1
|
Liu Z, Yuan Z, Hu W, Chen Z. Electrochemically deposition of metal-organic framework onto carbon fibers for online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
2
|
|
3
|
Souza ID, Anderson JL, Queiroz MEC. Crosslinked zwitterionic polymeric ionic liquid-functionalized nitinol wires for fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction and UHPLC-MS/MS as an amyloid beta peptide binding protein assay in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
4
|
Souza ID, Oliveira IGC, Queiroz MEC. Innovative extraction materials for fiber-in-tube solid phase microextraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1165:238110. [PMID: 33975700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction (fiber-in-tube SPME) with short capillary longitudinally packed with fine fibers as extraction device allows direct coupling to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems to determine weakly volatile or thermally labile compounds. This technique associates the advantages of miniaturized and analytical on-line systems. Major achievements include the use of different capillaries (fused-silica, copper, stainless steel, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)) that are packed with neat fibers (Zylon®, silk, or Kevlar 29®) or fibers (stainless steel, basalt, or carbon) functionalized with selective coatings (aerogels, ionic liquids (ILs), polymeric ionic liquids (PILs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), or conducting polymer). This review outlines the fundamental theory and the innovative extraction materials for fiber-in-tube SPME-HPLC systems and highlights their main applications in environmental and bioanalyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel D Souza
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor G C Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia C Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan Z, Zhou W, Chen Z. Flower‐like layered double hydroxide‐modified stainless‐steel fibers for online in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of Sudan dyes. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1316-1322. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaicheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationHubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticalsand Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10080 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationHubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticalsand Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationHubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticalsand Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10080 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sample preparation for the analysis of drugs in biological fluids. HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64066-6.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
8
|
SUMIYA O, TAZAWA T, NAKAGAMI K, SHIRAI Y, MORIUCHI K, UETA I, SAITO Y. Spherical Polyimide Particles as a Novel Stationary Phase in Liquid Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ohjiro SUMIYA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Toshiaki TAZAWA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Koki NAKAGAMI
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | | | | | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Shamsayei M. Development of electrochemically controlled packed-in-tube solid phase microextraction method for sensitive analysis of acidic drugs in biological samples. Talanta 2018; 185:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
SUMIYA O, NAKAGAMI K, KOIKE R, UETA I, SAITO Y. Retention Behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in a Novel Polymer-Based Stationary Phase Liquid Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ohjiro SUMIYA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Koki NAKAGAMI
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ryota KOIKE
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
NAKAGAMI K, TAZAWA T, SUMIYA O, UETA I, SAITO Y. Simultaneous Derivatization and Extraction of Volatile Amines with Fiber-Packed Needle and Subsequent Analysis in Gas Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki NAKAGAMI
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Toshiaki TAZAWA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ohjiro SUMIYA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
NAKAGAMI K, SUMIYA O, TAZAWA T, MONOBE T, WATANABE M, UETA I, SAITO Y. Polyimide Filaments as a Novel Stationary Phase in Packed-Capillary Gas Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki NAKAGAMI
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ohjiro SUMIYA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Toshiaki TAZAWA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Tomoya MONOBE
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Mitsuru WATANABE
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lashgari M, Yamini Y. Fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction of caffeine as a molecular tracer in wastewater by electrochemically deposited layered double hydroxide. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2393-2400. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; School of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
SAITO Y, UETA I. Miniaturization for the Development of High Performance Separation Systems. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro SAITO
- Departmentof Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tazawa T, Mori Y, Kobayashi A, Nakane K, Monobe T, Ueta I, Saito Y. Preconcentration of Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Samples with a Polymer-coated Fiber-packed Capillary and Subsequent Temperature-programmed Elution with Water for Pseudo-2D LC Separations. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1137-41. [PMID: 26561257 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A bundle of polymer-coated filaments was successfully introduced as an extraction medium for the preconcentration of an aqueous solution of aromatic compounds. The extraction was simply carried out with pumping the aqueous sample solution to the extraction capillary at ambient temperature. The extracted analytes were sequentially eluted with a flow of pure water using temperature-programmed heating of the extraction capillary in an oven. The results clearly suggest that the polymer-coated fiber-packed capillary could be employed in the sample preparation process for the analysis of various aqueous samples. Introducing the fractions eluted from the fiber-packed capillary to a conventional microcolumn liquid chromatography (micro-LC) system via a home-made valve-based modulator, an on-line coupled extraction/separation system was developed and a possibility to a pseudo-two-dimensional (pseudo-2D) LC separation of aromatic compounds in aqueous matrices has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tazawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Acetone-activated polyimide electrospun nanofiber membrane for thin-film microextraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography–mass spectrometric analysis of phenols in environmental water. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1411:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Microextraction methods for the determination of phthalate esters in liquid samples: A review. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2470-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
