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Chen H, Li D, Zheng Y, Wang K, Zhang H, Feng Z, Huang B, Wen H, Wu J, Xue W, Huang S. Construction of optical dual-mode sensing platform based on green emissive carbon quantum dots for effective detection of ClO - and cellular imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123733. [PMID: 38157745 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) is an important redox regulator in reactive oxygen species, which play a considerable role in oxidative stress and related diseases. Hence, accurate and sensitive monitoring of ClO- concentration was urgently needed in the fields of life sciences, food and environment. Bright green fluorescent carbon quantum dots (G-CQDs) were synthesized utilizing one-step hydrothermal method with citric acid and acriflavine precursors. Through TEM, FTIR, XPS and zeta potential characterization procedures, G-CQDs illustrated uniformly dispersed and significant number of -NH2 and -OH on the surface. Meanwhile, the fluorescence and colorimetric analysis exhibited wide linear range and low detection limit response to ClO-. The fluorescence changes of G-CQDs were identified via smartphone to realize mobile sensing of ClO-. Subsequently, G-CQDs was applied for visualization and quantitative detection of ClO- in drinking water samples with satisfactory recovery rate. More importantly, G-CQDs demonstrated good water solubility, optical stability and excellent biocompatibility, which offered a promising analysis approach in cell imaging and exogenous ClO- detection in living cells. G-CQDs illustrated bright prospect and great potential in practical application of ClO- associated disease prevention and early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dai Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yutao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bolin Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huiyun Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan.
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Saipeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Du X, Zhang Q, Ma X, Xu G, Li J, Song P, Xia L. Dual detection and quantification of hypochlorite and sulfite ions via SERS spectroscopy by utilizing the redox reaction of tetramethylbenzidine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124051. [PMID: 38368820 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We developed a highly efficient, ultra-sensitive, and selective dual detection sensor for hypochlorite (ClO-) and sulfite (SO32-) ions based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is oxidized by ClO- under acidic conditions to diazotized oxTMB that, when electrostatically adsorbed onto Au nanoparticles (NPs), produces a strong Raman signal at 1605 cm-1. Meanwhile, oxTMB is reduced to TMB by SO32-, which significantly reduces the Raman signal. The linear detection range of the proposed sensor is 10-10 to 10-6 M with a detection limit of 59 pM for ClO- and 10-9 to 10-5 M with a detection limit of 5.4 nM for SO32-. In addition, the sensor was successfully applied to detect ClO- and SO32- in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Du
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Qijia Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiaodi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Guangda Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Peng Song
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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3
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Hafez NS, Amer WA, Okba EA, Sakr MAS, Alganzory HH, Ebeid EZM. Novel ultra-sensitive and highly selective cyanine sensors based on solvent-free microwave synthesis for the detection of trace hypochlorite ions in drinking water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123116. [PMID: 37459665 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of chlorine in drinking water disinfection with the determination of residual chlorine in the form of hypochlorite ion (ClO-) is in widespread demand. Several sensors including colorimetric, fluorometric, and electrochemical methods are currently in use, but detection limits and ease of application remain a challenge. In this work, two new cyanine derivatives-based ClO- sensors, that were prepared by solvent-free microwave synthesis, are reported. The two sensors are highly sensitive and selective to ClO-, exhibiting a noticeable color change visible to the naked eye. Additionally, the sensors can detect ClO- without interference from other potential water pollutants, with low detection limits of 7.43 ppb and 0.917 ppb based on absorption performance. When using fluorometric methods, the sensors' detection limits are pushed down to 0.025 ppb and 0.598 ppb for sensors I and II, respectively. The sensors can be loaded with paper strips for field and domestic detection of ClO- in tap water treatment installations. Using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, these sensors showed strong detection sensitivity to ClO-, with detection limits of 0.256 ppm and 0.09 ppm for sensors I and II, respectively. Quantum chemical studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) supported the findings. The sensing mechanism is rationalized in terms of radical cation formation upon ClO- oxidation of cyanine sensors I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen S Hafez
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Wael A Amer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Ehab A Okba
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A S Sakr
- Center of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6(TH) of October City, Egypt
| | | | - El-Zeiny M Ebeid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Center of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6(TH) of October City, Egypt
