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Li P, Jia H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Sun H, Wang H, Pan W, Yin F, Yang X. Thermal Extrusion 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Puerarin Immediate-Release Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:20. [PMID: 31820224 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal extrusion (TE) 3D printing is a thermoplastic semisolid-based rapid prototyping process, which is capable of building complex structures. The aim of this study was to manufacture rapid-release puerarin tablets without solvent through TE 3D printing. Novel rapid-release tablets were fabricated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) as the carrier at appropriate puerarin/PEG 4000 ratios, assessed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solubility, and dissolution tests. The novel structures of 3D-printed tablets with five different values were formed by printing paths, which established a flexible way of adjusting in vitro drug release. An obvious acceleration (85% of cumulative release about 7.5 min at the soonest) was observed for the tablets with internal structural design. It was inferred that puerarin formed simple eutectic mixtures with PEG 4000 and that puerarin dispersed into the carrier based on DSC and X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD). This highlights the combined advantage of PEG as a soluble polymer with TE 3D printing and provides a suitable system for rapid puerarin release.
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Polydeoxyribonucleotide Activates Mitochondrial Biogenesis but Reduces MMP-1 Activity and Melanin Biosynthesis in Cultured Skin Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:540-554. [PMID: 31811642 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, melanogenesis, and connective tissue proteins is critical for homeostasis and aging skin cells. We examined the biological effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on mitochondrial biogenesis, melanogenesis, and connective tissue proteins in vitro. In a radical scavenging assay, PDRN showed antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner, and those activities can suppress cellular oxidative stress in skin cells. PDRN directly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity and cellular tyrosinase activity, thus significantly reducing the cellular melanin content in B16-F10 melanocytes. The mRNA and protein expressions of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is a key melanogenic gene transcription factor, were significantly downregulated by PDRN. Accordingly, tyrosinase-related protein 1, dopachrome tautomerase, and tyrosinase, which gene expressions were regulated by MITF, were significantly downregulated by PDRN. Mitotracker-probed mitochondria image analysis suggested that PDRN enhanced mitochondrial density in both murine melanoma cells and in human skin fibroblast cells. In addition, PDRN strongly suppressed in vitro elastase enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene expression in human skin fibroblast cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that PDRN has multiple beneficial biological activities in skin cells: hypopigmentation, induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, and the inhibition of collective tissue proteins.
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Li P, Zhang S, Sun W, Cui M, Wen H, Li Q, Pan W, Yang X. Flexibility of 3D Extruded Printing for a Novel Controlled-Release Puerarin Gastric Floating Tablet: Design of Internal Structure. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:236. [PMID: 31236762 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the development of a novel puerarin gastric floating system with a concentric annular internal pattern by a 3D extrusion-based printing technique and to explore the flexibility of turning the release behavior through the design of the internal structure. The composition consisted of the conventional sustained-release pharmaceutical excipients without addition of foaming agent or light materials. First, the proper alcohol/water proportion was selected for the binding agent. The desired drug release behaviors and good floating properties were obtained either through modification of the formulation composition or adjustment of the internal structure. In vitro, the printed tablets were evaluated for drug release, mechanical properties, lag time, and floating duration time. The in vivo behaviors of the formulations were noted at certain time intervals through assessment of the radiographic pictures of healthy volunteers. The gastric retention time in the 3D-printed tablet was approximately 6 h in vivo. Results indicated these puerarin gastric floating 3D-printed tablets had great potential to achieve good gastric residence time and controlled release. Therefore, 3D extrusion-based printing appears to be appropriate for the production of oral administration systems, owing to its flexibility and the great floating ability and controlled-release capacity of its products.
