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Lee HJ, Park BR, Chewaka LS. A Comparative Study of Composition and Soluble Polysaccharide Content between Brewer's Spent Yeast and Cultured Yeast Cells. Foods 2024; 13:1567. [PMID: 38790867 PMCID: PMC11121356 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeast, crucial in beer production, holds great potential owing to its ability to transform into a valuable by-product resource, known as brewer's spent yeast (BSY), with potentially beneficial physiological effects. This study aimed to compare the composition and soluble polysaccharide content of Brewer's spent yeast with those of cultured yeast strains, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and S. boulardii (SB), to facilitate the utilization of BSY as an alternative source of functional polysaccharides. BSY exhibited significantly higher carbohydrate content and lower crude protein content than SC and SB cells. The residues recovered through autolysis were 53.11%, 43.83%, and 44.99% for BSY, SC, and SB, respectively. Notably, the polysaccharide content of the BSY residue (641.90 μg/mg) was higher than that of SC (553.52 μg/mg) and SB (591.56 μg/mg). The yields of alkali-extracted water-soluble polysaccharides were 33.62%, 40.76%, and 42.97% for BSY, SC, and SB, respectively, with BSY comprising a comparable proportion of water-soluble saccharides made with SC and SB, including 49.31% mannan and 20.18% β-glucan. Furthermore, BSY demonstrated antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ABTS, and DPPH scavenging potential, suggesting its ability to mitigate oxidative stress. BSY also exhibited a significantly higher total phenolic compound content, indicating its potential to act as an effective functional food material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Legesse Shiferaw Chewaka
- Department of Agro-Food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.L.); (B.-R.P.)
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2
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Sousa P, Tavares-Valente D, Pereira CF, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Azevedo-Silva J, Madureira R, Ramos ÓL, Pintado M, Fernandes J, Amorim M. Circular economyeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a sustainable source of glucans and its safety for skincare application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130933. [PMID: 38508554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glucans, a polysaccharide naturally present in the yeast cell wall that can be obtained from side streams generated during the fermentation process, have gained increasing attention for their potential as a skin ingredient. Therefore, this study focused on the extraction method to isolate and purify water-insoluble glucans from two different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: an engineered strain obtained from spent yeast in an industrial fermentation process and a wild strain produced through lab-scale fermentation. Two water-insoluble extracts with a high glucose content (> 90 %) were achieved and further subjected to a chemical modification using carboxymethylation to improve their water solubility. All the glucans' extracts, water-insoluble and carboxymethylated, were structurally and chemically characterized, showing almost no differences between both yeast-type strains. To ensure their safety for skin application, a broad safety assessment was undertaken, and no cytotoxic effect, immunomodulatory capacity (IL-6 and IL-8 regulation), genotoxicity, skin sensitization, and impact on the skin microbiota were observed. These findings highlight the potential of glucans derived from spent yeast as a sustainable and safe ingredient for cosmetic and skincare formulations, contributing to the sustainability and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pinto-Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar L Ramos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Schiavone M, François JM, Zerbib D, Capp JP. Emerging relevance of cell wall components from non-conventional yeasts as functional ingredients for the food and feed industry. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100603. [PMID: 37840697 PMCID: PMC10568300 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-conventional yeast species, or non-Saccharomyces yeasts, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in fermented foods. Many of them exhibit probiotic characteristics that are mainly due to direct contacts with other cell types through various molecular components of their cell wall. The biochemical composition and/or the molecular structure of the cell wall components are currently considered the primary determinant of their probiotic properties. Here we first present the techniques that are used to extract and analyze the cell wall components of food industry-related non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We then review the current understanding of the cell wall composition and structure of each polysaccharide from these yeasts. Finally, the data exploring the potential beneficial role of their cell wall components, which could be a source of innovative functional ingredients, are discussed. Such research would allow the development of high value-added products and provide the food industry with novel inputs beyond the well-established S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - Jean M. François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), UMS INRAE/INSA/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Zerbib