18
|
Zaitsev VN, Zui MF. Preconcentration by solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Queiroz M, Melo L. Selective capillary coating materials for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography to determine drugs and biomarkers in biological samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 826:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
UETA I, SAITO Y. Needle-type Extraction Device Designed for Rapid and Sensitive Analysis in Gas Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:105-10. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang S, Song X, Zhang W, Luo N, Cai L. Determination of low urinary 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine excretion with capillary electrophoresis and molecularly imprinted monolith solid phase microextraction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:266-270. [PMID: 23500825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a sensitive biomarker, the level of 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) indicates the extent of DNA oxidative damage of subject. However its determination in human urine is confounded by trace content and a complex matrix. In this study, a new approach of solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to capillary electrophoresis and electrochemical detection was developed with molecularly imprinted monolithic column as extraction sorbent. The tailor made monolith exhibited high extraction efficiency with the enrichment factor 73 for 8-OHdG owing to its special porous structure and inherent selectivity. Under optimal conditions, appreciable sensitivity had been achieved with a limit of detection of 2.61 nmol/L (signal/noise=3) and a limit of quantification of 8.63 nmol/L (signal/noise=10), respectively. As an alternative of precise 8-OHdG determination, wide range linearity had been achieved with 0.01-1.50 μmol/L and RSDs with 3.70% for migration time and 4.80% for peak current (10-1000 nmol/L). 106 samples with relative low extents of DNA oxidative damage were collected and analyzed which including coke plant workers, traffic policemen, taxi drivers and healthy students. Elevated urinary 8-OHdG excretions of subjects may correlate to working condition, occupational exposure, or lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Spietelun A, Kloskowski A, Chrzanowski W, Namieśnik J. Understanding solid-phase microextraction: key factors influencing the extraction process and trends in improving the technique. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1667-85. [PMID: 23273266 DOI: 10.1021/cr300148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Spietelun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu Y, Song C, Li G. Fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction with molecularly imprinted coating for sensitive analysis of antibiotic drugs by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1263:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Nakane K, Shirai S, Saito Y, Moriwake Y, Ueta I, Inoue M, Jinno K. High-temperature separations on a polymer-coated fibrous stationary phase in microcolumn liquid chromatography. ANAL SCI 2012; 27:811-6. [PMID: 21828918 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymer-coated fiber-packed microcolumns in liquid chromatography (LC) have been developed. Typical polymeric materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane and polyethyleneglycol, which are conventional stationary phases of capillary columns in gas chromatography (GC), have been employed as coating materials onto the surface of fine filaments. Packed longitudinally with a bundle of polymer-coated filaments into a stainless-steel capillary of 0.8 mm i.d., 150 mm length, several types of polymer-coated fiber-packed columns were prepared, and the retention behavior of aromatic compounds on these columns has been studied. A good linear relationship was obtained for van't Hoff plots over the temperature range between 0 and 200 °C, clearly indicating an excellent heat-resistant property of these polymer-coated fibrous stationary phases. Taking advantage of the heat-resistant feature of the fibrous stationary phases, the separation of several test mixtures with temperature-programmed elution was studied, where a solvent gradient program was additionally introduced if needed. Separation was also carried out with pure water as the mobile phase using an appropriate temperature program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakane
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Transport of Indium, Gallium and Thallium Metal Ions Through Chromatographic Fiber Supported Solid Membrane in Acetylacetone Containing Mixed Solvents. Chin J Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(11)60077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Lin L, Chen H, Wei H, Wang F, Lin JM. On-chip sample pretreatment using a porous polymer monolithic column for solid-phase microextraction and chemiluminescence determination of catechins in green tea. Analyst 2011; 136:4260-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Fundamentals and applications of needle trap devices: a critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 677:3-18. [PMID: 20850583 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The needle trap device (NTD) is an extraction trap that contains a sorbent inside a small needle, through which fluid can be actively drawn into and out of by a gas-tight syringe or pump, or analytes can be introduced passively to the trap by diffusion. The needle trap (NT) is a potentially solventless sampling technique/sample preparation and introduction device. Both fluid-borne analytes and particles can be trapped inside the needle and then adsorbed analytes are desorbed in an inlet of analytical instrument and introduced for identification and quantification. The fluid may be either gaseous or liquid. The objectives of this critical review are to summarize the theory of the sampling process for both active and passive time-average extraction modes in addition to outlining the evolution of the technology and main applications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kataoka H, Ishizaki A, Nonaka Y, Saito K. Developments and applications of capillary microextraction techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 655:8-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Hii TM, Basheer C, Lee HK. Commercial polymeric fiber as sorbent for solid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7520-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
