AGS-IV. After tests of the titer, IC50, and cross-reactivity, the results showed that the antibody prepared by TEMPO oxidation in this work had higher specificity than that the antibody prepared by conventional sodium periodate (NaIO4) oxidation. The hapten, as a carboxylic acid derivative of AGS-IV, has better water solubility than AGS IV, which is more suitable for the synthesis of the hapten-carrier protein conjugate in aqueous phase, achieving another virtue of TEMPO oxidation over NaIO4 oxidation. This new strategy provides new ideas for the design of haptens of other natural glycosides, as well as the preparation of their antibodies.
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9
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Label-Free Colorimetric Detection of Urine Glucose Based on Color Fading Using Smartphone Ambient-Light Sensor. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a label-free colorimetric assay was developed for the determination of urine glucose using smartphone ambient-light sensor (ALS). Using horseradish peroxidase—hydrogen peroxide—3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (HRP-H2O2-TMB) colored system, quantitative H2O2 was added to samples to-be-determined for deepest color. The presence of glucose oxidase in urine led to the formation of H2O2 and the reduction of TMBred. As a result of this, the color of the urine faded and the solution changed from deep blue to light blue. We measured the illuminance of the transmitted light by a smartphone ambient light sensor, and thereby color changes were used to calculate the content of urine glucose. After method validation, this colorimetric assay was practically applied for the determination of urine samples from diabetic patients. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.039–10.000 mg/mL (R2 = 0.998), and a limit of detection was 0.005 mg/mL. Our method was had high accuracy, sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity, and visualization, providing a new sensor to be potentially applicable for point-of-care detection of urine glucose.
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Wang TT, Lio CK, Huang H, Wang RY, Zhou H, Luo P, Qing LS. A feasible image-based colorimetric assay using a smartphone RGB camera for point-of-care monitoring of diabetes. Talanta 2020; 206:120211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Wang QL, Xie J, Liang J, Dong GT, Ding LS, Luo P, Qing LS. Competitive Protein Binding Assay of Naproxen by Human Serum Albumin Functionalized Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142593. [PMID: 31319475 PMCID: PMC6680384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) based on human serum albumin functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2-HSA) that can be used for naproxen determination in urine. Compared with a conventional multi-well reaction plate, nano-SiO2 with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio could be introduced as a stationary phase, markedly improving the analytical performance. Nano-SiO2-HSA and horseradish peroxidase-labeled-naproxen (HRP-naproxen) were prepared for the present CPBA method. In this study, a direct competitive binding to nano-SiO2-HSAwas performed between the free naproxen in the sample and HRP-naproxen. Thus, the catalytic color reactions were investigated on an HRP/3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)/H2O2 system by the HRP-naproxen/nano-SiO2-HSA composite for quantitative measurement via an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. A series of validation experiments indicated that our proposed methods can be applied satisfactorily to the determination of naproxen in urine samples. As a proof of principle, the newly developed nano-CPBA method for the quantification of naproxen in urine can be expected to have the advantages of low costs, fast speed, high accuracy, and relatively simple instrument requirements. Our method could be capable of expanding the analytical applications of nanomaterials and of determining other small-molecule compounds from various biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Geng-Ting Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li-Sheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Sun WX, Zhang ZF, Xie J, He Y, Cheng Y, Ding LS, Luo P, Qing LS. Determination of a astragaloside IV derivative LS-102 in plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in dog plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:243-251. [PMID: 30668404 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalosidic acid (LS-102) is a new water-soluble derivative of astragaloside IV - a major effective component isolated from the Chinese herb Astragali Radix. Our previous study showed that LS-102 exhibited potent cardiovascular activity. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of LS-102 after single-dose, oral administration in beagle dogs by developing and validating an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. METHOD AND RESULT The chromatographic separation was performed on a Acquity HSS C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) by a gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.35 ml/min. The analytes were detected with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Method validation revealed a wide linearity over the range of 2.0-10,000 ng/ml together with satisfactory intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, and recovery. Stability testing showed that LS-102 spiked into dog plasma was stable for 4 h at room temperature, for up to 2 weeks at -80 °C, and during three freeze-thaw cycles. The method was effectively and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of LS-102 after oral administration (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) to beagle dogs. Peak plasma concentrations are attained within approximately 2 h after oral administration with a half-life ranging from 1.55 h to 4.49 h. The plasma concentration-time curve of LS-102 after oral administration presents the phenomenon of a double-peak absorption phase. The peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve of LS-102 seemed to increase with the increasing doses proportionally, that suggesting linear pharmacokinetics in dogs. Meanwhile, the doxorubicin (Dox)-injured H9c2 cell model was prepared by incubating the cells in 1 µM Dox for 24 h. MTT assay and LDH release measurement showed that LS-102 protected against Dox-induced cardiomyocyte death. CONCLUSION The obtained results may help to guide the further pre-clinical research of LS-102 as a potentially novel cardioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xia Sun
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Sheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Xue Y, Xu XS, Yong L, Hu B, Li XD, Zhong SH, Li Y, Xie J, Qing LS. Optimization of Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Eleven Non-Anthocyanin Polyphenols in Commercial Blueberry Using the Multi-Objective Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Function Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E2921. [PMID: 30423914 PMCID: PMC6278316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 11 non-anthocyanin polyphenols, gallic acid, protocatechuate, vanillic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate-were firstly screened and identified from blueberries using an ultra performance liquid chromatography⁻time of flight mass spectrography (UPLC-TOF/MS) method. Then, a sample preparation method was developed based on vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The microextraction conditions, including the amount of ethyl acetate, the amount of acetonitrile and the solution pH, were optimized through the multi-objective response surface methodology and desirability function approach. Finally, an ultra performance liquid chromatography⁻triple quadrupole mass spectrography (UPLC-QqQ/MS) method was developed to determine the 11 non-anthocyanin polyphenols in 25 commercial blueberry samples from Sichuan province and Chongqing city. The results show that this new method with high accuracy, good precision and simple operation characteristics, can be used to determine non-anthocyanin polyphenols in blueberries and is expected to be used in the analysis of other fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian-Shun Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xing-De Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shi-Hong Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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