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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4
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Hawtrey T, New EJ. Molecular probes for fluorescent sensing of metal ions in non-mammalian organisms. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102311. [PMID: 37146433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While metal ions play an important role in the proper functioning of all life, many questions remain unanswered about exactly how different metals contribute to health and disease. The development of fluorescent probes, which respond to metals, has allowed greater understanding of the cellular location, concentration and speciation of metals in living systems, giving a new appreciation of their function. While the focus of studies using these fluorescent tools has largely been on mammalian organisms, there has been relatively little application of these powerful tools to other organisms. In this review, we highlight recent examples of molecular fluorophores, which have been applied to sensing metals in non-mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hawtrey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Liang S, Zhang Y, Lyu L, Wang S, Zhao ZK. Secretory expression of β-1,3-glucomannanase in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides for improved lipid extraction. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 38647878 PMCID: PMC10991151 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids produced by oleaginous yeasts are considered as sustainable sources for the production of biofuels and oleochemicals. The red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides can accumulate lipids to over 70% of its dry cell mass. To facilitate lipid extraction, a recombinant β-1,3-glucomannanase, MAN5C, has been applied to partially breakdown R. toruloides cell wall. In this study, R. toruloides NP11 was engineered for secretory expression of MAN5C to simplify the lipid extraction process. Specifically, a cassette contained a codon-optimized gene MAN5C was integrated into the genome of R. toruloides by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The engineered strain NP11-MAN5C was found with proper expression and secretion of active MAN5C, yet no notable compromise in terms of cell growth and lipid production. When NP11-MAN5C cell cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate without any pretreatment, 20% of total lipids were recovered, 4.3-fold higher than that of the parental strain NP11. When the cells were heat-treated followed by extraction with ethyl acetate in the presence of the culture broth supernatants, up to 93% of total lipids were recovered, confirming beneficial effects of MAN5C produced in situ. This study provides a new strategy to engineer oleaginous yeasts for more viable lipid extraction and down-stream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, China.
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6
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Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts Modified with Probiotic Yeast. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227773. [PMID: 36431874 PMCID: PMC9695562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat sprouts are a source of various nutrients, e.g., antioxidant flavonoids, which have a positive effect on human health. This study analyzed the content of phenolic compounds and assessed their impact on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and dietary fiber in modified buckwheat sprouts. For this purpose, the buckwheat seeds were modified by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. The modified buckwheat sprouts showed a higher content of total phenol compounds (1526 µg/g d.w.) than the control sprouts (951 µg/g d.w.) and seeds (672 µg/g d.w.). As a consequence, a higher antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect were noted. Probiotic-rich sprouts also had the highest content of total dietary fiber and its soluble fraction. A correlation between phenolic compounds and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as dietary fiber, was shown. The interaction between dietary fiber and phenolic compounds affects the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of phenolic compounds in food. The introduction of probiotic yeast into the sprouts had a positive effect on increasing their nutritional value, as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. As a consequence, the nutraceutical potential of the raw material changed, opening a new direction for the use of buckwheat sprouts, e.g., in industry.
