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Tang C, Gómez Ramos MJ, Heffernan A, Kaserzon S, Rauert C, Lin CY, Mueller JF, Wang X. Evaluation and identification of chemical migrants leached from baby food pouch packaging. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139758. [PMID: 37567267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer plastic pouch (MLPP) has an estimated 9% annual increase of market growth. However, the migrants it can introduce to food has not yet been systematically studied. A total of 79 MLPPs for baby food were purchased from major retail outlets in Australia. The methodology for testing chemical migration followed the design of previous studies using four types of selected simulants according to the European Committee Regulation No. 10/2011 method. Four bisphenols and five phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) were detected, including the ones known for endocrine disrupting effect in human. Three intentionally added and 23 non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) were tentatively identified through a suspect screening procedure. Out of the 23 NIAS, neopentyl glycol - phthalic acid - 1,6-hexanediol - phthalic acid oligomer was identified for the first time with MLPP. A further two NIAS were detected for the first time in baby food related products. For 40% of the pouches where adipic acid - diethylene glycol was detected, the estimated exposure from consuming one pouch of food per day may exceed the threshold of toxicological concern established based on the Cramer classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - María José Gómez Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almería, Carr. Sacramento, S/n, 04120, La Cañada, Almería, Spain.
| | - Amy Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Chun-Yin Lin
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Xianyu Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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Nano clays and its composites for food packaging applications. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Emamhadi MA, Sarafraz M, Akbari M, Thai VN, Fakhri Y, Linh NTT, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Nanomaterials for food packaging applications: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111825. [PMID: 33096197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in food packaging is widely considered during the last two decades. In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted regarding applying nanomaterials such as zinc oxide, clay, silver, carbon nanotube, titanium dioxide, and copper, and copper oxide in food packaging which were summarized in the current study. The employing of nano food packaging increases the physicochemical quality of food (color, flavor, moisture content, weight, bioavailability, and texture) and reduces the microbial load by cell-membrane function, Trojan-horse, and reactive oxygen mechanisms while they improve the barrier/mechanical properties of food packaging. Although nano food packaging has many advantages for public health, the associated toxicity due to migration, especially in acidic conditions, is considerable. Further studies regarding the advantages and disadvantages of this technique are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Emamhadi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Sarafraz
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Akbari
- Department of Eye, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Design of active electrospun mats with single and core-shell structures to achieve different curcumin release kinetics. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Anukiruthika T, Sethupathy P, Wilson A, Kashampur K, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Multilayer packaging: Advances in preparation techniques and emerging food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1156-1186. [PMID: 33331690 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with advantages of versatility, functionality, and convenience, multilayer food packaging has gained significant interest. As a single entity, multilayer packaging combines the benefits of each monolayer in terms of enhanced barrier properties, mechanical integrity, and functional properties. Of late, apart from conventional approaches such as coextrusion and lamination, concepts of nanotechnology have been used in the preparation of composite multilayer films with improved physical, chemical, and functional characteristics. Further, emerging techniques such as ultraviolet and cold plasma treatments have been used in manufacturing films with enhanced performance through surface modifications. This work provides an up-to-date review on advancements in the preparation of multilayer films for food packaging applications. This includes critical considerations in design, risk of interaction between the package and the food, mathematical modeling and simulation, potential for scale-up, and costs involved. The impact of in-package processing is also explained considering cases of nonthermal processing and advanced thermal processing. Importantly, challenges associated with degradability and recycling multilayer packages and associated implications on sustainability have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Anukiruthika
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka Sethupathy
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anila Wilson
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiran Kashampur
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyan Arthur Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Peng X, Fu H, Hu J, Luo F. Investigation on mercury migration discipline in different paper-plastic food packaging containers. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1186-1192. [PMID: 32175602 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the migration of mercury from packaging materials to food stuffs is the prerequisite for the development of food safety regulations. In this article, the migration of mercury from food paper-plastic packaging containers to four food stimulants under different migrated temperatures is studied. The results show that the mobility and the maximum migration volume of mercury increase at certain temperatures when the migration time is extended. It is also noted that the time to reach equilibrium is reduced as the temperature increases. Meanwhile, different solvents appear various different while the rates of migration are 3% acetic acid >10% ethanol >20% ethanol >50% ethanol. But they show the same trend at the different temperatures. Our data suggest that different solvents, temperatures, and food stimulants affect the migration rates, and ameliorate those conditions will reduce migration and promote food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Hongjun Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
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Development of Bilayer Biodegradable Composites Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals with Antioxidant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121945. [PMID: 31779266 PMCID: PMC6960804 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in the development of novel biodegradable composites has increased over last years, and multilayer composites allow the design of materials with functionality and improved properties. In this work, bilayer structures based on a coated zein layer containing quercetin and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) over an extruded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) layer were developed and characterized. Bilayer composites were successfully obtained and presented a total thickness of approx. 90 µm. The coated zein layer and quercetin gave a yellowish tone to the composites. The incorporation of the zein layer containing CNC decreased the volatile release rate during thermal degradation. Regarding to mechanical properties, bilayer composites presented lower brittleness and greater ductility evidenced by a lower Young’s modulus and higher elongation values. Water permeability values of bilayer composites greatly increased with humidity and the zein coated layer containing quercetin increased this effect. Experimental data of quercetin release kinetics from bilayer structures indicated a higher release for an alcoholic food system, and the incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals did not influence the quercetin diffusion process.