30
|
Molecularly imprinted monolith in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC/UV detection for determination of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:479-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Ma Q, Chen M, Shi ZG, Feng YQ. Preparation of a poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide-co
-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary and its application for in-tube solid-phase microextrac-tion coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2592-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
32
|
Li T, Xu J, Wu JH, Feng YQ. Liquid-phase deposition of silica nanoparticles into a capillary for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2989-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Ueta I, Saito Y, Ghani NBA, Ogawa M, Yogo K, Abe A, Shirai S, Jinno K. Rapid determination of ethylene oxide with fiber-packed sample preparation needle. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2848-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Liu XY, Ji YS, Zhang HX, Liu MC. Highly sensitive analysis of substituted aniline compounds in water samples by using oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an in-tube solid-phase microextraction medium. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Fiber-packed needle-type sample preparation device designed for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:861-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Wen Y, Feng YQ. Preparation and evaluation of hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1160:90-8. [PMID: 17559862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic capillary was prepared and investigated for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The polymer monolith was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of GMA and EDMA in the presence of dodecanol and toluene as the mixed porogenic solvents. After polymerization, glycidyl groups were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to produce diol groups at the surface of the porous monolith. To investigate the extraction mechanism, several groups of model analytes (including neutral, acidic and basic) were selected to perform extractions. The resulting monolith showed high extraction selectivity towards polar compounds, which resulted from the enhancement of dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions relative to hydrophobic interactions. The equilibrium extraction time profiles were also monitored for those model compounds to assess the extraction capacity of the monolithic capillary. Moreover, the hydroxylated poly(GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic capillary exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and stability. Finally, the in-tube SPME-HPLC method, based on the developed monolithic capillary as the extraction media, was successfully applied to the determination of five polar organic contaminants in lake water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bergström S, Barri T, Norberg J, Jönsson JA, Mathiasson L. Extracting syringe for extraction of phthalate esters in aqueous environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 594:240-7. [PMID: 17586121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of the extracting syringe (ESy), a fully automated membrane-based extraction technique, for analysis of phthalate esters in complex aqueous samples has been investigated. The ESy, working as an autosampler that combines the extraction process and injection into the gas chromatograph (GC) in one single step, is placed on top of the GC equipped with a flame ionisation detector. The aqueous samples are loaded in a tray and automatically extracted by employing microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction principle. After the extraction, the extract is directly injected into the GC's programmable temperature vaporisation injector. Six different phthalate esters were used as model compounds. Four extraction solvents were tested and the addition of sample organic modifier was examined. Toluene was the optimal solvent to use for extraction. Due to the large variation in polarity of phthalate esters, 50% methanol as organic modifier had to be added to the samples so as to extract the most nonpolar phthalate esters; di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and di-n-octylphthalate, whereas the other four relatively polar phthalate esters were extracted from unmodified samples. No significant difference between extraction of river water, leachate water from a landfill and reagent water was noted, except for minor deviations. The extraction time was 20 min for extraction of a 1-mL sample, resulting in a good linearity for all aqueous media investigated, good enrichment factors (54-110 folds) and low LOD values (0.2-10 ng mL(-1)) and relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.; 0.9-3.7%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Bergström
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pragst F. Application of solid-phase microextraction in analytical toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1393-414. [PMID: 17476482 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a miniaturized and solvent-free sample preparation technique for chromatographic-spectrometric analysis by which the analytes are extracted from a gaseous or liquid sample by absorption in, or adsorption on, a thin polymer coating fixed to the solid surface of a fiber, inside an injection needle or inside a capillary. In this paper, the present state of practical performance and of applications of SPME to the analysis of blood, urine, oral fluid and hair in clinical and forensic toxicology is reviewed. The commercial coatings for fibers or needles have not essentially changed for many years, but there are interesting laboratory developments, such as conductive polypyrrole coatings for electrochemically controlled SPME of anions or cations and coatings with restricted-access properties for direct extraction from whole blood or immunoaffinity SPME. In-tube SPME uses segments of commercial gas chromatography (GC) capillaries for highly efficient extraction by repeated aspiration-ejection cycles of the liquid sample. It can be easily automated in combination with liquid chromatography but, as it is very sensitive to capillary plugging, it requires completely homogeneous liquid samples. In contrast, fiber-based SPME has not yet been performed automatically in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. The