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Yammine M, Bray F, Flament S, Picavet A, Lacroix JM, Poilpré E, Mouly I, Rolando C. Reliable Approach for Pure Yeast Cell Wall Protein Isolation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29702-29713. [PMID: 36061670 PMCID: PMC9435031 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast is a fungus presenting a peripheral organelle called the cell wall. The cell wall protects the yeast cell from stress and provides means for communication with the surrounding environment. It has a complex molecular structure, composed of an internal part of cross-linked polysaccharides and an external part of mannoproteins. These latter are very interesting owing to their functional properties, dependent on their molecular features with massive mannosylations. Therefore, the molecular characterization of mannoproteins is a must relying on the optimal isolation and preparation of the cell wall fraction. Multiple methods are well reported for yeast cell wall isolation. The most applied one consists of yeast cell lysis by mechanical disruption. However, applying this classical approach to S288C yeast cells showed considerable contamination with noncell wall proteins, mainly comprising mitochondrial proteins. Herein, we tried to further purify the yeast cell wall preparation by two means: ultracentrifugation and Triton X-100 addition. While the first strategy showed limited outcomes in mitochondrial protein removal, the second strategy showed optimal results when Triton X-100 was added at 5%, allowing the identification of more mannoproteins and significantly enriching their amounts. This promising method could be reliably implemented on the lab scale for identification of mannoproteins and molecular characterization and industrial processes for "pure" cell wall isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Yammine
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse,
l’Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Lesaffre
international, Research and Development department, 77 rue de Menin, F-59520 Marquette-lez-Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse,
l’Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Flament
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse,
l’Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antoine Picavet
- Lesaffre
international, Research and Development department, 77 rue de Menin, F-59520 Marquette-lez-Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lacroix
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8765, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Poilpré
- Lesaffre
international, Research and Development department, 77 rue de Menin, F-59520 Marquette-lez-Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Mouly
- Lesaffre
international, Research and Development department, 77 rue de Menin, F-59520 Marquette-lez-Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse,
l’Analyse et la Protéomique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Shrieking
sixties, 1-3 Allée
Lavoisier, F-59650 Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
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8
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Takalloo Z, Nemati R, Kazemi M, Ghafari H, HasanSajedi R. Acceleration of Yeast Autolysis by Addition of Fatty Acids, Ethanol and Alkaline Protease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3036. [PMID: 36381284 PMCID: PMC9618019 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.282895.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autolysate products from yeast origin are very interesting for food, feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fermentation industries. The lysis process greatly influences the quality and efficiency of the final autolysates. OBJECTIVES Here, we have compared four lysis methods based on autolysis, plasmolysis (with ethanol 1.5% (v/v) and coconut fatty acids 1% (w/w)) and hydrolysis (with alkaline protease 0.4 % (v/w)) on degrading the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficiency of processes was evaluated according to the recovered solid and protein contents, release of intracellular materials, cell viability, microscopy imaging, degree of hydrolysis and electrophoresis studies. RESULTS Results showed that the increased recovered solids and proteins, as well as a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) were obtained for the enzymatic hydrolyzed cells using alkaline protease. SDS-PAGE analysis also confirmed the results. Further, functionality of the final products by agglutination test showed that the hydrolyzed cells could effectively bind pathogenic bacteria compared to the other cell lysates. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this work provides adequate evidence for efficiency of alkaline protease for producing the nutritional cell lysates from baker's S. cerevisiae used in food, feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, this was the first report on using coconut fatty acids and alkaline protease in lysis of baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Takalloo
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robabeh Nemati
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Kazemi
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghafari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Reza HasanSajedi