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Enescu D, Cerqueira MA, Fucinos P, Pastrana LM. Recent advances and challenges on applications of nanotechnology in food packaging. A literature review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110814. [PMID: 31520669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology applied to food and beverage packaging has created enormous interest in recent years, but in the same time there are many controversial issues surrounding nanotechnology and food. The benefits of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in food-contact applications are accompanied by safety concerns due to gaps in understanding of their possible toxicology. In case of incorporation in food contact polymers, the first step to consumer exposure is the transfer of ENPs from the polymer to the food. Hence, to improve understanding of risk and benefit, the key questions are whether nanoparticles can be released from food contact polymers and under which conditions. This review has two main goals. Firstly, it will presents the current advancements in the application of ENPs in food and beverage packaging sector to grant active and intelligent properties. A particular focus will be placed on current demands in terms of risk assessment strategies associated with the use ENPs in food contact materials (FCMs), i.e. up-to-date migration/cytotoxicity studies of ENPs which are partly contradictory. Food matrix effects are often ignored, and may have a pronounced impact on the behaviour of ENPs in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A standardized food model (SFM) for evaluating the toxicity and fate of ingested ENPs was recently proposed and herein discussed with the aims to offer an overview to the reader. It is therefore clear that further systematic research is needed, which must account for interactions and transformations of ENMs in foods (food matrix effect) and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that are likely to determine nano-biointeractions. Secondly, the review provides an extensive analysis of present market dynamics on ENPs in food/beverage packaging moving beyond concept to current industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Enescu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department Life Sciences, Research Unit: Nano4Food/Food Processing, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department Life Sciences, Research Unit: Nano4Food/Food Processing, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pablo Fucinos
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department Life Sciences, Research Unit: Nano4Food/Food Processing, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department Life Sciences, Research Unit: Nano4Food/Food Processing, Av. Mestre Jose Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
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Soleimani J, Ghanbarzadeh B, Dehghannya J, Baheri Islami S, Sorouraddin S. Comparative Numerical Study of Titanium and Silver Nano-particles Migration from Nano-composite of Polystyrene into Simulants on Experimental Data Basis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNano-titanium dioxide and nano-silver combined with polystyrene granules to form a nano-composite film. Migration assess were performed by using food simulants 3% acetic acid (indicative acidic food) and 95% ethanol (indicative fatty food) at 40°C on different times of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. It was found that nanoparticle migration rate in acidic food was higher than fatty food. Diffusion coefficients of nanoparticles into simulants were estimated by inverse simulation of the migration process using finite-element method and experimental data of varied concentration. Simulation revealed an acceptable consistency between experimental data and predicted values. The numerical results indicated that the greatest diffusion coefficient was obtained by nano-titanium (2.8E-10 to 4.1E-9 m2s−1) in the 3% acetic acid. Results of concentration distribution confirmed a higher release rate and more uniformed distribution of nanoparticles for nano-titanium in the 3% acetic acid. It also found that in the migration process the diffusion coefficient is more important than the amount of nanoparticles concentration.
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Rojas A, Torres A, Martínez F, Salazar L, Villegas C, Galotto MJ, Guarda A, Romero J. Assessment of kinetic release of thymol from LDPE nanocomposites obtained by supercritical impregnation: Effect of depressurization rate and nanoclay content. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Torres A, Ilabaca E, Rojas A, Rodríguez F, Galotto MJ, Guarda A, Villegas C, Romero J. Effect of processing conditions on the physical, chemical and transport properties of polylactic acid films containing thymol incorporated by supercritical impregnation. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Goñi ML, Gañán NA, Herrera JM, Strumia MC, Andreatta AE, Martini RE. Supercritical CO2 iof LDPE films with terpene ketones as biopesticides against corn weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chang N, Zhang CH, Zheng FE, Huang YL, Zhu JY, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Ji SJ. Migration of toluene through different plastic laminated films into food simulants. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Supercritical impregnation and kinetic release of 2-nonanone in LLDPE films used for active food packaging. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Experimental and theoretical study of bisphenol A migration from polycarbonate into regulated EU food simulant. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Huang JY, Chieng YY, Li X, Zhou W. Experimental and Mathematical Assessment of Migration from Multilayer Food Packaging Containing a Novel Clay/Polymer Nanocomposite. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rodríguez FJ, Torres A, Peñaloza Á, Sepúlveda H, Galotto MJ, Guarda A, Bruna J. Development of an antimicrobial material based on a nanocomposite cellulose acetate film for active food packaging. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:342-53. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.876105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Torres A, Romero J, Macan A, Guarda A, Galotto MJ. Near critical and supercritical impregnation and kinetic release of thymol in LLDPE films used for food packaging. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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