1
|
Lykouras M, Papaspyridakou P, Makri OE, Georgakopoulos CD, Orkoula MG. Development of Analytical Method for the Quantitation of Monoclonal Antibodies Solutions via Raman Spectroscopy: The Case of Bevacizumab. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:446. [PMID: 38675406 PMCID: PMC11055105 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized dosages of monoclonal antibodies are being used more regularly to treat various diseases, rendering their quantitation more essential than ever for the right dose administration to the patients. A promising alternative, which overcomes the obstacles of the well-established chromatographic techniques regarding the quantification of biopharmaceuticals, is Raman spectroscopy. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel analytical method for the quantitation of bevacizumab in solutions via Raman spectroscopy. For this purpose, a droplet of the solution was left to dry on a highly reflective carrier and a home-made apparatus was employed for rotation of the sample. Hence, each recorded Raman spectrum was the average of the signal acquired simultaneously from multiple points on a circular circumference. The method was validated, and the detection limit of the antibody was found to be 1.06 mg/mL. Bevacizumab was found to be highly distributed at the formed coffee ring of the dried droplet, though this was a function of solution concentration. Finally, Raman spectra at different distances on the coffee ring were obtained from the four quarters. The lowest bevacizumab detection limit was found at a distance of 75 μm from the external side of the coffee ring and it was determined to be equal to 0.53 mg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michail Lykouras
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (ICE-HT/FORTH), GR-26504 Platani, Achaias, Greece;
| | | | - Olga E. Makri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Patras, Medical School, GR-26500 Rio, Achaias, Greece; (O.E.M.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Constantine D. Georgakopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Patras, Medical School, GR-26500 Rio, Achaias, Greece; (O.E.M.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Malvina G. Orkoula
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR-26504 Rio, Achaias, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reinert T, Gahoual R, Mignet N, Kulus A, Allez M, Houzé P, François YN. Simultaneous quantification and structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies after administration using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115446. [PMID: 37209497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are demonstrating major success in various therapeutic areas such as oncology and the treatment of immune disorders. Over the past two decades, novel analytical methodologies allowed to address the challenges of mAbs characterization in the context of their production. However, after administration only their quantification is performed and insights regarding their structural evolution remain limited. For instance, clinical practice has recently highlighted significant inter-patient differences in mAb clearance and unexpected clinical responses, without providing alternative interpretations. Here, we report the development of a novel analytical strategy based on capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) for the simultaneous absolute quantification and structural characterization of infliximab (IFX) in human serum. CE-MS/MS quantification was validated over the range 0.4-25 µg·mL-1 corresponding to the IFX therapeutic window and achieved a LOQ of 0.22 µg·mL-1 (1.5 nM) while demonstrating outstanding specificity compared to the ELISA assay. CE-MS/MS allowed structural characterization and estimation of the relative abundance of the six major N-glycosylations expressed by IFX. In addition, the results allowed characterization and determination of the level of modification of post-translational modifications (PTMs) hotspots including deamidation of 4 asparagine and isomerization of 2 aspartate. Concerning N-glycosylation and PTMs, a new normalization strategy was developed to measure the variation of modification levels that occur strictly during the residence time of IFX in the patient's system, overcoming artefactual modifications induced by sample treatment and/or storage. The CE-MS/MS methodology was applied to the analysis of samples from patients with Crohn's disease. The data identified a gradual deamidation of a particular asparagine residue located in the complementary determining region that correlated with IFX residence time, while the evolution of IFX concentration showed significant variability among patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Reinert
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France; Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Kulus
