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Thiele U, Crocoll C, Tschöpe A, Drayß C, Kirschhöfer F, Nusser M, Brenner-Weiß G, Franzreb M, Bleher K. Efficient derivatization-free monitoring of glycosyltransferase reactions via flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry for rapid sugar analytics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05457-9. [PMID: 39095616 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of enzymes in industrial chemical synthesis requires efficient process control to maintain high yields and purity. Flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-MS) offers a promising solution for real-time monitoring of these enzymatic processes, particularly when handling challenging compounds like sugars and glycans, which are difficult to quickly analyze using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry due to their physical properties or the requirement for a derivatization step beforehand. This study compares the performance of FIA-MS with traditional hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-mass spectrometry (MS) setups for the monitoring of the enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) using beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Our results show that FIA-MS, without prior chromatographic separation or derivatization, can quickly generate accurate mass spectrometric data within minutes, contrasting with the lengthy separations required by LC-MS methods. The rapid data acquisition of FIA-MS enables effective real-time monitoring and adjustment of the enzymatic reactions. Furthermore, by eliminating the derivatization step, this method offers the possibility of being directly coupled to a continuously operated reactor, thus providing a rapid on-line methodology for glycan synthesis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Thiele
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Chantal Crocoll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - André Tschöpe
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carla Drayß
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Nusser
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiß
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bleher
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Chung NA, May JC, Robinson RAS, McLean JA. Solvent Composition Can Have a Measurable Influence on the Ion Mobility-Derived Collision Cross Section of Small Molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:234-243. [PMID: 38082535 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ion mobility (IM) is an important analytical technique for increasing identification coverage of metabolites in untargeted studies, especially when integrated into traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry workflows. While there has been extensive work surrounding best practices to obtain and standardize collision cross section (CCS) measurements necessary for comparing across different IM techniques and laboratories, there has been little investigation into experimental factors beyond the mobility separation region that could potentially influence CCS measurements. The first-principles derived CCS of 15 chemical standards were evaluated across 27 aqueous:organic solvent compositions using a high-precision drift tube instrument. A small but measurable dependency of the CCS on the solvent composition was observed, with the larger analytes from this study (m/z > 400) exhibiting a characteristic increase in CCS at the intermediate (40-60%) solvent compositions. Parallels to the behavior of solvent viscosity and protonation site tautomers (protomers) were noted, although the origin of these solvent-dependent CCS trends is as yet unclear. Taken together, these findings document a solvent dependency on CCS, which, while minor (<0.5%), identifies an important need for reporting the solvent system when utilizing CCS in comparative ion mobility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjali A Chung
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Plumb RS, Gethings LA, Rainville PD, Isaac G, Trengove R, King AM, Wilson ID. Advances in high throughput LC/MS based metabolomics: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hibino Y, Iguchi A, Zaitsu K. Preliminary study to classify mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity by in vitro metabolomics and bioinformatics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116316. [PMID: 36462684 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mitochondrial toxicity is one of the causes for drug-induced liver injury, and the classification of phenotypes or mitochondrial toxicity are highly required though there are no molecular-profiling approaches for classifying mitochondrial toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to classify the mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity by metabolic profiling in vitro and bioinformatics. MAIN METHODS We applied an established gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to human hepatoma grade 2 (HepG2) cells that were exposed to mitochondrial toxicants, whose mechanisms are different, such as rotenone (0.1 μM), carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, 0.5 μM), nefazodone (20 μM), perhexiline (6.25 μM), or digitonin (positive cytotoxic substance, 4 μM). These concentrations were determined by the Mitochondrial ToxGlo Assay. Galactose medium was used for suppressing the Warburg effect in HepG2 cells, and the metabolome analysis successfully identified 125 metabolites in HepG2 cells. Multivariate, metabolic pathway and network analyses were performed by the R software. KEY FINDINGS Metabolic profiling enabled the classifying the mitochondrial toxicity mechanisms of RCC inhibition and uncoupling. The metabolic profiles of respiratory chain complex (RCC) inhibitors (rotenone and nefazodone) and an uncoupler (CCCP) were fully differentiated from those of other compounds. The metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the RCC inhibitors and the uncoupler mainly disrupted TCA-cycle and related metabolic pathways. In addition, the correlation-based network analysis revealed that succinic acid, β-alanine, and glutamic acid were potential metabolic indicators for RCC inhibition and uncoupling. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provided new insights into classifying mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity by in vitro metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Hibino
- Safety Research Laboratories, Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine & Bioethics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Iguchi