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Dissection and enhancement of prebiotic properties of yeast cell wall oligosaccharides through metabolic engineering. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Jach ME, Serefko A, Ziaja M, Kieliszek M. Yeast Protein as an Easily Accessible Food Source. Metabolites 2022; 12:63. [PMID: 35050185 PMCID: PMC8780597 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the awareness and willingness of consumers to consume healthy food has grown significantly. In order to meet these needs, scientists are looking for innovative methods of food production, which is a source of easily digestible protein with a balanced amino acid composition. Yeast protein biomass (single cell protein, SCP) is a bioavailable product which is obtained when primarily using as a culture medium inexpensive various waste substrates including agricultural and industrial wastes. With the growing population, yeast protein seems to be an attractive alternative to traditional protein sources such as plants and meat. Moreover, yeast protein biomass also contains trace minerals and vitamins including B-group. Thus, using yeast in the production of protein provides both valuable nutrients and enhances purification of wastes. In conclusion, nutritional yeast protein biomass may be the best option for human and animal nutrition with a low environmental footprint. The rapidly evolving SCP production technology and discoveries from the world of biotechnology can make a huge difference in the future for the key improvement of hunger problems and the possibility of improving world food security. On the market of growing demand for cheap and environmentally clean SCP protein with practically unlimited scale of production, it may soon become one of the ingredients of our food. The review article presents the possibilities of protein production by yeast groups with the use of various substrates as well as the safety of yeast protein used as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Ziaja
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Cicha Street 2a, 35-326 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Current Pretreatment/Cell Disruption and Extraction Methods Used to Improve Intracellular Lipid Recovery from Oleaginous Yeasts. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020251. [PMID: 33513696 PMCID: PMC7910848 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of lipids from oleaginous yeasts involves several stages starting from cultivation and lipid accumulation, biomass harvesting and finally lipids extraction. However, the complex and relatively resistant cell wall of yeasts limits the full recovery of intracellular lipids and usually solvent extraction is not sufficient to effectively extract the lipid bodies. A pretreatment or cell disruption method is hence a prerequisite prior to solvent extraction. In general, there are no recovery methods that are equally efficient for different species of oleaginous yeasts. Each method adopts different mechanisms to disrupt cells and extract the lipids, thus a systematic evaluation is essential before choosing a particular method. In this review, mechanical (bead mill, ultrasonication, homogenization and microwave) and nonmechanical (enzyme, acid, base digestions and osmotic shock) methods that are currently used for the disruption or permeabilization of oleaginous yeasts are discussed based on their principle, application and feasibility, including their effects on the lipid yield. The attempts of using conventional and “green” solvents to selectively extract lipids are compared. Other emerging methods such as automated pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and simultaneous in situ lipid recovery using capturing agents are also reviewed to facilitate the choice of more effective lipid recovery methods.
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12
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Spent Brewer's Yeast as a Source of Insoluble β-Glucans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020825. [PMID: 33467670 PMCID: PMC7829969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of natural regeneration of the environment is exceeded. Residual yeast, the second by-product of brewing is considered to have an important chemical composition. An approach with nutritional potential refers to the extraction of bioactive compounds from the yeast cell wall, such as β-glucans. Concerning the potential food applications with better textural characteristics, spent brewer’s yeast glucan has high emulsion stability and water-holding capacity fitting best as a fat replacer in different food matrices. Few studies demonstrate the importance and nutritional role of β-glucans from brewer’s yeast, and even less for spent brewer’s yeast, due to additional steps in the extraction process. This review focuses on describing the process of obtaining insoluble β-glucans (particulate) from spent brewer’s yeast and provides an insight into how a by-product from brewing can be converted to potential food applications.
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Revealing the Potential of Lipid and β-Glucans Coproduction in Basidiomycetes Yeast. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071034. [PMID: 32668638 PMCID: PMC7409317 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-glucans are polysaccharides composed of D-glucose monomers. Nowadays, β-glucans are gaining attention due to their attractive immunomodulatory biological activities, which can be utilized in pharmaceutical or food supplementation industries. Some carotenogenic Basidiomycetes yeasts, previously explored for lipid and carotenoid coproduction, could potentially coproduce a significant amount of β-glucans. In the present study, we screened eleven Basidiomycetes for the coproduction of lipids and β-glucans. We examined the effect of four different C/N ratios and eight different osmolarity conditions on the coproduction of lipids and β-glucans. A high-throughput screening approach employing microcultivation in microtiter plates, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and reference analysis was utilized in the study. Yeast strains C. infirmominiatum CCY 17-18-4 and R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 were identified as the best coproducers of lipids and β-glucans. In addition, C. infirmominiatum CCY 17-18-4, R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 and P. rhodozyma CCY 77-1-1 were identified as the best alternative producers of β-glucans. Increased C/N ratio led to increased biomass, lipid and β-glucans production for several yeast strains. Increased osmolarity had a negative effect on biomass and lipid production while the β-glucan production was positively affected.