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Inserm, U1160 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA,70113th Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA,Corresponding author. RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Legrand P, Dufaÿ S, Mignet N, Houzé P, Gahoual R. Modeling study of long-term stability of the monoclonal antibody infliximab and biosimilars using liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and size-exclusion chromatography-multi-angle light scattering. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:179-192. [PMID: 36449030 PMCID: PMC9709354 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a dynamic class of biopharmaceutical products, as evidenced by an increasing number of market authorizations for mAb innovator and biosimilar products. Stability studies are commonly performed during product development, for instance, to exclude unstable molecules, optimize the formulation or determine the storage limit. Such studies are time-consuming, especially for mAbs, because of their structural complexity which requires multiple analytical techniques to achieve a detailed characterization. We report the implementation of a novel methodology based on the accelerated stability assessment program (ASAP) in order to model the long-term stability of mAbs in relation to different structural aspects. Stability studies of innovator infliximab and two different biosimilars were performed using forced degradation conditions alongside in-use administration conditions in order to investigate their similarity regarding stability. Thus, characterization of post-translational modifications was achieved using liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and the formation of aggregates and free chain fragments was characterized using size-exclusion chromatography-multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS-UV/RI) analysis. Consequently, ASAP models were investigated with regard to free chain fragmentation of mAbs concomitantly with N57 deamidation, located in the hypervariable region. Comparison of ASAP models and the long-term stability data from samples stored in intravenous bags demonstrated a relevant correlation, indicating the stability of the mAbs. The developed methodology highlighted the particularities of ASAP modeling for mAbs and demonstrated the possibility to independently consider the different types of degradation pathways in order to provide accurate and appropriate prediction of the long-term stability of this type of biomolecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Legrand
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France.
- Département Recherche Et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale Des Equipements Et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Dufaÿ
- Département Recherche Et Développement Pharmaceutique, Agence Générale Des Equipements Et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin L. Differentiation and verification of monoclonal antibody therapeutics by integrating accurate mass analyses at intact, subunit and subdomain levels for forensic investigation. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Ling J, Zheng L, Xu M, Chen G, Wang X, Mao D, Shao H. Extreme Point Sort Transformation Combined With a Long Short-Term Memory Network Algorithm for the Raman-Based Identification of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Chem 2022; 10:887960. [PMID: 35494658 PMCID: PMC9043956 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.887960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a new generation of protein-based medicines that are usually expensive and thus represent a target for counterfeiters. In the present study, a method based on Raman spectroscopy that combined extreme point sort transformation with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network algorithm was presented for the identification of therapeutic mAbs. A total of 15 therapeutic mAbs were used in this study. An in-house Raman spectrum dataset for model training was created with 1,350 spectra. The characteristic region of the Raman spectrum was reduced in dimension and then transformed through an extreme point sort transformation into a sequence array, which was fitted for the LSTM network. The characteristic array was extracted from the sequence array using a well-trained LSTM network and then compared with standard spectra for identification. To demonstrate whether the present algorithm was better, ThermoFisher OMNIC 8.3 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., U.S.) with two matching modes was selected for comparison. Finally, the present method was successfully applied to identify 30 samples, including 15 therapeutic mAbs and 15 other injections. The characteristic region was selected from 100 to 1800 cm−1 of the full spectrum. The optimized dimensional values were set from 35 to 53, and the threshold value range was from 0.97 to 0.99 for 15 therapeutic mAbs. The results of the robustness test indicated that the present method had good robustness against spectral peak drift, random noise and fluorescence interference from the measurement. The areas under the curve (AUC) values of the present method that were analysed on the full spectrum and analysed on the characteristic region by the OMNIC 8.3 software’s built-in method were 1.000, 0.678, and 0.613, respectively. The similarity scores for 15 therapeutic mAbs using OMNIC 8.3 software in all groups compared with that of the relative present algorithm group had extremely remarkable differences (p < 0.001). The results suggested that the extreme point sort transformation combined with the LSTM network algorithm enabled the characteristic extraction of the therapeutic mAb Raman spectrum. The present method is a proposed solution to rapidly identify therapeutic mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ling
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Luxia Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Analysis of Chemical Drug Preparations, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Danzhuo Mao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Analysis of Chemical Drug Preparations, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Shao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Shao,
| |
Collapse
|