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Multimodal Informatics and Wide-data Analytics Laboratory, Department of Computational Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishi Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan; In Vivo Real-time Omics Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Han M, Deng H, Wu F, Liu G, Chen GQ. Lysine β-Hydroxybutyrylation Improves Stability of COVID-19 Antibody. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:454-463. [PMID: 34879647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
β-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small molecule produced as a ketone body in mammalian animals. It has been found that 3HB provides not only energy for a body, it also participates in cell signal transduction events as a signal molecule. This study focuses on investigation of 3HB immunomodulatory mechanisms. Proteomic analysis indicates a new post-translational modification of β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) on antibodies. Because of the low level of Kbhb antibodies and the associated difficulty in purifying them, simulated Kbhb antibody was produced using chemical modification in vitro. The chemically modified Kbhb antibody was shown to improve the stability of antibodies to protease and heat treatments. Furthermore, Kbhb of antibodies stabilizes the antibodies in plasma. As a remarkable example, COVID-19 neutralizing antibody B38 produced by 293T cells was Kbhb modified and stabilized in vivo, providing a strategy for the possibility of extending the protection effects of COVID-19 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Han
- Protein and Chemistry Platform, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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He B, Zhang W, Guled F, Harms A, Ramautar R, Hankemeier T. Analytical techniques for biomass-restricted metabolomics: An overview of the state-of-the-art. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Yue X, Liu W, Liu Y, Shen M, Zhai Y, Ma Z, Cao Z. Development, validation, and clinical application of an FIA-MS/MS method for the quantification of lysophosphatidylcholines in dried blood spots. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24099. [PMID: 34788474 PMCID: PMC8761423 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) plays pivotal roles in several physiological processes and their disturbances are closely associated with various disorders. In this study, we described the development and validation of a reliable and simple flow injection analysis–tandem mass spectrometry (FIA‐MS/MS)‐based method using dried blood spots (DBS) for quantification of four individual LPC (C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C26:0). Methods Lysophosphatidylcholines were extracted from 3.2 mm DBS with 85% methanol containing 60 ng/ml internal standard using a rapid (30 min) and simple procedure. The analytes and the internal standard were directly measured by triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reactions monitoring mode via positive electrospray ionization. Results Method validation results showed good linearity ranging from 50 to 2000 ng/ml for each LPC. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were within the acceptable limits at four quality control levels. Recovery was from 70.5% to 107.0%, and all analytes in DBS were stable under assay conditions (24 h at room temperature and 72 h in autosampler). The validated method was successfully applied to assessment of C20:0‐C26:0LPCs in 1900 Chinese neonates. C26:0‐LPC levels in this study were consistent with previously published values. Conclusion We propose a simple FIA‐MS/MS method for analyzing C20:0‐C26:0LPCs in DBS, which can be used for first‐tier screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Reference Laboratory, Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Development of a chromatography-free method for high-throughput MS-based bioanalysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:725-735. [PMID: 33856232 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our objective was to test the feasibility of developing an LC-free, MS-based approach for high-throughput bioanalysis of humanized therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Methodology: A universal tryptic peptide from human IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 was selected as the surrogate peptide for quantitation. After tryptic digestion, the surrogate peptide was fractionated via solid-phase extraction before being subjected to direct infusion-based MS/MS analysis. A high-resolution, multiplexed (MSX = 2) parallel reaction monitoring method was developed for data acquisition. Results & conclusion: This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high-throughput MS-based bioanalysis of monoclonal antibodies using an LC-free workflow with sensitivity comparable to conventional LC-MS/MS-based methods.
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Hansen ASL, Dunham MJ, Arsovska D, Zhang J, Keasling JD, Herrgard MJ, Jensen MK. Dietary Change Enables Robust Growth-Coupling of Heterologous Methyltransferase Activity in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3408-3415. [PMID: 33179905 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modifications of living organisms and proteins are made possible by a catalogue of molecular and synthetic biology tools, yet proper screening assays for genetic variants of interest continue to lag behind. Synthetic growth-coupling (GC) of enzyme activities offers a simple, inexpensive way to track such improvements. In this follow-up study we present the optimization of a recently established GC design for screening of heterologous methyltransferases (MTases) and related pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, upon testing different media compositions and genetic backgrounds, improved GC of different heterologous MTase activities is obtained. Furthermore, we demonstrate the strength of the system by screening a library of catechol O-MTase variants converting protocatechuic acid into vanillic acid. We demonstrated high correlation (R2 = 0.775) between vanillic acid and cell density as a proxy for MTase activity. We envision that the improved MTase GC can aid evolution-guided optimization of biobased production processes for methylated compounds with yeast in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Lærke Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maitreya J. Dunham
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dushica Arsovska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Markus J. Herrgard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael K. Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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