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Kot AM, Gientka I, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Błażejak S, Kurcz A. Comparison of simple and rapid cell wall disruption methods for improving lipid extraction from yeast cells. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 176:105999. [PMID: 32659296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of six disruption methods of the cell wall (acid hydrolysis, ultrasonication, osmotic shock, pasteurization, homogenization with zirconia balls, and freezing/defrosting) on the efficiency of lipid extraction from yeast cells and the composition of fatty acids. Acid hydrolysis and sonication led to a significant increase in lipid extraction from Cyberlindnera jadinii ATCC 9950 and Rhodotorula glutinis LOCKR13 yeast cells. The amount of lipids extracted in these conditions increased for C. jadinii from 12.46 (biomass not subjected to any pretreatment) to 20.37 and 19.53 g/100 gd.w. after the application of acid hydrolysis and sonication, respectively, and for R. glutinis strain from 13.95 to 21.20 and 17.22 g/100 gd.w., respectively, for the same methods. Initial sonication of biomass led to a significant reduction in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. The largest differences in fatty acid composition were found for the sample homogenized with zirconium balls. This process resulted in the degradation of both oleic acid and linolenic acid. The obtained results revealed that the method that significantly increases lipid extraction and does not change the composition of fatty acids is acid hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. In addition, it is easy, cheap, does not require specialized equipment, and therefore can be implemented in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kurcz
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Kot AM, Błażejak S, Kieliszek M, Gientka I, Piwowarek K, Brzezińska R. Production of lipids and carotenoids by Rhodotorula gracilis ATCC 10788 yeast in a bioreactor using low-cost wastes. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Autolysis, plasmolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): a comparative study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:68. [PMID: 32328815 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is being used for long as a rich source of proteins, sugars, nucleotides, vitamins and minerals. Autolyzed and hydrolyzed yeast biomass has found numerous applications in the health food industry as well as livestock feeds. Here, we have compared three lysis methods for production of yeast lysates using autolysis, plasmolysis (ethyl acetate 1.5%), and enzymatic hydrolysis (Alcalase 0.2%). The efficiency of each process was compared according to soluble solid and protein contents, cell lysis monitoring, and release of intracellular materials, cell viability and microscopic analysis. Results showed that plasmolysis by ethyl acetate was found to be more efficient compared to autolysis, with a higher recovery of yeast extract (YE) content. In comparison, the content of released solids and proteins were higher during the enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase compared to autolysis and plasmolysis treatments. The highest decrease in optical density of 600 nm was monitored for the hydrolyzed cells. Besides, we defined "Degree of Leakage (DL)" as a new index of the lysis process, referring to the percentage of total released proteins from the cells and it was estimated to about 65.8%, which represents an appropriate indicator of the cell lysis. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the hydrolyzed yeast product as well as its biological activity (free radical scavenging activity and bacterial binding capacity) suggest that Alcalase could be used to accelerate the lysis of yeast cells and release the valuable intracellular components used for foodstuffs, feed and fermentation media applications. Production of baker's yeast lysates using autolysis, plasmolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis methods.
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Mei X, Tang Q, Huang G, Long R, Huang H. Preparation, structural analysis and antioxidant activities of phosphorylated (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan. Food Chem 2020; 309:125791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Gaboardi GC, Alves D, Gil de Los Santos D, Xavier E, Nunes AP, Finger P, Griep E, Roll V, Oliveira P, Silva A, Moreira Â, Conceição F. Influence of Pichia pastoris X-33 produced in industrial residues on productive performance, egg quality, immunity, and intestinal morphometry in quails. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15372. [PMID: 31653947 PMCID: PMC6814787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in quails to evaluate the probiotic potential of Pichia pastoris X-33, cultivated in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with biodiesel glycerol or in standard medium Yeast Extract–Peptone–Dextrose (YPD). Forty-days-old female quails were divided into three treatments: T1 (Control) received a basal diet without P. pastoris; T2 (Pichia Effluent) received a basal diet supplemented with P. pastoris grown in parboiled rice effluent and biodiesel glycerol, and T3 (Pichia YPD) received a basal diet supplemented with P. pastoris produced in YPD. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease (NDV), Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IBV), and Gumboro Disease on days 1 and 28. The following parameters were analyzed: performance, egg quality, humoral immune response to the vaccines, organ weight, and intestinal morphometry. P. pastoris grown in YPD increased egg weight (p < 0.05). The lowest liver weight on day 14 was obtained in Pichia Effluent, whereas both P. pastoris supplemented groups had the lowest duodenum weights on day 14. Besides that, livers and duodenums presented no morphological changes in any of the three treatments. Supplementation of P. pastoris modulated the immune system of the birds, increasing anti-IBV, anti-NDV, and anti-Gumboro antibodies levels compared to the Control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, quail’s immune response was improved by Pichia pastoris X-33, either it was grown in YPD or industrial residues, and the egg weight increased with Pichia pastoris X-33 grown in YPD, thereby demonstrating to be a promising probiotic for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana Carla Gaboardi
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Débora Alves
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Xavier
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Paula Finger
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Emili Griep
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Victor Roll
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Oliveira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ângela Moreira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Gientka I, Duda M, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Błażejak S. Deproteinated potato wastewater as a low-cost nitrogen substrate for very high yeast biomass quantities: starting point for scaled-up applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Bzducha-Wróbel A, Pobiega K, Błażejak S, Kieliszek M. The scale-up cultivation of Candida utilis in waste potato juice water with glycerol affects biomass and β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan characteristic and yield. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9131-9145. [PMID: 30215128 PMCID: PMC6208972 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New ideas on production of yeast origin β-glucan preparations for industrial application are attracting interest considering market development of that high-value functional polysaccharide. Sellecting an efficient yeast producer and designing culture conditions are a prerequisite for obtaining high yield of β-glucan. The aim of this study was to describe at the first time the influence of the mode of cultivation (shake-flasks and batch fermentation) and time of culture on characteristic and yield of biomass and β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan preparations of Candida utilis ATCC 9950 after cultivation in medium based on waste potato juice water supplemented with 10% of glycerol. After shake-flask culture, the biomass was characterized by higher protein content (app. 26.5%) compared to 19% after batch fermentation while the cultivation on a biofermentor scale promoted polysaccharides biosynthesis. The highest output of purified β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan preparation (5.3 gd.w./L), containing app. 85% of that polysaccharide, was found after 48 h cultivation in biofermentor. Batch fermentation promoted biosynthesis of alkali-insoluble β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan fraction, decreasing the content of β(1,6)-glucan. The yield of β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan synthesis was 0.063 (g/g glycerol), while the productivity of that polysaccharide reached 0.094 (g/L/h). Longer batch fermentation (72 h) resulted in reduction of production efficiency of β-glucan preparation under studied conditions. The results of the study provide a new efficient biotechnological solution to produce high-value β-glucan preparations of C. utilis origin based on valorization of agro-waste potato juice water with glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pobiega
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
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21
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Sharma S, Hansen LD, Hansen JØ, Mydland LT, Horn SJ, Øverland M, Eijsink VGH, Vuoristo KS. Microbial Protein Produced from Brown Seaweed and Spruce Wood as a Feed Ingredient. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8328-8335. [PMID: 30004220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of nonedible biomass to protein for use in feed is an attractive strategy toward improved sustainability in aquaculture. We have studied the possibility to produce protein-rich yeast Candida utilis on a medium consisting of enzymatically hydrolyzed sulphite-pulped spruce wood, mainly providing glucose, and enzymatically hydrolyzed brown seaweed, supplemented with ammonium sulfate. The results show that this blend constitutes a complete fermentation medium that enables good growth rates and cell yields. Results from a salmon feeding trial showed that the yeast can replace parts of a traditional fishmeal diet without harmful effects, although the apparent protein digestibility coefficient for the yeast was suboptimal. While further optimization of both the fermentation process and downstream processing is needed, the present proof-of-concept study shows a path to the production of microbial protein based on a simple, local and sustainable fermentation medium.
