1
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Rezayat MR, Jafari MT, Mohammadipour L. A configuration for cooling assisted organic solvent coated thin film microextraction after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method: A microextraction method for ultra-trace analyzing of volatile sample. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33230. [PMID: 39022067 PMCID: PMC11253257 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A combination of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method based on the total vaporization procedure and cooling-assisted organic solvent-coated thin film microextraction (TFME) was applied for extracting chlorpyrifos (as the model compound). Based on the high thermal conductivity, a nickel foam thin film with the dimensions of 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm was used as a substrate for holding the organic solvent. Supporting thin film by organic solvent increases the thickness and contact area of the film relative to TFME or single drop microextraction (SDME) alone, resulting in a dramatic increase in the extraction efficiency. To protect the organic solvent and enhance the analyte distribution coefficient between the film and the vapor phase, a cooling system was applied. The proposed design was effective due to condensing the target analyte only on the uniform cooled thin film and not on the other regions in the extraction chamber. A corona discharge ionization source-ion mobility spectrometer was employed to identify the analyte. After optimizing the effective parameters, the limits of quantification (S/N = 10) and detection (S/N = 3) were calculated 0.1 and 0.03 μg L-1, respectively, and the dynamic range was measured between 0.1 and 7.0 μg L-1, with a determination coefficient of 0.9997. For three concentration levels of 0.1, 3.0, and 7.0 μg L-1, the relative standard deviations (n = 3) as the repeatability index were to be 6 %, 5 %, and 4 % for intra-day and 9 %, 6 %, and 5 % for inter-day, respectively. The enrichment factor was also calculated to be 3630 for the analyte concentration of 1.0 μg L-1. Well water, potato, and agricultural wastewater were analyzed as the real samples and the relative recovery values were measured between 92 % and 99 %. The accuracy of the proposed technique was validated by the European Standards EN 12393 method. In this approach, two steps of analyte extraction (DLLME and TFME) were used consecutively, resulting in better preconcentration and reduced matrix interference during cleaning-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Rezayat
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad T. Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadipour
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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2
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Elmastas A. Quantitative determination of residue amounts of pesticide active ingredients used in grapes by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS devices and evaluation of these pesticides in terms of public health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36925-36937. [PMID: 38760606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantitatively determine pesticide residues in grapes, one of the most produced and consumed fruits in Turkey and in the world. A total of 226 active ingredients were analyzed in 21 samples collected from Southeastern and Eastern Anatolia regions using QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction method and multiple residue analysis technique and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS devices. In 11 out of 21 samples (52.4%), no active ingredient was detected, while at least one active ingredient was detected in 10 samples (47.6%). Thirteen different active substances (Ametoctradin, Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Diphenoconazole, Dimethomorph, Fenhexamid, Fluopyram, Flutriafol, Metalaxyl- Metalaxyl-M, Metrafenone, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin) were detected in the samples. The top 3 most detected active substances were Boscalid-Azoxystrobin and Fluopyram, respectively. The active ingredients were found between 0.015 and 0.499 mg kğ-1 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Elmastas
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Gap International Agricultural Research and Training Center Directorate, 21100, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
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3
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Chen CW, Yang TL, Chen YC. Using Magnetic Micelles Combined with Carbon Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Screening of Trace Triazine Herbicides from Aqueous Samples. Molecules 2023; 29:137. [PMID: 38202720 PMCID: PMC10779876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Triazine herbicides are commonly used in agriculture to eliminate weeds. However, they can persist in the environment. In this study, we explored a new method for detecting triazine herbicides in aqueous samples. We selected two triazine herbicides, namely, prometryn and ametryn, as model herbicides. To generate magnetic probes, we mixed aqueous Gd3+ with aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which created magnetic probes made of Gd3+-SDS micelles. These probes showed a trapping