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Liu M, Zhuang H, Zhang Y, Jia Y. A sandwich FRET biosensor for lysozyme detection based on peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles and FAM-labeled aptamer. Talanta 2024; 276:126226. [PMID: 38754187 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Lysozyme (LYZ) plays a crucial role in the body's immune defense system. Monitoring LYZ levels can provide valuable insights into the diagnosis and severity assessment of various diseases. Traditionally, antibody-based sandwich assays are employed for LYZ detection, but they are often time-consuming and operationally complicated. In this research, a novel sandwich FRET biosensor was developed, which enables rapid detection of LYZ based on peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (pAuNPs) and FAM-labeled aptamer (Apt-FAM). Initially, a mixture of Apt-FAM and pAuNPs resulted in partial quenching of the Apt-FAM fluorescence emission through an inner filter effect (IFE), with negligible energy transfer because of the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged pAuNPs and Apt-FAM. The introduction of LYZ into the mixture drove the specific binding of Apt-FAM and pAuNPs to LYZ, facilitating the formation of a pAuNPs-LYZ-aptamer sandwich structure. The formation of this complex drew the pAuNPs and Apt-FAM into close enough proximity to enable FRET to occur, which in turn effectively quenched the fluorescence emission of FAM. The decrease in FAM fluorescence intensity was correlated with the increasing concentration of LYZ. Thus, a sandwich FRET biosensor was successfully developed for LYZ detection with a linear detection range of 0-1.75 μM and a detection limit of 85 nM. Additionally, the biosensor allowed visual detection of LYZ in a 96-well microplate, with a rapid response time of just 15 s. This study introduces a innovative sandwich FRET biosensor that combines aptamer and peptide recognition elements, offering a fast and antibody-free method for protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China.
| | - Hongyuan Zhuang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361006, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China; Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China.
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Wang T, Tan HS, Wang AJ, Li SS, Feng JJ. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: From luminescence mechanism to applications in enzyme activity assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116323. [PMID: 38669842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have outstanding fluorescence property and biocompatibility, which show widespread applications in biological analysis. Particularly, evaluation of enzyme activity with the fluorescent MNCs has been developed rapidly within the past several years. In this review, we first introduced the fluorescent mechanism of mono- and bi-metallic nanoclusters, respectively, whose interesting luminescence properties are mainly resulted from electron transfer between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. Meanwhile, the charge migration within the structure occurs through ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) or ligand-metal-metal charge transfer (LMMCT). On such foundation, diverse enzyme activities were rigorously evaluated, including three transferases and nine hydrolases, in turn harvesting rapid research progresses within past 5 years. Finally, we summarized the design strategies for evaluating enzyme activity with the MNCs, presented the major issues and challenges remained in the relevant research, coupled by showing some improvement measures. This review will attract researchers dedicated to the studies of the MNCs and provide some constructive insights for their further applications in enzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Pavelka O, Dyakov S, Kvakova K, Vesely J, Cigler P, Valenta J. Towards site-specific emission enhancement of gold nanoclusters using plasmonic systems: advantages and limitations. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3351-3365. [PMID: 36722767 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent gold nanoclusters are widely seen as a promising candidate for applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Although they have many of the required properties, such as biocompatibility and photostability, the luminescence of near infrared emitting gold nanoclusters is still relatively weak compared to the best available fluorophores. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on the possibilities and limitations of improving the performance of gold nanoclusters by combining them with plasmonic nanostructures. We focus on a detailed description of the emission enhancement and compare it with the excitation enhancement obtained in recent works. We prepared a well-defined series of gold nanoclusters attached to gold nanorods whose plasmonic band is tuned to the emission band of gold nanoclusters. In the resultant single-element hybrid nanostructure, the gold nanorods control the luminescence of gold nanoclusters in terms of its spectral position, polarization and lifetime. We identified a range of parameters which determine the mutual interaction of both particles including the inter-particle distance, plasmon-emission spectral overlap, dimension of gold nanorods and even the specific position of gold nanoclusters attached on their surface. We critically assess the practical and theoretical photoluminescence enhancements achievable using the above strategy. Although the emission enhancement was generally low, the observations and methodology presented in this study can provide a valuable insight into the plasmonic enhancement in general and into the photophysics of gold nanoclusters. We believe that our approach can be largely generalized for other relevant studies on plasmon enhanced luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Pavelka
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Sergey Dyakov
- Photonics & Quantum Materials Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street 3, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Klaudia Kvakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, Prague 121 08, Czechia
| | - Jozef Vesely
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Valenta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia.
