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Jóskowiak A, Nogueira CL, Costa SP, Cunha AP, Freitas PP, Carvalho CM. A magnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic device fabricated using a 3D-printed mould for separation of Escherichia coli from blood. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:356. [PMID: 37594644 PMCID: PMC10439042 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, A microfluidic device is described, produced with a 3D-printed master mould that rapidly separates and concentrates Escherichia coli directly from whole blood samples, enabling a reduction in the turnaround time of bloodstream infections (BSIs) diagnosis. Moreover, it promotes the cleansing of the blood samples whose complexity frequently hampers bacterial detection. The device comprises a serpentine mixing channel with two inlets, one for blood samples (spiked with bacteria) and the other for magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with a (bacterio)phage receptor-binding protein (RBP) with high specificity for E. coli. After the magnetic labelling of bacteria throughout the serpentine, the microchannel ends with a trapping reservoir where bacteria-MNPs conjugates are concentrated using a permanent magnet. The optimized sample preparation device successfully recovered E. coli (on average, 66%) from tenfold diluted blood spiked within a wide range of bacterial load (102 CFU to 107 CFU mL-1). The non-specific trapping, tested with Staphylococcus aureus, was at a negligible level of 12%. The assay was performed in 30 min directly from diluted blood thus presenting an advantage over the conventional enrichment in blood cultures (BCs). The device is simple and cheap to fabricate and can be tailored for multiple bacterial separation from complex clinical samples by using RBPs targeting different species. Moreover, the possibility to integrate a biosensing element to detect bacteria on-site can provide a reliable, fast, and cost-effective point-of-care device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jóskowiak
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/N, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Nogueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/N, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana P Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/N, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Cunha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/N, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/N, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnolnology, Rua Alves Redol, 9, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla M Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/N, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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Legg A, Carmichael S, Chai MG, Roberts JA, Cotta MO. Beta-Lactam Dose Optimisation in the Intensive Care Unit: Targets, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050870. [PMID: 37237773 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactams are an important family of antibiotics used to treat infections and are commonly used in critically ill patients. Optimal use of these drugs in the intensive care unit (ICU) is important because of the serious complications from sepsis. Target beta-lactam antibiotic exposures may be chosen using fundamental principles of beta-lactam activity derived from pre-clinical and clinical studies, although the debate regarding optimal beta-lactam exposure targets is ongoing. Attainment of target exposures in the ICU requires overcoming significant pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) challenges. For beta-lactam drugs, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to confirm if the desired exposure targets are achieved has shown promise, but further data are required to determine if improvement in infection-related outcomes can be achieved. Additionally, beta-lactam TDM may be useful where a relationship exists between supratherapeutic antibiotic exposure and drug adverse effects. An ideal beta-lactam TDM service should endeavor to efficiently sample and report results in identified at-risk patients in a timely manner. Consensus beta-lactam PK/PD targets associated with optimal patient outcomes are lacking and should be a focus for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Legg
- Menzies School of Health Research, Tiwi, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Sinead Carmichael
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Departments of Intensive Care Medicine and Pharmacy, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ming G Chai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Departments of Intensive Care Medicine and Pharmacy, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Menino O Cotta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Hybrid 3D printed integrated microdevice for the determination of copper ions in human body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4047-4057. [PMID: 35396610 PMCID: PMC8993678 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On-site screening of copper ions in body fluid plays a critical role in monitoring human health, especially in heavy pollution areas. In this study, we have developed a hybrid 3D printed integrated microdevice for the determination of copper ions in human body fluids. A fixed and low volume of sample was detected by using the integrated microdevice without any preprocessing. The hybrid channel enables sample uniform mixing and quantitative dilution with buffer solution by inducing the “horseshoe vortex” phenomenon. The electrolytic microcell based on the flow detection system shows a more effective copper ion reaction ratio and, as a result, a better sensitivity. The simulation of the finite element method (FEM) determined the relevant optimum parameters of the hybrid channel and the microcell. The design, fabrication, and detection procedure of the integrated microdevice are here illustrated. The microdevice presented superior detection properties towards copper ions. The calibration curves covered two linear ranges varying from 20 to 100 ppb and 100 to 400 ppb, respectively. The limit of detection was estimated to be 15 ppb (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation of the peak current measurements was 2.26%. The designed microdevice was further applied to detect copper ions in practical samples (calf serum sample and synthetic human urine sample) using a standard addition method, and the average recovery was found to be 95–104%. The performance of copper ion detection with the integrated microdevice was consistent with that of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the same practical samples, demonstrating significant practicality in the test of body fluidics. The portable integrated microdevice is an excellent choice for on-site detection and has a promising prospect in the point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.
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