headspace extractions on fibers or needles (solid-phase dynamic extraction) combined with GC methods are the most advantageous versions of SPME because of very pure extracts and the availability of automatic samplers. Surprisingly, substances with quite high boiling points, such as tricyclic antidepressants or phenothiazines, can be measured by headspace SPME from aqueous samples. The applicability and sensitivity of SPME was essentially extended by in-sample or on-fiber derivatization. The different modes of SPME were applied to analysis of solvents and inhalation narcotics, amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites, cannabinoids, methadone and other opioids, fatty acid ethyl esters as alcohol markers, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, benzodiazepines, various other therapeutic drugs, pesticides, chemical warfare agents, cyanide, sulfide and metal ions. In general, SPME is routinely used in optimized methods for specific analytes. However, it was shown that it also has some capacity for a general screening by direct immersion into urine samples and for pesticides and other semivolatile substance in the headspace mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Pragst
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Charité, Hittorfstr. 18, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ogawa M, Saito Y, Ueta I, Jinno K. Fiber-packed needle for dynamic extraction of aromatic compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:619-25. [PMID: 17393146 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-packed needle was developed as a novel extraction device for gas-chromatographic analysis of trace organic compounds in aqueous samples. In the extraction device, a bundle of the polymer-coated filaments as the sorbent material was longitudinally packed into a specially designed needle. The extraction was made by pumping the aqueous sample solution into the needle extraction device, and the subsequent desorption process was carried out with a flow of desorption solvent through the needle in a heated gas chromatograph injector. The needle device showed an excellent thermal stability for repeated use without any deterioration of extraction performance, and no carryover effect was observed after the optimization of the desorption conditions. Additionally, the extraction efficiency of the fiber-packed needle could be enhanced by optimizing the number of packed filaments. The selectivity for various compounds could be also tuned using an appropriate combination of the fibrous medium and the coating polymer. The relative standard deviation for run to run was from 3.88 to 4.55% (n = 5), and that for needle to needle was 7.21% (n = 3), clearly suggesting a good repeatability of the needle extraction technique developed. Upon successful optimization of the extraction conditions, a rapid extraction of trace organic compounds from an aqueous sample matrix was successfully demonstrated, where each extraction process was completed within 10 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ogawa
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Oliferova LA, Statkus MA, Tsisin GI, Wang J, Zolotov YA. On-line coupling of sorption preconcentration to liquid-chromatographic methods of analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934806050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
Saito Y, Nojiri M, Shimizu Y, Jinno K. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION BEHAVIOR OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON NEWLY-SYNTHESIZED CHITOSAN STATIONARY PHASES CROSS-LINKED WITH LONG ALIPHATIC CHAINS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Saito
- a School of Materials Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nojiri
- a School of Materials Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shimizu
- b Department of Materials Science , The University of Shiga Prefecture , Hikone, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Kiyokatsu Jinno
- a School of Materials Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saito Y, Ueta I, Ogawa M, Jinno K. Simultaneous derivatization/preconcentration of volatile aldehydes with a miniaturized fiber-packed sample preparation device designed for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:725-32. [PMID: 16823567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel in-needle sample preparation device has been developed for the determination of volatile aldehydes in gaseous samples. The needle device is designed for the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of aldehydes and ketones commonly found in typical in-house environments. In order to prepare the extraction device, a bundle of polymer-coated filaments was longitudinally packed into a specially designed needle. Derivatization reactions were prompted by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (NDPH) included in the needle, and so the aldehydes and ketones were derivatized to the corresponding hydrazones and extracted with the extraction needle. A reproducible extraction needle preparation process was established, along with a repeatable derivatization/extraction process that ensures the successful determination of aldehydes. The storage performance of the extraction needle was also evaluated at room temperature for three days. The results demonstrate the successful application of the fiber-packed extraction device to the preparation of a gaseous sample of aldehydes, and the future possibility of applying the extraction device to the analysis of in-house environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Saito
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ogawa M, Saito Y, Imaizumi M, Wada H, Jinno K. Longitudinal Miniaturization of Fiber-Packed Capillary Column in High Temperature Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
45
|
Saito Y, Ueta I, Kotera K, Ogawa M, Wada H, Jinno K. In-needle extraction device designed for gas chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1106:190-5. [PMID: 16443461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel in-needle extraction device has been developed for the preconcentration of gaseous organic compounds prior to the determination in gas chromatography (GC). As the extraction medium, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was synthesized. Based on the results in the preliminary experiments, the desorption conditions such as desorption temperature and time have been optimized along with the evaluation of the extraction efficiency. The storage performance of the needle extraction device was also studied. The results clearly demonstrated the excellent extraction performance for typical organic solvents and also suggested the future possibility such as in the applications for the analysis of working environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Saito