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AlQarni AO, Mahmoud AM, Ali R, El-Wekil MM. Colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode determination of hypochlorite based on redox-mediated quenching. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32492-32501. [PMID: 37928853 PMCID: PMC10624236 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have successfully created a dual-modal probe, labeled as of iron(ii)-ortho-phenanthroline/N, S@g-CDs, which combines both fluorometric and colorimetric techniques for the accurate and sensitive detection of hypochlorite (ClO-). The mechanism behind this probe involves the fluorescence quenching interaction between nitrogen and sulfur co-doped green emissive carbon dots (N, S@g-CDs) and the iron(ii)-ortho-phenanthroline chelate, utilizing both the inner filter effect and redox processes. As the concentration of ClO- increases, the iron(ii) undergo oxidation to iron(iii) as follows: Fe(ii) + 2HClO = Fe(iii) + Cl2O + H2O, leading to the restoration of N, S@g-CDs fluorescence. Simultaneously, the color of the system transitions gradually from red to colorless, enabling colorimetric measurements. In the fluorometric method with an excitation wavelength of 370 nm, the ClO- concentration exhibits a wide linear correlation with fluorescence intensity ranging from 0.07 to 220 μM. The detection limit achieved in this method is 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). In contrast, the colorimetric method exhibits a linear range of 1.12 to 200 μM, with a detection limit of 0.335 μM (S/N = 3). The proposed selective absorbance for this method is 510 nm. The probe has been effectively utilized for the detection of ClO- in various samples, including water and milk samples. This successful application showcases its potential for determining ClO- in complex matrices, highlighting its broad range of practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali O AlQarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University Najran 11001 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University Najran 11001 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University Assiut Branch 71526 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Wekil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
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Li N, Jiang H, Chen L, Li Z, Han Q, Ning L, Chen Z, Zhao S, Liu X. Converting commonly-used paper into nano-engineered fluorescent biomass-based platform for rapid ClO - quantitative detection in living cells and water sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138227. [PMID: 36858120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) and derivative ionic form (ClO-) are significant components of reactive oxygen species, and thus various diseases are correlatively related to the concentration of ClO-. Recently, paper-based indicators have been confirmed to be efficient strategy for sensing hazardous and noxious substances. However, most of these materials can only achieve qualitative detection of the substrates. Herein, an extremely simple manufacturing strategy was proposed to convert commonly-used paper into nano-engineered fluorescent biomass-based platform (CMJL-FP) integrated with on-demand self-assembled colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence sensor (CMJL) for rapid ClO- quantitative detection in organisms or water sources using smartphones. The CMJL exhibited a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric response to ClO- at a low detection limit (LOD = 92.6 nM). The associating interactions between the fluorescence nano-particles and micro-nano fibers of CMJL-FP ensure good-stability during ClO- detection. It has been experimentally demonstrated that CMJL-FP allows one to realize the rapid quantitative detection of ClO- ions in living cells and large-scale water sources by using color recognition software as part of a simple smartphone. Therefore, integrating the proposed fluorescent paper with smartphones provides an effective, sustainable, cheap and conceptual strategy for quantitative detection of hazardous and noxious substances in organisms and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihao Li
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Huie Jiang
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Zhijian Li
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Qingxin Han
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Lulu Ning
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Zhenjuan Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Suqiu Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
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Saita S, Kawasaki H. Carbon nanodots with a controlled N structure by a solvothermal method for generation of reactive oxygen species under visible light. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:127-135. [PMID: 36581317 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots can function as photosensitizers that have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, hydroxy (OH) radicals, and superoxide ions. However, most of these can only be generated upon ultraviolet light excitation. Additionally, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation by carbon nanodots remains unclear. The development of carbon nanodots that can photosensitize under visible light irradiation is desirable for applications such as photodynamic therapy and pollutant decomposition under visible light. Here, we report novel carbon nanodot-based photosensitizers that generate reactive oxygen species under visible light; they were synthesized using a solvothermal method with two solvents (formamide and water) and amidol as the carbon source. Carbon nanodots from the solvothermal synthesis in formamide showed blue fluorescence, while those obtained in water showed green fluorescence. The photo-excited blue-fluorescent carbon nanodots produced OH radicals, superoxide ions, and singlet oxygen, and therefore could function as both type I and type II photosensitizers. In addition, photo-excited green-fluorescent carbon nanodots generated only singlet oxygen, therefore functioning as type II photosensitizers. It is proposed that the two photosensitizers have different origins of reactive oxygen species generation: the enrichment of graphitic N for blue-fluorescent carbon nanodots and molecular fluorophores for green-fluorescent carbon nanodots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saita
