1
|
Toudeshkchouei MG, Abdoos H. Magnetic nanoparticles fabricated/integrated with microfluidics for biological applications: A review. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:13. [PMID: 38270676 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential in biological applications, such as cell and biomolecular sorting, as well as early detection of metastatic cancer. Among these materials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) stand out for their easy functionalization, high specific surface area, chemical stability, and superparamagnetic properties. However, conventional fabrication methods can lead to inconsistencies in MNPs' characteristics and performance, highlighting the need for a cost-effective, controllable, and reproducible synthesis approach. In this review, we will discuss the utilization of microfluidic technology as a cutting-edge strategy for the continuous and regulated synthesis of MNPs. This approach has proven effective in producing MNPs with a superior biomedical performance by offering precise control over particle size, shape, and surface properties. We will examine the latest research findings on developing and integrating MNPs synthesized through continuous microfluidic processes for a wide range of biological applications. By providing an overview of the current state of the field, this review aims to showcase the advantages of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of MNPs, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize diagnostic and therapeutic methods within the realm of biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Abdoos
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jarrah R, Nathani KR, Bhandarkar S, Ezeudu CS, Nguyen RT, Amare A, Aljameey UA, Jarrah SI, Bhandarkar AR, Fiani B. Microfluidic 'brain-on chip' systems to supplement neurological practice: development, applications and considerations. Regen Med 2023; 18:413-423. [PMID: 37125510 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the greatest general challenges in bioengineering is to mimic human physiology. Advanced efforts in tissue engineering have led to sophisticated 'brain-on-chip' (BoC) microfluidic devices that can mimic structural and functional aspects of brain tissue. BoC may be used to understand the biochemical pathways of neurolgical pathologies and assess promising therapeutic agents for facilitating regenerative medicine. We evaluated the potential of microfluidic BoC devices in various neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer's, glioblastoma, traumatic brain injury, stroke and epilepsy. We also discuss the principles, limitations and future considerations of BoC technology. Results suggest that BoC models can help understand complex neurological pathologies and augment drug testing efforts for regenerative applications. However, implementing organ-on-chip technology to clinical practice has some practical limitations that warrant greater attention to improve large-scale applicability. Nevertheless, they remain to be versatile and powerful tools that can broaden our understanding of pathophysiological and therapeutic uncertainties to neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jarrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Shaan Bhandarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chibuze S Ezeudu
- Texas A&M School of Medicine,Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Ryan T Nguyen
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Abrham Amare
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Usama A Aljameey
- Lincoln Memorial University DeBusk School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Sabrina I Jarrah
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cornell Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prabowo BA, Sousa C, Cardoso S, Freitas P, Fernandes E. Labeling on a Chip of Cellular Fibronectin and Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 in Human Serum. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1722. [PMID: 36296077 PMCID: PMC9611906 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic chip for protein labeling in the human serum-based matrix. Serum is a complex sample matrix that contains a variety of proteins, and a matrix is used in many clinical tests. In this study, the device performance was tested using commercial serum samples from healthy donors spiked with the following target proteins: cellular fibronectin (c-Fn) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). The microfluidic molds were fabricated using micro milling on acrylic and using stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing for an alternative method and comparison. A simple quality control was performed for both fabrication mold methods to inspect the channel height of the chip that plays a critical role in the labeling process. The fabricated microfluidic chip shows a good reproducibility and repeatability of the performance for the optimized channel height of 150 µm. The spiked proteins of c-Fn and MMP9 in the human serum-based matrix, were successfully labeled by the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The biomarker labeling occurring in the serum was compared using a simple matrix sample: phosphate buffer. The measured signals obtained by using a magnetoresistive (MR) biochip platform showed that the labeling using the proposed microfluidic chip is in good agreement for both matrixes, i.e., the analytical performance (sensitivity) obtained with the serum, near the relevant cutoff values, is within the uncertainty of the measurements obtained with a simple and more controlled matrix: phosphate buffer. This finding is promising for stroke patient stratification where these biomarkers are found at high concentrations in the serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carole Sousa
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC-MN– Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies,1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anshori I, Lukito V, Adhawiyah R, Putri D, Harimurti S, Rajab TLE, Pradana A, Akbar M, Syamsunarno MRAA, Handayani M, Purwidyantri A, Prabowo BA. Versatile and Low-Cost Fabrication of Modular Lock-and-Key Microfluidics for Integrated Connector Mixer Using a Stereolithography 3D Printing. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081197. [PMID: 36014119 PMCID: PMC9413493 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a low-cost and simple method to fabricate a novel lock-and-key mixer microfluidics using an economic stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printer, which costs less than USD 400 for the investment. The proposed study is promising for a high throughput fabrication module, typically limited by conventional microfluidics fabrications, such as photolithography and polymer-casting methods. We demonstrate the novel modular lock-and-key mixer for the connector and its chamber modules with optimized parameters, such as exposure condition and printing orientation. In addition, the optimization of post-processing was performed to investigate the reliability of the fabricated hollow structures, which are fundamental to creating a fluidic channel or chamber. We found out that by using an inexpensive 3D printer, the fabricated resolution can be pushed down to 850 µm and 550 µm size for squared- and circled-shapes, respectively, by the gradual hollow structure, applying vertical printing orientation. These strategies opened up the possibility of developing straightforward microfluidics platforms that could replace conventional microfluidics mold fabrication methods, such as photolithography and milling, which are costly and time consuming. Considerably cheap commercial resin and its tiny volume employed for a single printing procedure significantly cut down the estimated fabrication cost to less than 50 cents USD/module. The simulation study unravels the prominent properties of the fabricated devices for biological fluid mixers, such as PBS, urine and plasma blood. This study is eminently prospective toward microfluidics application in clinical biosensing, where disposable, low-cost, high-throughput, and reproducible chips are highly required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isa Anshori
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (V.L.); (R.A.); (D.P.); (S.H.); (T.L.E.R.)
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Vincent Lukito
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (V.L.); (R.A.); (D.P.); (S.H.); (T.L.E.R.)
| | - Rafita Adhawiyah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (V.L.); (R.A.); (D.P.); (S.H.); (T.L.E.R.)
| | - Delpita Putri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (V.L.); (R.A.); (D.P.); (S.H.); (T.L.E.R.)
| | - Suksmandhira Harimurti
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (V.L.); (R.A.); (D.P.); (S.H.); (T.L.E.R.)
| | - Tati Latifah Erawati Rajab
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (V.L.); (R.A.); (D.P.); (S.H.); (T.L.E.R.)
| | - Arfat Pradana
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Mohammad Akbar
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran and Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | | | - Murni Handayani
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia; (M.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnes Purwidyantri
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia; (M.H.); (A.P.)
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Briliant Adhi Prabowo
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia; (M.H.); (A.P.)
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (B.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|