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Beiki T, Najafpour-Darzi G, Mohammadi M, Shakeri M, Boukherroub R. Fabrication of a novel electrochemical biosensor based on a molecular imprinted polymer-aptamer hybrid receptor for lysozyme determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:899-911. [PMID: 36544030 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel, sensitive, and rapid electrochemical biosensor was employed to detect lysozyme (Lys) using a double receptor of molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)-aptamer. First, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a nanocomposite consisting of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), and chitosan. Subsequently, aptamer (Apt)-Lys complex was immobilized on MWCNTs-N-CQDs-chitosan/GCE via binding between carboxyl groups present in the nanocomposite and the terminal amine groups of the aptamer. Following that, methylene blue monomer was electrochemically polymerized around the Apt-Lys complex on the MWCNTs-N-CQDs-chitosan/GCE surface. Finally, after the template removal, the remaining cavities along with the aptamers created a new hybrid receptor of MIP-aptamer. The MWCNTs-N-CQDs-chitosan nanocomposite could provide large amounts of carboxyl groups for binding to amino-functionalized aptamers, considerable electrical conductivity, and a high surface-to-volume ratio. These beneficial features facilitated the Apt-Lys complex immobilization and gave improved electrochemical signal. The obtained MIP-aptamer hybrid receptor allowed lysozyme determination even at concentrations as low as 4.26 fM within the functional range of 1 fM to 100 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavoos Beiki
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 47148-71167, Iran
| | - Ghasem Najafpour-Darzi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 47148-71167, Iran.
| | - Maedeh Mohammadi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 47148-71167, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 47148-71167, Iran
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
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Wang S, Ma X, Yang Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Xia Y, Gao X, Ren X. Dual-Functional Nanocluster Probe-Based Single-Cell Analysis of RNA Splice Variants. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5014-5022. [PMID: 35298123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differential expression of RNA splice variants among individual cells accounts for cell heterogeneity of gene expression, which plays a key role in the regulation of the immune system. However, currently available techniques face difficulties in achieving single-cell analysis of RNA splice variants with high base resolution, high spatial resolution and accurate quantification. Herein, we constructed DNA-templated dual-functional nanocluster probes to achieve in situ imaging and accurate quantification of RNA splice variants at the single-cell level. By designing ultrasmall nanocluster labeled probes to directly target the splicing junction sequence of RNA splice variants, the base recognition resolution is significantly improved. Benefit from the controllable fluorescence of nanoclusters, in situ imaging and genotyping of RNA splice variants are achieved. Due to the atom-precise nanocluster, RNA splice variants can be accurately quantified by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the single-cell level. We further applied the probes to explore the function of MyD88 splice variants in mononuclear macrophages under immune activation. This strategy provides a novel single-cell analysis tool for studying the functional diversity of the immune system and splicing-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zifu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuqing Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Pavelka O, Kvakova K, Vesely J, Mizera J, Cigler P, Valenta J. Optically coupled gold nanostructures: plasmon enhanced luminescence from gold nanorod-nanocluster hybrids. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3166-3178. [PMID: 35142320 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent (PL) gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) show many advantages over conventional semiconductor quantum dots, however, their application potential is limited by their relatively low absorption cross-section and quantum yield. Plasmonic enhancement is a common strategy for improving the performance of weak fluorophores, yet in the case of AuNCs this method is still poorly explored. Here a robust synthetic approach to a compact plasmonic nanostructure enhancing significantly the PL of AuNCs is presented. Two gold nanostructures, AuNCs and plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs), are assembled in a compact core-shell nanostructure with tunable geometry and optical properties. The unprecedented degree of control over the structural parameters of the nanostructure allows to study the effects of several parameters, such as excitation wavelength, AuNC-AuNR distance, and relative loading of AuNCs per single AuNR. Consequently, a more general method to measure and evaluate enhancement independently of the absolute particle concentrations is introduced. The highest PL intensity enhancement is obtained when the excitation wavelength matches the strong longitudinal plasmonic band of the AuNRs and when the separation distance between AuNCs and AuNRs decreases to 5 nm. The results presented are relevant for the application of AuNCs in optoelectronic devices and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Pavelka
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Klaudia Kvakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jozef Vesely
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Mizera
- Department of Nuclear Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68, Rez, Czechia
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jan Valenta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia.
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