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22
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Kieliszek M, Kot AM, Bzducha-Wróbel A, BŁażejak S, Gientka I, Kurcz A. Biotechnological use of Candida yeasts in the food industry: A review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Gientka I, Gadaszewska M, Błażejak S, Kieliszek M, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Stasiak-Różańska L, Kot AM. Evaluation of lipid biosynthesis ability by Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces strains in medium with glycerol. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Gientka I, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Stasiak-Różańska L, Bednarska AA, Błażejak S. The exopolysaccharides biosynthesis by Candida yeast depends on carbon sources. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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25
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Płaczek M. Spectrophotometric evaluation of selenium binding by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC MYA-2200 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950 yeast. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 35:90-6. [PMID: 27049131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of selenium binding the biomas of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC MYA-2200 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950 was investigated. Sodium selenite(IV) salts were added to the experimental media at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg Se(4+) L(-1). In the tested concentration range, one concentration reported a significant reduction in the biomass yield of both yeast strains. Intense growth was observed for C. utilis yeast, which reached the highest biomass yield of 15 gd.w.L(-1) after 24h cultivation in the presence of 10mg Se(4+) L(-1). Based on the use of spectrophotometric method for the determination of selenium content by using Variamine Blue as a chromogenic agent, efficient accumulation of this element in the biomass of the investigated yeast was observed. The highest amount of selenium, that is, 5.64 mg Se(4+)gd.w.(-1), was bound from the environment by S. cerevisiae ATCC MYA-2200 cultured in the presence of 60 mg Se(4+) L(-1) medium 72h Slightly less amount, 5.47 mg Se(4+) gd.w.(-1), was absorbed by C. utilis ATCC 9950 during similar cultural conditions. Based on the results of the biomass yield and the use of selenium from the medium, it can be observed that yeasts of the genus Candida are more efficient in binding this element, and this property finds practical application in the production of selenium-enriched yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Płaczek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Kurcz A. Effects of Selenium on Morphological Changes in Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Yeast Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:387-93. [PMID: 26166197 PMCID: PMC4717171 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of microscopic examinations of the yeast cells cultured in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) media supplemented with sodium selenite(IV). The analysis of the morphological changes in yeast cells aimed to determine whether the selected selenium doses and culturing time may affect this element accumulation in yeast cell structures in a form of inorganic or organic compounds, as a result of detoxification processes. The range of characteristic morphological changes in yeasts cultivated in experimental media with sodium selenite(IV) was observed, including cell shrinkage and cytoplasm thickening of the changes within vacuole structure. The processes of vacuole disintegration were observed in aging yeast cells in culturing medium, which may indicate the presence of so-called ghost cells lacking intracellular organelles The changes occurring in the morphology of yeasts cultured in media supplemented with sodium selenite were typical for stationary phase of yeast growth. From detailed microscopic observations, larger surface area of the cell (6.03 μm(2)) and yeast vacuole (2.17 μm(2)) were noticed after 24-h culturing in the medium with selenium of 20 mg Se(4+)/L. The coefficient of shape of the yeast cells cultured in media enriched with sodium selenite as well as in the control YPD medium ranged from 1.02 to 1.22. Elongation of cultivation time (up to 48 and 72 h) in the media supplemented with sodium selenite caused a reduction in the surface area of the yeast cell and vacuole due to detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kurcz
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Chitin–glucan complex production by Komagataella pastoris : Downstream optimization and product characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:455-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Critical review of the methods of β-glucan analysis and its significance in the beer filtration process. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Gientka I, Bzducha-Wróbel A. Accumulation and metabolism of selenium by yeast cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5373-82. [PMID: 26003453 PMCID: PMC4464373 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the process of selenium bioaccumulation and selenium metabolism in yeast cells. Yeast cells can bind elements in ionic from the environment and permanently integrate them into their cellular structure. Up to now, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Yarrowia lipolytica yeasts have been used primarily in biotechnological studies to evaluate binding of minerals. Yeast cells are able to bind selenium in the form of both organic and inorganic compounds. The process of bioaccumulation of selenium by microorganisms occurs through two mechanisms: extracellular binding by ligands of membrane assembly and intracellular accumulation associated with the transport of ions across the cytoplasmic membrane into the cell interior. During intracellular metabolism of selenium, oxidation, reduction, methylation, and selenoprotein synthesis processes are involved, as exemplified by detoxification processes that allow yeasts to survive under culture conditions involving the elevated selenium concentrations which were observed. Selenium yeasts represent probably the best absorbed form of this element. In turn, in terms of wide application, the inclusion of yeast with accumulated selenium may aid in lessening selenium deficiency in a diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland,
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