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Wagle A, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Identifying an isoflavone from the root of Pueraria lobata as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. Food Chem 2018; 276:383-389. [PMID: 30409609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the root of Pueraria lobata are widely used as a functional food. It was observed that a 70% ethanol extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition towards mushroom tyrosinase. Among the different isolated compounds, calycosin demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against substrates l-tyrosine and l-DOPA, with IC50 of 1.45 ± 0.03 and 7.02 ± 0.46 µM, respectively. Conversely, formononetin and daidzein exhibit weak inhibition. Moreover, kinetic studies revealed calycosin to be a competitive inhibitor for both substrates. Additionally, molecular docking simulation showed that the hydroxyl groups at C-3' and C-7 positions interacted with the catalytic site and peripheral residues, demonstrating a higher affinity toward mushroom tyrosinase. Accordingly, our results suggest that, rather than a mono-substituted hydroxyl or methoxyl group, the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-3' and a methoxyl group at C-4' position of the isoflavone skeleton plays an essential role in the manifestation of anti-browning activity in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Wagle
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Wang C, Xu W, Hao W, Wang B, Zheng Q. Alternol inhibits the proliferation and induces the differentiation of the mouse melanoma B16F0 cell line. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1150-6. [PMID: 27278753 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High malignant potential and low susceptibility to treatment are characteristics of malignant melanoma. Alternol, a novel compound purified from microbial fermentation products obtained from the bark of the yew tree, exhibits a variety of antitumor activities. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to extend the knowledge on the antineoplastic effect of alternol in the mouse melanoma B16F0 cell line. Alternol significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of B16F0 cells in a dose-dependent manner as detected by MTT and soft agar colony formation assays. NaOH alkaline lysis and oxidation of Dopa indicated that alternol enhanced the melanin content and tyrosinase activity of the B16F0 cells and results also showed a dose‑response relationship. Morphologic changes accompanied by extended dendrites were discovered in the B16F0 cells after treatment with alternol. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of tyrosinase, Trp1 and Trp2 were increased by alternol. Our results confirmed that alternol possesses marked antineoplastic properties against melanoma cells, indicating that this microbial fermentation product is a promising agent for the differentiation therapy of cancer. The inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation by alternol was associated with both cytotoxicity and induction of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Bingsheng Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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Antimelanogenic effects of the novel melanogenic inhibitors daidzein and equol, derived from soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum strain TWK10, in B16F0 mouse melanoma cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Puerarin: a review of pharmacological effects. Phytother Res 2013; 28:961-75. [PMID: 24339367 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is the major bioactive ingredient isolated from the root of the Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, which is well known as Gegen (Chinese name) in traditional Chinese medicine. As the most abundant secondary metabolite, puerarin was isolated from Gegen in the late 1950s. Since then, its pharmacological properties have been extensively investigated. It is available in common foods and is used in alternative medicine. It has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications, osteonecrosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, endometriosis, and cancer. The beneficial effects of puerarin on the various medicinal purposes may be due to its wide spectrum of pharmacological properties such as vasodilation, cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammation, alleviating pain, promoting bone formation, inhibiting alcohol intake, and attenuating insulin resistance. However, the direct molecular mechanisms and targets remain unclear. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, PR China; Department of Medicinal Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
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Chen YM, Shih TW, Chiu CP, Pan TM, Tsai TY. Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented soy milk on melanogenesis in B16F0 melanocytes. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Isoliquiritigenin-induced differentiation in mouse melanoma B16F0 cell line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:534934. [PMID: 23304254 PMCID: PMC3529869 DOI: 10.1155/2012/534934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutical treatment is very limited for malignant melanoma, a highly lethal disease occurs globally. Natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine licorice are attractive in quest new treatments due to their anti-tumor activities. A new dietary flavonoid isoliquiritigenin (ISL) were thus investigated to indentify its anti-melanoma activities on mouse melanoma B16F0 cells in present study. Using biochemical and free radical biological experiments in vitro, we identified the pro-differentiated profiles of ISL and evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during B16F0 cell differentiation. The data showed a strong dose-response relationship between ISL exposure and the characteristics of B16F0 differentiation in terms of morphology changes and melanogenesis. The accumulated intercellular ROS during exposure are necessary to support ISL-induced differentiation, which was proven by additional redox modulators. It was confirmed further by the relative activities of enzymes and genes modulated melanogenesis in ISL-treatments with or without ROS modulators. The tumorigenicity of ISL-treated cells was limited significantly by using the colony formation assay in vitro and an animal model assay in vivo respectively. Our research demonstrated that isoliquiritigenin is a differentiation-inducing agent, and its mechanisms involve ROS accumulation facilitating melanogenesis.
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Lee JH, Cho B, Jun HJ, Seo WD, Kim DW, Cho KJ, Lee SJ. Momilactione B inhibits protein kinase A signaling and reduces tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 expression in melanocytes. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:805-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dual inhibitions of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) ethanolic extract on melanogenesis in B16-F1 murine melanocytes: Inhibition of tyrosinase activity and its gene expression. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Sharma V, Goyal S, Ramawat KG. Increased puerarin biosynthesis during in vitro shoot formation in Pueraria tuberosa grown in growtek bioreactor with aeration. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:87-92. [PMID: 23572998 PMCID: PMC3550563 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin accumulation during shoot cultures in static and liquid medium with or without aeration is described in Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. Maximum shoot induction from nodal explants was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1.13 μM TDZ and 0.25 μM IBA after 4 weeks of growth. Puerarin content was higher in shoot cultures grown in liquid medium as compared to static medium. When shoots were grown in growtek bioreactor with different aeration volume, maximum puerarin content (1484 μg/g DW) was recorded with 20 % v/v aeration which was ~2.3 fold higher than puerarin content recorded in control cultures (cultures grown in growtek without aeration). Aeration requirement for organized (shoot) cultures was different for growth and puerarin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Shaily Goyal
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Kishan G. Ramawat
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
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