capacity for the model herbicides. Results indicated that the trapping capacities of our magnetic probes for ametryn and prometryn were approximately 466 and 468 nmol mg-1, respectively. The dissociation constants of our probes toward ametryn and prometryn were 2.92 × 10-5 and 1.27 × 10-5, respectively. This is the first report that the developed magnetic probes can be used to trap triazine herbicides. For detection, we used carbon fiber ionization mass spectrometry (CFI-MS), which can be used to directly detect semi-volatiles from the samples in the condensed phase. Because of the semi-volatility of triazine herbicides, the herbicides trapped by the magnetic probes can be directly analyzed by CFI-MS without any elution steps. In addition, we also demonstrated the feasibility of using our approach for detecting triazine herbicides in lake water and drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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4
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Sel S, Er EÖ, Koyuncu İ. Development of an analytical method for the determination of pesticides in tropical fruits by LC-QTOF-MS/MS after QuEChERS extraction sample cleanup and DLLME preconcentration. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:015008. [PMID: 37956440 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad0bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, QuEChERS extraction was combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) to extract pesticides from tropical fruits for determination by a highly accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) system. The QuEChERS method served as a matrix clean-up tool and the DLLME method preconcentrated the analytes for their determination at trace levels. All parameter variables of the DLLME method were optimized to improve the extraction output and lower the limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) for all the analytes. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the LOD and LOQ values were found in the range of 0.004-0.013 and 0.27-0.61μg l-1, respectively. The detection limits achieved by direct LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis were increased by about 10-260 folds using the optimized DLLME method. To assess the accuracy and applicability of the developed method, spike recovery experiments on tropical fruits were carried out. The matrix matching calibration method was used to enhance the quantification accuracy of the analytes in kiwi, pineapple, and mango matrices, with percent recoveries ranging between 89 and 117%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriye Sel
- YıldızTechnical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey
- Yildiz Technical University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul, 34200, Turkey
| | - Elif Öztürk Er
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, 34469, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İkbal Koyuncu
- YıldızTechnical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey
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5
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Gross JH. Application of atmospheric pressure field desorption for the analysis of anionic surfactants in commercial detergents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6421-6430. [PMID: 37644322 PMCID: PMC10567867 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that field desorption (FD) and field ionization (FI) using activated field emitters may be performed at atmospheric pressure, too. While some limitations apply to atmospheric pressure field desorption (APFD) mass spectrometry (MS), the method can deliver both positive and negative even electron ions of highly polar or ionic compounds. Furthermore, APFD even permits the generation of positive molecular ions of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Here, an application of negative-ion APFD for the analysis of anionic surfactants contained in commercial detergent products for body care, household, and technical uses is presented. The samples include liquid soaps and shower gels, dishwashing liquids, and cooling lubricants. Surfactant solutions in methanol/water or pure methanol at 2-10 µl ml-1 were deposited on commercial 13-µm activated tungsten emitters. The emitters were positioned in front of the atmospheric pressure interface of a Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer by means of a slightly modified nano-electrospray ionization (nanoESI) source. The entrance electrode of the interface was set to positive high voltage with respect to the emitter at ground potential. Under these conditions, negative-ion desorption was achieved. The surfactant anions, organic sulfates and organic sulfonates, were characterized by accurate mass-based formula assignments, and in part, by tandem mass spectrometry. The negative-ion APFD spectra were compared to results by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) either obtained using the FT-ICR mass spectrometer or by using a trapped ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight (TIMS-Q-TOF) instrument when product ions of low m/z needed to be detected in tandem MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen H Gross
