The potential of gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission detection (GC-MIP-AED) as a complementary analytical technique in environmental screening analysis of aqueous samples

Effluent analysis in analytical chemistry: an overview

This review summarizes and discusses effluent analysis, focusing on the methods and techniques that have been most frequently described in the literature since 1975. The methods are classified into four main categories: (1) physical and chemical properties; (2) inorganic metals analysis; (3) inorganic non-metallic analysis; (4) organic analysis.

Capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and atomic emission detection for characterization and monitoring chlordimeform degradation in honey

Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary gas chromatography-atomic emission detection have been successfully used to identify and monitor the main degradation products of chlordimeform when this compound is initially present in honey. The analysis of laboratory-spiked honey samples over 28 weeks revealed the occurrence of two degradation products: 4-chloro-o-toluidine (I) and N-formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine (III). During this period the concentration of chlordimeform decreased to 7.5% of its initial value; the concentration of compound I increased gradually whereas compound III was present in a larger proportion and reached a maximum around the 14th week.

On-line packed column supercritical fluid chromatography--microwave-induced plasma atomic emission

Interfacing and evaluation of packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)-microwave-induced plasma atomic emission detection (AED) is described. Via a flow splitter and an integral restrictor, efficient transfer of solutes from column to detector without band broadening is obtained. Variation of CO2 flow-rate during pressure gradients has little influence on both AED signal and baseline drift while it provides similar sensitivity as in capillary SFC. Continuous introduction of CO2 in the plasma reduces the available range of emission domains; nevertheless the region of detection which is free of CO2 interferences allows selective detection of C1 and Br as reported in this paper. reserved.

Preconcentration of contaminants in water analysis

Among the environmental areas, in this review attention will be focused on water matrices and both on organic (e.g., pesticides, herbicides, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), inorganic species and anion pollutants, since these kinds of substances include a wide number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties and different effects on human health. Analytical methods for control of quality of waters are required to be highly specific and possibly highly sensitive for the determination of even low amounts of pollutants. The main problems encountered during the analysis are the separation of matrix components from the pollutants of interest and the achievement of low detection limits. Therefore an overview on different materials and techniques available for sample concentration and/or matrix removal will be provided and discussed according to the chemical characteristics of the pollutant that has to be enriched.

Gas chromatography

This review of the fundamental developments in gas chromatography (GC) includes articles published from 1996 and 1997 and an occasional citation prior to 1996. The literature was reviewed principally using CA Selects for Gas Chromatography from Chemical Abstracts Service, and some significant articles from late 1997 may be missing from the review. In addition, the online SciSearch Database (Institute for Scientific Information) capability was used to abstract review articles or books. As with the prior recent reviews, emphasis has been given to the identification and discussion of selected developments, rather than a presentation of a comprehensive literature search, now available widely through computer-based resources. During the last two years, several themes emerged from a review of the literature. Multidimensional gas chromatography has undergone transformation encompassing a broad range of activity, including attempts to establish methods using chromatographic principles rather than a totally empirical approach. Another trend noted was a comparatively large effort in chromatographic theory through modeling efforts; these presumably became resurgent with inexpensive and powerful computing tools. Finally, an impressive level of activity was noted through the themes highlighted in this review, and this was particularly true with detectors and field instruments.