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Zhou H, Yuan J, Xu J, Wang Y, Xiong P, Zhao G, Jiang X, Peng Y, Ye Y, Cheng G, Zheng J, Liu J. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Amino Acids Enabled by Quaternized Pyridinium Salt MALDI Probe. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39149969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The distribution of small biomolecules, particularly amino acids (AAs), differs between normal cells and cancer cells. Imaging this distribution is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of their physiological and pathological significance. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) provides accurate in situ visualization information. However, the analysis of AAs remains challenging due to the background interference by conventional MALDI matrices. On tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) MSI serves as an important approach to resolve this issue. We designed, synthesized, and tested a series of pyridinium salt probes and screened out the 1-(4-(((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy)carbonyl)phenyl)-2,4,6-triphenylpyridin-1-ium (DCT) probe with the highest reaction efficiency and the most effective detection. Moreover, a quantum chemistry calculation was executed to address mechanistic insight into the chemical nature of the novel probes. DCT was found to map 20 common AAs in normal mouse tissues for the first time, which allowed differentiation of AA distribution in normal, normal interstitium, tumor, and tumor interstitium regions and provided potential mechanistic insights for cancer research and other biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
- Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201206, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Pei Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guode Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xianhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Hummon AB. Quantification of Irinotecan in Single Spheroids Using Internal Standards by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:9227-9236. [PMID: 37285205 PMCID: PMC10350333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been used to visualize molecular distributions in various biological samples. While it has succeeded in localizing molecules ranging from metabolites to peptides, quantitative MSI (qMSI) has remained challenging, especially in small biological samples like spheroids. Spheroids are a three-dimensional cellular model system that replicate the chemical microenvironments of tumors. This cellular model has played an important role in evaluating the penetration of drugs to better understand the efficacy of clinical chemotherapy. Therefore, we aim to optimize a method to quantify the distribution of therapeutics in a single spheroid using MALDI-MSI. Studies were performed with the therapeutic irinotecan (IR). The calibration curve showed a linear relationship with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.058 ng/mm2 and R2 value at 0.9643. Spheroids treated with IR for different lengths of time were imaged using the optimized method to quantify the drug concentration during the penetration process. With a dosing concentration of 20.6 μM, the concentration of IR at 48 h of treatment was 16.90 μM within a single spheroid. Furthermore, spheroids were divided into different layers by spatial segmentation to be quantified separately. This MALDI-qMSI method is amenable to a wide range of drugs as well as their metabolites. The quantification results show great potential to extend this method to other small biological samples such as organoids for patient derived therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Bu XM, Zhao WD, Zhang MY, Wu DQ, Wu JY, Xu X, Chen D. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of androgenic steroid adulteration in traditional Chinese medicine based on d/d-Girard's reagent P labeling. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Harkin C, Smith KW, Cruickshank FL, Logan Mackay C, Flinders B, Heeren RMA, Moore T, Brockbank S, Cobice DF. On-tissue chemical derivatization in mass spectrometry imaging. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:662-694. [PMID: 33433028 PMCID: PMC9545000 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) combines molecular and spatial information in a valuable tool for a wide range of applications. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is at the forefront of MSI ionization due to its wide availability and increasing improvement in spatial resolution and analysis speed. However, ionization suppression, low concentrations, and endogenous and methodological interferences cause visualization problems for certain molecules. Chemical derivatization (CD) has proven a viable solution to these issues when applied in mass spectrometry platforms. Chemical tagging of target analytes with larger, precharged moieties aids ionization efficiency and removes analytes from areas of potential isobaric interferences. Here, we address the application of CD on tissue samples for MSI analysis, termed on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD). MALDI MSI will remain the focus platform due to its popularity, however, alternative ionization techniques such as liquid extraction surface analysis and desorption electrospray ionization will also be recognized. OTCD reagent selection, application, and optimization methods will be discussed in detail. MSI with OTCD is a powerful tool to study the spatial distribution of poorly ionizable molecules within tissues. Most importantly, the use of OTCD-MSI facilitates the analysis of previously inaccessible biologically relevant molecules through the adaptation of existing CD methods. Though further experimental optimization steps are necessary, the benefits of this technique are extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Harkin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Karl W. Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility (ICR)Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Faye L. Cruickshank
- Scottish Instrumentation and Research Centre for Advanced Mass Spectrometry (SIRCAMS), EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghScotlandUK
| | - C. Logan Mackay
- Scottish Instrumentation and Research Centre for Advanced Mass Spectrometry (SIRCAMS), EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Bryn Flinders
- Screening Division, Mass Spectrometry, Hair DiagnostixDutch Screening GroupMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I)University of MaastrichtMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Tara Moore
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineNorthern IrelandUK
| | | | - Diego F. Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineNorthern IrelandUK
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Zhu X, Xu T, Peng C, Wu S. Advances in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Single Cell and Tissues. Front Chem 2022; 9:782432. [PMID: 35186891 PMCID: PMC8850921 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.782432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with conventional optical microscopy techniques, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) or imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful, label-free analytical technique, which can sensitively and simultaneously detect, quantify, and map hundreds of biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, lipid, and other organic compounds in cells and tissues. So far, although several soft ionization techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used for imaging biomolecules, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is still the most widespread MSI scanning method. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of MALDI-MSI with an emphasis on its advances of the instrumentation, methods, application, and future directions in single cell and biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhu
- Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Xu
- Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shihua Wu, ; Shihua Wu,
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Merdas M, Lagarrigue M, Vanbellingen Q, Umbdenstock T, Da Violante G, Pineau C. On-tissue chemical derivatization reagents for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4731. [PMID: 34080257 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is a key tool for the analysis of biological tissues. It provides spatial and quantitative information about different types of analytes within tissue sections. Despite the increasing improvements of this technique, the low detection sensitivity of some compounds remains an important challenge to overcome. Poor sensitivity is related to weak ionization efficiency, low abundance of analytes and matrix ions, or endogenous interferences. On-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) has proven to be an important solution to these issues and is increasingly employed in MALDI MSI studies. OTCD reagents, synthesized or commercially available, have been essentially used for the detection of small exogenous or endogenous molecules within tissues. Optimally, an OTCD reaction is performed in mild conditions, in an acceptable range of time, preserves the integrity of the tissues, and prevents the delocalization. In addition to their reactivity with a targeted chemical function, some OTCD reagents can also be used as a matrix, which simplifies the sample preparation procedure. In this review, we present an exhaustive overview of OTCD reagents and methods used in MALDI MSI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Merdas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35042, France
- Protim, Univ Rennes, Rennes, F-35042, France
- DMPK Department, Technologie Servier, Orléans, 45007, France
| | - Mélanie Lagarrigue
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35042, France
- Protim, Univ Rennes, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | | | | | | | - Charles Pineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35042, France
- Protim, Univ Rennes, Rennes, F-35042, France
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Targeting out of range biomolecules: Chemical labeling strategies for qualitative and quantitative MALDI MS-based detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shariatgorji R, Nilsson A, Fridjonsdottir E, Strittmatter N, Dannhorn A, Svenningsson P, Goodwin RJA, Odell LR, Andrén PE. Spatial visualization of comprehensive brain neurotransmitter systems and neuroactive substances by selective in situ chemical derivatization mass spectrometry imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3298-3321. [PMID: 34075230 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-specific techniques such as MALDI and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging enable direct and simultaneous mapping of biomolecules in tissue sections in a single experiment. However, neurotransmitter imaging in the complex environment of biological samples remains challenging. Our covalent charge-tagging approach using on-tissue chemical derivatization of primary and secondary amines and phenolic hydroxyls enables comprehensive mapping of neurotransmitter networks. Here, we present robust and easy-to-use chemical derivatization protocols that facilitate quantitative and simultaneous molecular imaging of complete neurotransmitter systems and drugs in diverse biological tissue sections with high lateral resolution. This is currently not possible with any other imaging technique. The protocol, using fluoromethylpyridinium and pyrylium reagents, describes all steps from tissue preparation (~1 h), chemical derivatization (1-2 h), data collection (timing depends on the number of samples and lateral resolution) and data analysis and interpretation. The specificity of the chemical reaction can also help users identify unknown chemical identities. Our protocol can reveal the cellular locations in which signaling molecules act and thus shed light on the complex responses that occur after the administration of drugs or during the course of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shariatgorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zaikin VG, Borisov RS. Options of the Main Derivatization Approaches for Analytical ESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1287-1342. [PMID: 33557614 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1873100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of preliminary chemical labeling (derivatization) in the analysis process by such powerful and widespread methods as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a popular and widely used methodological approach. This is due to the need to remove some fundamental limitations inherent in these powerful analytic methods. Although a number of special reviews has been published discussing the utilization of derivatization approaches, the purpose of the present critical review is to comprehensively summarize, characterize and evaluate most of the previously developed and practically applied, as well as recently proposed representative derivatization reagents for ESI-MS and MALDI-MS platforms in their mostly sensitive positive ion mode and frequently hyphenated with separation techniques. The review is focused on the use of preliminary chemical labeling to facilitate the detection, identification, structure elucidation, quantification, profiling or MS imaging of compounds within complex matrices. Two main derivatization approaches, namely the introduction of permanent charge-fixed or highly proton affinitive residues into analytes are critically evaluated. In situ charge-generation, charge-switch and charge-transfer derivatizations are considered separately. The potential of using reactive matrices in MALDI-MS and chemical labeling in MS-based omics sciences is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Applications of stable isotopes in MALDI imaging: current approaches and an eye on the future. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2637-2653. [PMID: 33532914 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is now an established imaging modality with particular utility in the study of biological, biomedical and pathological processes. In the first instance, the use of stable isotopically labelled (SIL) compounds in MALDI-IMS has addressed technical barriers to increase the accuracy and versatility of this technique. This has undoubtedly enhanced our ability to interpret the two-dimensional ion intensity distributions produced from biological tissue sections. Furthermore, studies using delivery of SIL compounds to live tissues have begun to decipher cell, tissue and inter-tissue metabolism while maintaining spatial resolution. Here, we review both the technical and biological applications of SIL compounds in MALDI-IMS, before using the uptake and metabolism of glucose in bovine ocular lens tissue to illustrate the current limitations of SIL compound use in MALDI-IMS. Finally, we highlight recent instrumentation advances that may further enhance our ability to use SIL compounds in MALDI-IMS to understand biological and pathological processes. Graphical Abstract.
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