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Wang S, Yang C, Zhao J, Li C, Fan X. Rapid and Direct Assessment of Asphalt Volatile Organic Compound Emission Based on Carbon Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12968-12979. [PMID: 37065020 PMCID: PMC10099131 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complicacy of asphalt fumes, the analytical methods for investigating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are very limited. In this study, a direct and real-time analysis method based on carbon fiber ionization mass spectrometry (CFI-MS), an ambient mass spectrometric technique, was established and successfully applied in the analysis of asphalt VOCs. The asphalt VOCs can be directly detected in the open atmosphere without the collection step of asphalt fumes, and the mass spectra of one asphalt sample can be obtained in a few seconds in both positive and negative ion modes. By investigating the mass spectral changes of asphalt fumes at different heating temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C, the temperature factor of asphalt fume emission was demonstrated in this work. The research results demonstrate that the complexity of asphalt fumes is positively related to the applied temperature. Moreover, the VOCs of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions were also analyzed by the direct analysis method. The result shows that aromatics contribute most to the emission of VOCs. In addition, the obtained mass spectra combined with the principal component analysis method show the great potential to quickly screen VOC inhibitors of asphalt materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- College
of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Shaanxi
Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Junteng Zhao
- College
of Future Transportation, Chang’an
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Chenyao Li
- College
of Future Transportation, Chang’an
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- College
of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
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7
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Gross JH. Desorption of positive and negative ions from activated field emitters at atmospheric pressure. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:21-32. [PMID: 36254584 PMCID: PMC9903004 DOI: 10.1177/14690667221133388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field desorption (FD) traditionally is an ionization technique in mass spectrometry (MS) that is performed in high vacuum. So far only two studies have explored FD at atmospheric pressure or even superatmospheric pressure, respectively. This work pursues ion desorption from 13-µm activated tungsten emitters at atmospheric pressure. The emitters are positioned in front of the atmospheric pressure interface of a Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer and the entrance electrode of the interface is set to 3-5 kV with respect to the emitter. Under these conditions positive, and for the first time, negative ion desorption is achieved. In either polarity, atmospheric pressure field desorption (APFD) is robust and spectra are reproducible. Both singly charged positive and negative ions formed by these processes are characterized by accurate mass-based formula assignments and in part by tandem mass spectrometry. The compounds analyzed include the ionic liquids trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the acidic compounds perfluorononanoic acid and polyethylene glycol diacid, as well as two amino-terminated polypropylene glycols. Some surface mobility on the emitter is prerequisite for ion desorption to occur. While ionic liquids inherently provide this mobility, the desorption of ions from solid analytes requires the assistance of a liquid matrix, e.g. glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen H Gross
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Elmastas A, Umaz A, Pirinc V, Aydin F. Quantitative determination and removal of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and fruit products by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:277. [PMID: 36609771 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the potent agrochemicals used to successfully manage, repel, or stop pests and weeds in agricultural production. This study analyzed 222 pesticide active substances in 90 samples of seven different vegetables and fruits acquired from producers through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) technology. The validation parameters of each pesticide's active substances were determined. The LOD, LOQ values, and recovery studies of the 222 active substances were 3.00, 10.00 ng/g, and between 76.07 and 108.08%, respectively. The correlation coefficients and measurement uncertainty were determined to be between 0.990-0.999 and 8.91-31.46%, respectively. There were active substances of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, malathion, dieldrin, boscalid, triticonazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin, pirimicarb, and dodine among the vegetable and fruit samples used in the study. There were no active substances in 55 (61%) samples. Among the 35 samples (39%), 31 samples (34%) contained only one active substance, whereas four (5%) contained two active substances. However, the amount of active substances in six (7%) samples was above the maximum residue levels (MRL) limits. Various processes used in the study revealed that peeling was the most effective pesticide residue removal strategy. The washing procedure also proved that it reduced some pesticide residues but failed to eliminate all pesticides. The peeling process successfully reduced a significant amount of the active substances from the products, however, residues remained. Washing the fruits with hot water was also effective in removing residues. As a result, analyses of the peeled sections yielded higher pesticide residue concentrations than those of the entire product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Elmastas
