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Monitoring anthropogenic particles in the environment: Recent developments and remaining challenges at the forefront of analytical methods. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Plavchak CL, Smith WC, Bria CRM, Williams SKR. New Advances and Applications in Field-Flow Fractionation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:257-279. [PMID: 33770457 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-052742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a family of techniques that was created especially for separating and characterizing macromolecules, nanoparticles, and micrometer-sized analytes. It is coming of age as new nanomaterials, polymers, composites, and biohybrids with remarkable properties are introduced and new analytical challenges arise due to synthesis heterogeneities and the motivation to correlate analyte properties with observed performance. Appreciation of the complexity of biological, pharmaceutical, and food systems and the need to monitor multiple components across many size scales have also contributed to FFF's growth. This review highlights recent advances in FFF capabilities, instrumentation, and applications that feature the unique characteristics of different FFF techniques in determining a variety of information, such as averages and distributions in size, composition, shape, architecture, and microstructure and in investigating transformations and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Plavchak
- Laboratory for Advanced Separation Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA;
| | - William C Smith
- Laboratory for Advanced Separation Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA;
| | | | - S Kim Ratanathanawongs Williams
- Laboratory for Advanced Separation Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA;
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Voss L, Hsiao IL, Ebisch M, Vidmar J, Dreiack N, Böhmert L, Stock V, Braeuning A, Loeschner K, Laux P, Thünemann AF, Lampen A, Sieg H. The presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in the food pigment E172. Food Chem 2020; 327:127000. [PMID: 32454284 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxides used as food colorants are listed in the European Union with the number E172. However, there are no specifications concerning the fraction of nanoparticles in these pigments. Here, seven E172 products were thoroughly characterized. Samples of all colors were analyzed with a broad spectrum of methods to assess their physico-chemical properties. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) and in vitro cell viability measurements were used. Nanoparticles were detected in all E172 samples by TEM or SAXS measurements. Quantitative results from both methods were comparable. Five pigments were evaluated by TEM, of which four had a size median below 100 nm, while SAXS showed a size median below 100 nm for six evaluated pigments. Therefore, consumers may be exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles through the consumption of food pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Voss
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - I-Lun Hsiao
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Maximilian Ebisch
- German Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Janja Vidmar
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nadine Dreiack
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linda Böhmert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Valerie Stock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- German Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Sieg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Riley KR, El Hadri H, Tan J, Hackley VA, MacCrehan WA. High separation efficiency of gold nanomaterials of different aspect ratio and size using capillary transient isotachophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:216-222. [PMID: 30948041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two modes of capillary electrophoresis (CE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and capillary transient isotachophoresis (ctITP), were compared for the detection and separation of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs). The development of ctITP using two different leading ions is described. Overall, when compared to traditional capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), ctITP resulted in improved peak shape and peak efficiency. Specifically, the number of theoretical plates for AuNR samples increased by a factor of 2-2.5 depending on the choice of leading ion. Further, using ctITP two AuNRs differing by aspect ratio were baseline resolved, whereas the same AuNRs could not be separated using CZE or other techniques like single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). The results of this study demonstrate that ctITP is an efficient on-line technique for the improved detection and separation of gold nanomaterials in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Riley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Hind El Hadri
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Materials Measurement Science Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jiaojie Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Materials Measurement Science Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Vincent A Hackley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Materials Measurement Science Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - William A MacCrehan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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