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Bagameri L, Botezan S, Bobis O, Bonta V, Dezmirean DS. Molecular Insights into Royal Jelly Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Related Diseases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1573. [PMID: 37511948 PMCID: PMC10381546 DOI: 10.3390/life13071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ), a highly nutritious natural product, has gained recognition for its remarkable health-promoting properties, leading to its widespread use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Extensive investigations have revealed that RJ possesses a broad spectrum of therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-aging, and antibacterial activities. Distinctive among bee products, RJ exhibits a significantly higher water and relatively lower sugar content. It is characterized by its substantial protein content, making it a valuable source of this essential macronutrient. Moreover, RJ contains a diverse array of bioactive substances, such as lipids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, organic acids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and hormones. This review aims to provide an overview of current research on the bioactive components present in RJ and their associated health-promoting qualities. According to existing literature, these bioactive substances hold great potential as alternative approaches to enhancing human health. Notably, this review emphasizes the anti-inflammatory properties of RJ, particularly in relation to inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Furthermore, we delve into the antitumor and antioxidant activities of RJ, aiming to deepen our understanding of its biological functions. By shedding light on the multifaceted benefits of RJ, this review seeks to encourage its utilization and inspire further investigation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Bagameri
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sara Botezan
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Otilia Bobis
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Victorita Bonta
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Department of Apiculture and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Gevorgyan S, Schubert R, Falke S, Lorenzen K, Trchounian K, Betzel C. Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using a low-molecular-weight Royal Jelly extract. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14077. [PMID: 35982108 PMCID: PMC9388513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) gained increased and widespread applications in various fields of industry, technology, and medicine. This study describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) applying a low-molecular-weight fraction (LMF) of Royal Jelly, the nanoparticle characterization, and particularly their antibacterial activity. The optical properties of NPs, characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, showed a peak at ~ 430 nm. The hydrodynamic radius and concentration were determined by complementary dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The particle morphology was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the crystallinity of the silver was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial activities were evaluated utilizing Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and colony counting assays. The growth inhibition curve method was applied to obtain information about the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) required. Obtained results showed that (i) the sizes of Ag NPs are increasing within the increase of silver ion precursor concentration, (ii) DLS, in agreement with NTA, showed that most particles have dimensions in the range of 50–100 nm; (iii) E. coli was more susceptible to all Ag NP samples compared to B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Gevorgyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Build. 22A, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Schubert
- European X-Ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sven Falke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenzen
- European X-Ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Christian Betzel
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Build. 22A, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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Arabinoxylan-Based Microcapsules Being Loaded with Bee Products as Bioactive Food Components Are Able to Modulate the Cell Migration and Inflammatory Response-In Vitro Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122529. [PMID: 35745258 PMCID: PMC9228011 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to use bioactive heteropolysaccharides isolated from rye bran to obtain innovative systems for the controlled release of bioactive compounds. The core of the obtained encapsulates was honey and royal jelly. It was shown for the first time that preparations effectively ameliorated inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, decreasing the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The in vitro digestion process revealed that bee products’ encapsulates were stronger oxidative stress reducers and had sustained ability to reduction in inflammation state mediators. The lack of inhibitory effect on migration rate of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) endothelial cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH-3T3), both cell models involved in wound healing process, additionally identified these preparations as agents potentially used in the management of inflammatory response. In the process of a simulated digestion in vitro, the innovative microcapsules showed 85% higher biostability and two to ten times better bioavailability, compared to natural bee products.
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Lin Y, Zhang M, Lin T, Wang L, Wang G, Chen T, Su S. Royal jelly from different floral sources possesses distinct wound-healing mechanisms and ingredient profiles. Food Funct 2021; 12:12059-12076. [PMID: 34783324 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, population aging together with the increased prevalence of diabetes and obesity has fuelled a surge in the instances of cutaneous non-healing wounds. Royal jelly (RJ) is a traditional remedy for wound repair; however, the subjacent mechanisms and ingredient profiles are still largely unknown. Our previous study found that Castanea mollissima Bl. RJ (CmRJ-Zj) possessed superior wound healing-promoting effects on both the in vivo and in vitro models than Brassica napus L. RJ (BnRJ-Zj). This study conducted an in-depth investigation on the wound-repairing mechanisms of CmRJ-Zj and BnRJ-Zj to explain the previously observed phenomenon and also comprehensively characterized their constituents. It was found that chestnut RJ could enhance cutaneous wound healing by boosting the growth and mobility of keratinocytes, modulating the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), regulating MAPK and calcium pathways, and mediating inflammatory responses. By employing LC-MS/MS-based proteomic and metabolomic techniques, the comprehensive molecules present in CmRJ-Zj and BnRJ-Zj were elucidated, resulting in a clear discrimination from each other. A total of 15 and 631 differential proteins and compounds were identified, and 217 proteins were newly found in RJ proteome. With bioinformatic functional analysis, we speculated that some differential components were responsible for the wound-healing properties of CmRJ-Zj. Therefore, this study provides an insight into the wound-healing mechanisms of RJ and is the first to explore the compositions of RJ from different nectar plants. It will facilitate the development of therapeutic agents from RJ to treat difficult-to-heal wounds and the distinction of different RJ categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tianxing Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Luying Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guanggao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Lin Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Lin T, Wang G, Peng J, Su S. The in vitro and in vivo wound-healing effects of royal jelly derived from Apis mellifera L. during blossom seasons of Castanea mollissima Bl. and Brassica napus L. in South China exhibited distinct patterns. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 33225942 PMCID: PMC7682067 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-healing wounds have been a severe issue in the global healthcare system. Regrettably, royal jelly, a traditional remedy for various skin injuries, has not been widely applied in cutaneous wounds in clinical practice nowadays, which may be due to the confusion and the lack of knowledge about the efficacies of different types of royal jelly, the bioactive constituents, and the precise mechanisms underlying the wound repairing activity. Since the compositions and bioactivities of royal jelly are predominantly influenced by nectar plants, this study aims to explore the differences in the wound-healing properties of royal jelly produced by Apis mellifera L. during the blossom seasons of different floral sources, to provide guidelines for the future rational application of royal jelly in cutaneous wounds, and to promote the further discovery of wound repair-promoting substances. METHODS Royal jelly samples were harvested during flowering seasons of Castanea mollissima Bl. (chestnut) and Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) in South China, from which hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions were extracted. The in vivo wound-healing potential was preliminarily assessed in Wistar rats' excisional full-thickness wounds, followed by investigating the mechanisms of action through in vitro assays with human epidermal keratinocytes and LPS-stimulated inflammation in macrophages. RESULTS The results indicated that different royal jelly samples exhibited distinct wound-healing potential, in which Castanea mollissima Bl. royal jelly was more potent. It sped up wound closure between day 2 and day 4 to 0.25 cm2/day (p < 0.05), and could accelerate wound repair by enhancing the proliferative and migratory capabilities of keratinocytes by 50.9% (p < 0.001) and 14.9% (p < 0.001), modulating inflammation through inhibiting nitric oxide production by 46.2% (p < 0.001), and promoting cell growth through increasing the secretion of transforming growth factor-β by 44.7% (p < 0.001). In contrast, Brassica napus L. royal jelly could regulate inflammation by reducing the amount of tumour necrosis factor-α by 21.3% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study improves the application of royal jelly for curing difficult-to-heal wounds, in which the hydrosoluble extract of Castanea mollissima Bl. royal jelly promises the greatest potential. It also provides clues which may lead towards the identification of substances derived from royal jelly to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330052, China
| | - Luying Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianxing Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guanggao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330052, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Lin Y, Shao Q, Zhang M, Lu C, Fleming J, Su S. Royal jelly-derived proteins enhance proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes in an in vitro scratch wound model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:175. [PMID: 31299973 PMCID: PMC6626366 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin injury is inevitable in daily life. In recent years, with the increasing morbidity of diseases such as diabetes and metabolic disorders, chronic wounds have become a considerable challenge in clinical practice. Royal jelly, reported to have multifarious biological and physiological properties, has been used as a remedy for a variety of wounds since ancient times. However, the active components and mechanisms underlying the wound-healing properties of royal jelly are still largely unknown. Methods Water-soluble proteins of royal jelly were fractionated and investigated for the proliferative and migratory effects on human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) in an in vitro wound healing model. The proteins present in bioactive fractions were characterised and quantified using Label-free protein quantification method. The potential functions of these proteins in biological systems were further analysed using bioinformatic tools. Results A protein fraction, mainly containing major royal jelly proteins 2 (MRJP2), MRJP3 and MRJP7, stimulated proliferative and migratory activities in HaCaT cells without visible cytotoxicity. It exerted the greatest effects on the growth of HaCaT cells in the first 48 h. Furthermore, when treated with this protein fraction, the closure rates of the in vitro scratch wound were significantly increased. Functional analysis indicated that MRJP2, MRJP3 and MRJP7 were associated with carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Conclusions We fractionated the water-soluble proteins of royal jelly and identified one fraction (Fraction 2) that induced both proliferative and migratory effects on a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJP2, MRJP3 and/or MRJP7) were speculated to possess potential wound-healing bioactivity. This is the first report that royal jelly may improve wound closure via MRJP-induced cellular proliferation and migration. These proteins may be valuable lead compounds for the development of novel wound healing medications. Our findings would facilitate better understanding of the wound repair mechanisms of royal jelly.
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Tu X, Sun F, Wu S, Liu W, Gao Z, Huang S, Chen W. Comparison of salting-out and sugaring-out liquid-liquid extraction methods for the partition of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in royal jelly and their co-extracted protein content. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1073:90-95. [PMID: 29247927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (h-LLE) has been receiving considerable attention as a sample preparation method due to its simple and fast partition of compounds with a wide range of polarities. To better understand the differences between the two h-LLE extraction approaches, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and sugaring-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SULLE), have been compared for the partition of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) from royal jelly, and for the co-extraction of proteins. Effects of the amount of phase partition agents and the concentration of acetonitrile (ACN) on the h-LLE were discussed. Results showed that partition efficiency of 10-HDA depends on the phase ratio in both SALLE and SULLE. Though the partition triggered by NaCl and glucose is less efficient than MgSO4 in the 50% (v/v) ACN-water mixture, their extraction yields can be improved to be similar with that in MgSO4 SALLE by increasing the initial concentration of ACN in the ACN-water mixture. The content of co-extracted protein was correlated with water concentration in the obtained upper phase. MgSO4 showed the largest protein co-extraction at the low concentration of salt. Glucose exhibited a large protein co-extraction in the high phase ratio condition. Furthermore, NaCl with high initial ACN concentration is recommended because it produced high extraction yield for 10-HDA and the lowest amount of co-extracted protein. These observations would be valuable for the sample preparation of royal jelly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Tu
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Sun
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaosheng Gao
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Huang
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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