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
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Rahmawati I, Saepudin E, Fiorani A, Einaga Y, Ivandini TA. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol at a boron-doped diamond electrode for the detection of hypochlorite. Analyst 2022; 147:2696-2702. [PMID: 35608289 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol at a boron-doped diamond electrode has been used for hypochlorite determination. The presence of H2O2 induces the generation of the ECL signals of luminol. In contrast, the presence of hypochlorite oxidizes luminol directly to decrease the ECL signals of luminol. Accordingly, a decrease of the ECL signals of luminol in the presence of H2O2 was used as the signal response for hypochlorite detection. A linear decrease of ECL signals with the NaClO concentration in the range from 0 to 20 μM was observed with a sensitivity of 18.56 a.u. μM-1 cm-2. An estimated detection limit of 0.88 μM was achieved, which is around one order lower than the detection limit obtained using the normal electrochemical method with the same electrode. The system also provides a good selectivity towards Cu2+ and Na+. A reproducibility of 3.40%RSD was noted for 15 repetitive measurements. The analytical performance was found to be favourable in comparison to those of other typical electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence methods, indicating that it is applicable for real sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isnaini Rahmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Endang Saepudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Andrea Fiorani
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, 223-8522, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, 223-8522, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tribidasari A Ivandini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia.
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Facile and Green Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Water Hyacinth for the Detection of Ferric Iron and Cellular Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091528. [PMID: 35564237 PMCID: PMC9100092 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural biomass is used for facile synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with high fluorescence, owing to its abundance, low cost, and eco-friendliness. In this study, a bottom-up hydrothermal method was used to prepare CQDs from water hyacinth (wh) at a constant temperature of 180 °C for 12 h. The synthesized wh-CQDs had uniform size, amorphous graphite structure, high water solubility (containing multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface), excitation light-dependent characteristics, and high photostability. The results showed that the aqueous solution of CQDs could detect Fe3+ rapidly, sensitively, and highly selectively with a detection limit of 0.084 μM in the linear range of 0–330 μM, which is much lower than the detection limit of 0.77 μM specified by the World Health Organization. More importantly, because the wh-CQDs were synthesized without any additives, they exhibited low toxicity to Klebsiella sp. cells even at high concentrations. Moreover, wh-CQDs emitted bright blue fluorescence in Klebsiella sp. cells, indicating its strong penetrating ability. Correspondingly, the fluorescent cell sorting results also revealed that the proportion of cell internalization reached 41.78%. In this study, wh-CQDs derived from natural biomass were used as high-performance fluorescent probes for Fe3+ detection and Klebsiella sp. imaging. This study is expected to have great significance for the application of biomass carbon spots in the field of cellular imaging and biology.
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Wang Q, Wu Y, Bao X, Yang M, Liu J, Sun K, Li Z, Deng G. Novel fluorescence sensor for the selective recognition of tetracycline based on molecularly imprinted polymer-capped N-doped carbon dots. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24778-24785. [PMID: 36128401 PMCID: PMC9429051 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03923k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) coupled with N-doped carbon dots (CDs) was prepared and used for specific recognition and sensitive determination of tetracycline (TC). N-doped CDs were synthesized using citric acid as a carbon source and ethylenediamine as a nitrogen source by a microwave assisted pyrolysis method. The determination conditions such as the solvents, material amount, pH value, and temperature were optimized. The CDs-MIPs have the best quenching on TC in water. The proposed method used for TC determination in milk powder samples had a detection limit of 0.054 μg mL−1 and a wide range of 0.5–30 μg mL−1. Meanwhile, satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 95 to 108%. Oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline and most of the coexisting substances showed no obvious interference indicating that the CDs-MIP probe exhibited high selectivity due to the presence of imprinted sites. Charge transfer from CDs-MIPs to TC may be through the mechanism of fluorescence quenching. This work gives a feasible strategy for the synthesis of N-doped carbon dot based molecularly imprinted polymers used as a fluorescent sensor in the food analysis field. A novel fluorescent probe based on MIP coupled with N-doped CDs was prepared and used for sensitive recognition of tetracycline.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xumei Bao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging & Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhonghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guowei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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