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dietz C, Sanz J, Cámara C. Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction coatings and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1103:183-92. [PMID: 16337213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained widespread acceptance for analyte matrix separation and preconcentration. Relatively few data are currently available dealing with in-house production of fibres with tailor-made properties to be used for SPME, though recently the number of publications evaluating new coatings has been considerably growing. This review, centred on publications that appeared during the last five years, is resuming different approaches which can be used for fibre production and further summarises alternative techniques closely related to SPME, such as in-tube extraction or single-drop microextraction (SDME). The aim is to give the reader a concise overview of recent developments in new coating procedures and materials, including the respective applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dietz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fan Y, Zhang M, Feng YQ. Poly(acrylamide-vinylpyridine-N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide) monolithic capillary for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1099:84-91. [PMID: 16197953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based on a poly(acrylamide-vinylpyridine-N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide) monolithic capillary was investigated and on-line coupled to HPLC for the determination of trace analytes in aqueous samples. The polymer monolith was conveniently synthesized in a fused silica capillary by in situ polymerization method. Several groups of analytes including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenols, non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists and endocrine disrupting chemicals were extracted by the monolithic capillary. High extraction efficiency was achieved for the analytes investigated and great improvement of the limits of detection were obtained in comparison to that of direct chromatographic analysis and strong hydrophobic and ion-exchange interactions between the analytes and the polymer were confirmed. The newly developed monolithic capillary showed excellent reusability and high stability under extreme pH conditions during extraction. The possibility of applying the established method to water sample analysis was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abe A, Saito Y, Imaizumi M, Ogawa M, Takeichi T, Jinno K. Surface derivatization of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber designed for novel separation and extraction media. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:2413-8. [PMID: 16342809 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The surface derivatization of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber was studied. The obtained surface-derivatized filaments were packed into a fused-silica capillary to evaluate its surface characteristics by using GC. As the stationary phase for GC the surface-derivatized fibers showed higher retention for alkanes and alkylbenzenes than that with the untreated Kevlar fiber. The improvements on the retention power and the peak shape were observed on the benzyl-modified fibrous stationary phase. The derivatized fibrous materials were also evaluated as the extraction medium in fiber-in-tube SPE, and the effect of the surface modification on the extraction power was compared to the parent fiber. The results indicated that the modified fiber possessed a higher extraction power than the untreated fiber. Based on the facts, the successful modification of the fiber surface was estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Abe
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wei F, Fan Y, Zhang M, Feng YQ. Poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in-tube solid-phase microextraction applied to simultaneous analysis of some amphetamine derivatives in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3141-50. [PMID: 16041709 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A method based on in-tube solid-phase microextraction and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was proposed for simultaneously determining four amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) in urine. A poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary column, which can provide sufficient extraction efficiency, was introduced for the extraction of amphetamines from urine samples. The hydrophobic main chains and acidic pendant groups of the monolithic column make it a superior material for extraction of basic analytes from aqueous matrix. After extraction, the samples were analyzed by CZE. The best separation was achieved using a buffer composed of 0.1 M disodium hydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1 M hydrochloric acid) and 20% methanol v/v, with a temperature and voltage of 25 degrees C and 20 kV, respectively. By applying electrokinetic injection with field-amplified sample stacking, detection limits of 25-34 microg/L were achieved. Excellent method of reproducibility was found over a linear range of 0.1-5 mg/L. Determination of these analytes from abusers' urine sample was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, HuBei, P. R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fan Y, Feng YQ, Zhang JT, Da SL, Zhang M. Poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography and analysis of amphetamines in urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1074:9-16. [PMID: 15941033 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) based on a poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary column was investigated for the extraction of amphetamine, methamphetamine and their methylenedioxy derivatives. The monolithic capillary column showed high extraction efficiency towards target analytes, which could be attributed to its larger loading amount of extraction phase than conventional open-tubular extraction capillaries and the convective mass transfer procedure provided by its monolithic structure. The extraction mechanism was studied, and the results indicated that the extraction process of the target analytes was involved with hydrophobic interaction and ion-exchange interaction. The polymer monolith in-tube SPME-HPLC system with UV detection was successfully applied to the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and their methylenedioxy derivatives in urine samples, yielding the detection limits of 1.4 - 4.0 ng/mL. Excellent method reproducibility (RSD < 2.9%) was found over a linear range of 0.05-5 microg/mL, and the time for the whole analysis was only approximately 25 min. The monolithic capillary column was reusable in coping with the complicated urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|