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Wang Y, Kong H, Chen R, Xu Z, Zhou P, Zhan Y, Huang W, Cheng H, Li L, Feng J. Determination of Aminophylline in Human Serum Using Hydrogel Microspheres for Coupled Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Solid-Phase Extraction. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:551-560. [PMID: 38389424 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241233016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Aminophylline (AMP) is a bronchodilator. The therapeutic and toxic doses are very close. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AMP is essential in clinical practice. Microgels were synthesized by free radical precipitation polymerization. Silver@poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (Ag@PNIPAM) hybrid microgels were obtained by loading silver (Ag) nanoparticles into the three-dimensional network of the microgels by in situ reduction. The microgel is a three-dimensional reticular structure with tunable pore size, large specific surface area, and good biocompatibility, which can be used as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of target molecules in complex matrices and as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. We optimized the conditions affecting SERS enhancement, such as silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration and SPE time, according to the SERS strategy of Ag@PNIPAM hybrid microgels to achieve label-free TDM for trace AMP in human serum. The results showed good linearity between the logarithmic concentration of AMP and its SERS intensity in the range of 1-1.1 × 102 µg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9947 and a low detection limit of 0.61 µg/mL. The assay accuracy was demonstrated by spiking experiments, with recoveries ranging from 93.0 to 101.8%. The method is rapid, sensitive, reproducible, requires simple sample pretreatment, and has good potential for use in clinical treatment drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongxing Kong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruijue Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaqin Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
- Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
- Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
- Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Faculty of Medicine/College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, China
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Feng J, Zhou P, Qin C, Chen R, Chen Q, Li L, Chen J, Cheng H, Huang W, Cao J. Magnetic solid-phase extraction-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for label-free therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine and clozapine in human serum. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123924. [PMID: 38262293 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Determination of antiepileptic drugs and antipsychotics in human serum is significant in individualized drug administration and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In this study, we developed a rapid label-free TDM method for the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and the antipsychotic clozapine (CLO) in human serum. This detection strategy is based on the combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). Initially, Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) nanocomposites were synthesized by the layer-by-layer self-assembly method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, ultraviolet-visible, and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Subsequently, CBZ and CLO were detected in human serum using Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) as the solid-phase extraction adsorbent and Ag nanoparticles as SERS substrates. The potential of the MSPE-SERS method for the label-free TDM of CBZ and CLO was then investigated. Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) prevents magnetic particle aggregation and demonstrates rapid magnetic separation capability that simplifies the pretreatment process and reduces interference from complex matrices. Its large surface area can effectively enrich targets in complex matrices, thereby improving the SERS detection sensitivity. The linearity between CBZ and CLO was excellent over the concentration range of 0.1-100 µg/mL (calculated as the intensity of the SERS characteristic peaks of CBZ and CLO at 728 cm and 1054 cm-1, respectively), with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9987 and 0.9957, and detection limits of 0.072 and 0.12 µg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of CBZ with CLO ranged from 94.0 % to 105.0 %, and their relative standard deviations were <6.8 %. Compared to other assays, the developed MSPE-SERS method has the advantages of simple sample pretreatment, rapid detection, and good reproducibility, which provides a novel approach for the TDM of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chunli Qin
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ruijue Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qiying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jinru Cao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Diagnostics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan 523200, Guangdong, PR China.
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