- Diyarbakir Food Control Laboratory, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Diyarbakır, 21100, Turkey
| | - Adil Umaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, 47200, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Pirinc
- Department of Horizontal Plants, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Turkey
| | - Firat Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 21280, Turkey
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9
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Zhang H, Zhao C, Zheng H, Chen X, Chen B, Wu Z. Design, Synthesis and Bioassay of 2-Phenylglycine Derivatives as Potential Pesticide Candidates. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200957. [PMID: 36515624 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases can seriously affect the growth of food crops and economic crops. To date, pesticides are still among the most effective methods to prevent and control plant diseases worldwide. Consequently, to develop potential pesticide molecules, a series of novel 2-phenylglycine derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thioethers were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results revealed that G19 exhibited great in vitro antifungal activity against Thanatephorus cucumeris with an EC50 value of 32.4 μg/mL, and in vivo antifungal activity against T. cucumeris on rice leaves at a concentration of 200.0 μg/mL (66.9 %) which was close that of azoxystrobin (73.2 %). Compounds G24 (80.2 %), G25 (89.4 %), and G27 (83.3 %) exhibited impressive in vivo inactivation activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at a concentration of 500.0 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of ningnanmycin (96.3 %) and markedly higher than that of ribavirin (55.6 %). The antibacterial activity of G16 (63.1 %), G26 (89.9 %), G27 (78.0 %), and G28 (68.0 %) against Xoo at a concentration of 50.0 μg/mL was higher than that of thiadiazole copper (18.0 %) and bismerthiazol (38.9 %). Preliminary mechanism studies on the antifungal activity against T. cucumeris demonstrated that G19 can affect the growth of mycelia by disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane and altering the permeability of the cell. These studies revealed that the amino acid derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety exhibited certain antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-TMV activities, and these derivatives can be further modified and developed as potential pesticide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Cailong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Huanlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Biao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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10
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Using Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Reactive Carbon Fiber Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Aflatoxin B1 from Complex Samples. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin present in agricultural and food products. Therefore, rapid screening methods must be developed for AFB1 detection with high sensitivity and good selectivity. In this study, we developed an analytical method based on the combination of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with carbon fiber ionization (CFI)-mass spectrometry (MS) to detect the presence of trace AFB1 from complex samples. A pencil lead (type 2B, length: ~2.5 cm) with a sharp end (diameter: ~150 μm) was used as the SPME fiber and the ionization emitter in CFI-MS analysis. Owing to the graphite structure of the pencil lead, AFB1 can be trapped on the pencil lead through π–π interactions. After adsorbing AFB1, the pencil lead was directly introduced in a pipette tip (length: ~0.7 cm; tip inner diameter: ~0.6 mm), placed close (~1 mm) to the inlet of the mass spectrometer, and applied with a high voltage (−4.5 kV) for in situ AFB1 elution and CFI-MS analysis. A direct electric contact on the SPME-CFI setup was not required. Followed by the introduction of an elution solvent (10 μL) (acetonitrile/ethanol/deionized water, 2:2:1 (v/v/v)) to the pipette tip, electrospray ionization was generated from the elution solvent containing AFB1 for CFI-MS analysis. A reactive SPME-CFI-MS strategy was employed to further identify AFB1 and improve elution capacity using our approach. Butylamine was added to the elution solvent, which was then introduced to the pipette tip inserted with the SPME fiber. Butylamine-derivatized AFB1 was readily generated and appeared in the resultant SPME-CFI mass spectrum. The lowest detectable concentration against AFB1 using our approach was ~1.25 nM. Our method can distinguish AFB1 from AFG1 in a mixture and can be used for the detection of trace AFB1 in complex peanut extract samples.
