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Zhu K, Zeng H, Yue L, Huang J, Ouyang J, Liu Z. The Protective Effects of L-Theanine against Epigallocatechin Gallate-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1121. [PMID: 38611425 PMCID: PMC11011850 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a main bioactive constituent in green tea. Being a redox-active polyphenol, high-dose EGCG exhibits pro-oxidative activity and could cause liver injury. L-theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid in green tea and could provide liver-protective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of L-theanine on EGCG-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 300 mg/kg L-theanine was administrated to ICR mice for 7 days. Then, the acute liver injury model was established through intragastric administration of 1000 mg/kg EGCG. Pretreatment with L-theanine significantly alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by high-dose EGCG through modulation of Nrf2 signaling and glutathione homeostasis. Furthermore, metabolomic results revealed that L-theanine protects mice from EGCG-induced liver injury mainly through the regulation of amino acid metabolism, especially tryptophan metabolism. These findings could provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of L-theanine and highlight the importance of the interactions between dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Hongzhe Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Lin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.)
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Li Z, Huang Z, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X. L-theanine attenuates H 2O 2-induced inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells via inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114561. [PMID: 38438008 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of L-theanine on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells. Results showed that L-theanine reduced H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cells inflammation and apoptosis, and decreased protein phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). The p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) decreased oxidative stress, the protein expression of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB, the H2O2-induced increase in mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory related genes expression and secretion, and tight junction protein related genes expression, which was similar to the effect of L-theanine. In conclusion, L-theanine inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction, eliminated apoptosis, and protected intestinal epithelial barrier damage by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
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Chen X, Chen L, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Huang Z. L-theanine improves intestinal barrier functions by increasing tight junction protein expression and attenuating inflammatory reaction in weaned piglets. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li H, Chen X, Liu W, Liu X. Antioxidant activity of SSeCAHK in HepG2 cells: a selenopeptide identified from selenium-enriched soybean protein hydrolysates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33872-33882. [PMID: 35497303 PMCID: PMC9042330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06539d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is aimed at purifying and identifying selenium (Se)-containing antioxidative peptides from Se-enriched soybean peptides (SSP). In this work, the SSP was separated into five fractions (F1 to F5). Fraction F4, displaying the highest antioxidative activity, was further separated, and sub-fractions F4-1 to F4-5 were selected for antioxidative activity evaluation using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS), and OH− radical scavenging assays. The Se-containing antioxidative peptides with sequence Ser–SeC–Ala–His–Lys (SSeCAHK) were identified in sub-fraction F4-1 and chemically synthesized. This Se-containing pentapeptide showed a preventive effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Pretreating the cells for 2 h with SSeCAHK (0.13–0.50 mg mL−1) induced strong intracellular, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity while preventing a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, SSeCAHK treatment improved H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, demonstrating the significant potential of SSeCAHK as a natural antioxidative functional material for dietary supplementation. Se-containing antioxidative soybean peptides were isolated and identified as SSeCAHK. The SSeCAHK had protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and could be used as a natural food-born antioxidant.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - He Li
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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Mao X, Xiao X, Chen D, Yu B, He J. Tea and Its Components Prevent Cancer: A Review of the Redox-Related Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5249. [PMID: 31652732 PMCID: PMC6862630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide epidemic and represents a major threat to human health and survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in cancer cells, which includes both promoting and inhibiting carcinogenesis. Tea remains one of the most prevalent beverages consumed due in part to its anti- or pro-oxidative properties. The active compounds in tea, particularly tea polyphenols, can directly or indirectly scavenge ROS to reduce oncogenesis and cancerometastasis. Interestingly, the excessive levels of ROS induced by consuming tea could induce programmed cell death (PCD) or non-PCD of cancer cells. On the basis of illustrating the relationship between ROS and cancer, the current review discusses the composition and efficacy of tea including the redox-relative (including anti-oxidative and pro-oxidative activity) mechanisms and their role along with other components in preventing and treating cancer. This information will highlight the basis for the clinical utilization of tea extracts in the prevention or treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Protective effects of new blackberry cultivar MNU-32 extracts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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The Involvement of L-Type Amino Acid Transporters in Theanine Transport. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2230-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Changes in theanine and caffeine contents of black tea with different rolling methods and processing stages. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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