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Connolly C, Timlin M, Hogan SA, Murphy EG, O'Callaghan TF, Brodkorb A, Hennessy D, Fitzpartick E, O'Donavan M, McCarthy K, Murphy JP, Yin X, Brennan L. Impact of dietary regime on the metabolomic profile of bovine buttermilk and whole milk powder. Metabolomics 2024; 20:93. [PMID: 39096405 PMCID: PMC11297810 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bovine milk contains a rich matrix of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat, protein and various vitamins and minerals, the composition of which is altered by factors including dietary regime. OBJECTIVES The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary regime on the metabolite composition of bovine whole milk powder and buttermilk. METHODS Bovine whole milk powder and buttermilk samples were obtained from spring-calving cows, consuming one of three diets. Group 1 grazed outdoors on perennial ryegrass which was supplemented with 5% concentrates; group 2 were maintained indoors and consumed a total mixed ration diet; and group 3 consumed a partial mixed ration diet consisting of perennial ryegrass during the day and total mixed ration maintained indoors at night. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis of the whole milk powder (N = 27) and buttermilk (N = 29) samples was preformed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with 504 and 134 metabolites identified in the samples respectively. In whole milk powder samples, a total of 174 metabolites from various compound classes were significantly different across dietary regimes (FDR adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05), including triglycerides, of which 66% had their highest levels in pasture-fed samples. Triglycerides with highest levels in pasture-fed samples were predominantly polyunsaturated with high total carbon number. Regarding buttermilk samples, metabolites significantly different across dietary regimes included phospholipids, sphingomyelins and an acylcarnitine. CONCLUSION In conclusion the results reveal a significant impact of a pasture-fed dietary regime on the metabolite composition of bovine dairy products, with a particular impact on lipid compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Connolly
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Mark Timlin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin G Murphy
- Food for Health Ireland, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Callaghan
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Co. Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T12 Y337, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - André Brodkorb
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 P302, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 P302, Co. Cork, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 N73K, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ellen Fitzpartick
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Y35 Y521, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Donavan
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 P302, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran McCarthy
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 P302, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - John P Murphy
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 P302, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
- Food for Health Ireland, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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González JJP, Romero MGO, Bermúdez BS, Rojas JLR, Vázquez CCR, Frechero NM, Tolentino RG. Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1292. [PMID: 35625137 PMCID: PMC9137494 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of milk fat composition is a priority topic at the international level; however, there are few studies on the composition of triacylglycerides (TAG) and sterols in cow’s milk produced in organic production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of TAG, cholesterol, and other sterols in the fat of raw cow’s milk produced under organic conditions in the municipality of Tecpatán, Chiapas. Every month for one year, milk samples were obtained from three production units (PU 1, 2 and 3) and from the collecting tank (CT) of the municipality (12 months × 4 = 48 samples), in accordance with Mexican regulations. Milk fat was extracted by detergent solution and TAG and sterol analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and capillary columns. Chromatographic analyses identified and quantified 15 TAG in all milk fats, from C26 to C54, with a bimodal behavior; the maximum value (% w/w) for the first mode was located at C38 (14.48) and, for the second mode, C50 and C52 were considered with values of 11.55 and 11.60, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test only yielded significance (p < 0.05) for C26; most TAG values over time showed homogeneous variability. Cholesterol, brassicasterol, and campesterol were also determined; ANOVA did not show statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05) between them in the production units and collecting tank. Cholesterol had the highest percentage of the sterols with a mean value of 96.41%. The TAG and cholesterol profiles found in this study were similar to those reported in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Pérez González
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | | | - Beatriz Schettino Bermúdez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Jorge Luis Ruíz Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29060, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Cecilia Radilla Vázquez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Nelly Molina Frechero
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Rey Gutiérrez Tolentino
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
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De La Torre-Santos S, Royo LJ, Martínez-Fernández A, Chocarro C, Vicente F. The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091256. [PMID: 32911648 PMCID: PMC7555635 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimization of milk production includes a rational use of forages, respect for the environment and offers the best quality to consumers. Milk production based on grass and forages produces healthier milk and it is widely spread throughout the Atlantic arc to maximize milk yield per hectare. However, the mode of offering the grass can have a major influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grass supply mode (grazing, zero-grazing or ensiling) on dairy cows’ performance, with particular reference to fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentration. A three by three Latin square experiment was performed with 18 dairy cows. Experimental treatments consisted of exclusive feeding with grass silage and zero-grazing, both offered ad libitum indoors, or grazing for 24 h. The results showed that grazing cows had a higher dry matter intake and greater milk yield than cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, as well as higher concentrations of protein, lactose, nonfat-solids and urea in milk than housed cows. Milk fat from grazing cows had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than from cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, with significant differences in the proportion of vaccenic and rumenic acids. The 18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10 ratio is proposed as biomarker to identify the milk produced from the management system of grazing cattle. Milk from grazing cows had a greater proportion of lutein than cows eating grass silage, with the zero-grazing system having intermediate values. In conclusion, the mode of grass supply affects fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senén De La Torre-Santos
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Carretera AS-267, PK. 19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.L.T.-S.); (L.J.R.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Luis J. Royo
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Carretera AS-267, PK. 19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.L.T.-S.); (L.J.R.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Adela Martínez-Fernández
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Carretera AS-267, PK. 19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.L.T.-S.); (L.J.R.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Cristina Chocarro
- ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, C/Rovira Roure 177, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Fernando Vicente
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Carretera AS-267, PK. 19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.L.T.-S.); (L.J.R.); (A.M.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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Pustjens AM, Boerrigter-Eenling R, Koot AH, Rozijn M, van Ruth SM. Characterization of Retail Conventional, Organic, and Grass Full-Fat Butters by Their Fat Contents, Free Fatty Acid Contents, and Triglyceride and Fatty Acid Profiling. Foods 2017; 6:foods6040026. [PMID: 28362343 PMCID: PMC5409314 DOI: 10.3390/foods6040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Netherlands, butter is produced from milk originating from three different production systems: conventional, organic, and grass-fed cows. The aim of the current study was to characterize these types of butters, and pinpoint distinct compositional differences. Retail conventional (n = 28), organic (n = 14), and grass (n = 12) full-fat butters were collected during the winter and summer seasons. Samples were analyzed for their fat content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid (FA) profiles. The fat content was significantly lower in conventional butters than in organic butters and the FFA content was significantly lower in conventional butters compared with grass butters. Also, organic butters differed significantly from their conventional counterparts with regard to their TG and FA profiles. The TG profiles of the organic and grass butters did not differ significantly. The FA profiles of grass butters were less distinct, since only a few FAs differed significantly from conventional (six FAs) and organic (eight FAs) butters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M Pustjens
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rita Boerrigter-Eenling
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alex H Koot
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maikel Rozijn
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- RIKILT Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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