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11
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Selvaprakash K, Chen YC. Using an insulating fiber as the sampling probe and ionization substrate for ambient ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of volatile, semi-volatile, and polar analytes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4633-4643. [PMID: 35445835 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sharp metal needle used as the ionization emitter in conventional atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) is usually required for analyte ionization through corona discharge (i.e., gas discharge). Nevertheless, we herein demonstrate that an insulating fiber (tip diameter: 10-60 µm; length: ~ 1 cm) made of glass or bamboo can function as an APCI-like ionization emitter. Although no direct electric contact is made on the fiber, the ionization of volatiles and semi-volatiles occurs when the fiber is placed close (~ 1 mm) to the inlet of the mass spectrometer. No analyte ion signals can be observed without placing the insulating fiber in front of the mass spectrometer. The generation of ion species mainly relies on the electric field provided by the mass spectrometer. Presumably, owing to the high electric field provided by the mass spectrometer, the dielectric breakdown voltages of gas molecules in the air and the fiber are overcome, leading to the ionization of analytes in gas phase. In addition, the insulating fiber can function as a holder for sample solutions. Electrospray ionization-like processes derived from polar analytes such as amino acids, peptides, and proteins can readily occur when the insulating fiber deposited with a sample droplet is placed close to the inlet of the mass spectrometer. The feasibility of using the current approach for the detection of nonpolar and polar analytes from complex fetal bovine serum samples without tedious sample pretreatment is demonstrated in this work. The main advantage of using the suggested fiber is that the fiber can be used as the sampling probe to pick up samples and placed in front of a mass spectrometer for direct MS analysis. The application of using a robust, insulating, and disposable probe to pick up samples from real samples such as onion, honey, and pork samples followed by direct MS analysis is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppuchamy Selvaprakash
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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12
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Huang DY, Tsai JJ, Chen YC. Direct Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Semivolatiles Derived from Real Samples at Atmospheric Pressure. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10255-10261. [PMID: 35382327 PMCID: PMC8973113 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated a facile ionization method with the use of real samples for the ionization of their main compositions at ambient conditions for mass spectrometric analysis. Analyte ions derived from the real samples were readily observed in the mass spectrum when placing the samples close (≤1 mm) to the inlet of the mass spectrometer applied with a high voltage. No additional accessories such as an ionization emitter, a plasma generator, or a high voltage power supply were required for this approach. Ionization of semivolatiles derived from the samples occurred between the samples and the inlet of the mass spectrometer presumably owing to the dielectric breakdown induced by the electric field provided by the mass spectrometer. Real samples including plants, medicine tablets, and gloves with contaminants were used as the model samples. The putative ionization mechanisms are also discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yi Huang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jen Tsai
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- International
College of Semiconductor Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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13
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Ji R, Ma S, Bian H, Wang X, Yu C, Zhang Y. Determination and Modeling on Ultraviolet Light Degradation of Pyridaben Based on Fluorescence Spectrum. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:141-147. [PMID: 31985372 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200127121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Pesticide residues seriously affect human health, so it is very important to study the degradation of pesticide residues for food safety. The degradation of pyridaben by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was studied, the degradation characteristics and modeling were analyzed in this paper. This study was undertaken to fully reveal the degradation mechanism of UV irradiation for pyridaben residue and provided the evaluation method of degradation effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the fluorescence spectra of pyridaben samples were measured by LS55 fluorescence photometer, and the relationship between pyridaben concentration and the fluorescence intensity of characteristic peak was established. Then, using UV irradiation approach, the pyridaben was degraded to different degrees by controlling the irradiation time. The degradation process was characterized according to the change of fluorescence characteristic peak intensity before and after degradation. The relationship between degradation time and fluorescence intensity was established at last. RESULTS The results showed that the fluorescence characteristic peak of pyridaben was located at 356 nm. The pyridaben content prediction model function was obtained with the correlation coefficient of 0.9989 and the average recovery of 99.70%. The relative standard deviation (RSD%), the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantity (LOQ) was 1.71%, 0.0058 ug/ml and 0.0193 ug/ml, respectively. The exponential function model between UV degradation time and fluorescence intensity was obtained, the corresponding correlation coefficient was 0.9991, and the average recovery was 100.49%. CONCLUSION UV light irradiation can effectively degrade pyridaben, degradation process can be characterized by the change of fluorescence intensity, and the degradation model was tested to be accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendong Ji
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Shicai Ma
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Haiyi Bian
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.,Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyue Yu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Lake Environment Remote Sensing Technologies, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
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