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Bravo Iniguez A, Du M, Zhu MJ. α-Ketoglutarate for Preventing and Managing Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100200. [PMID: 38438107 PMCID: PMC11016550 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelium lining the intestinal tract serves a multifaceted role. It plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and immune regulation and also acts as a protective barrier, separating underlying tissues from the gut lumen content. Disruptions in the delicate balance of the gut epithelium trigger inflammatory responses, aggravate conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, and potentially lead to more severe complications such as colorectal cancer. Maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis is vital for overall health, and there is growing interest in identifying nutraceuticals that can strengthen the intestinal epithelium. α-Ketoglutarate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, displays a variety of bioactive effects, including functioning as an antioxidant, a necessary cofactor for epigenetic modification, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. This article presents a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the potential of α-ketoglutarate supplementation in preventing dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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Kostiuchenko O, Lushnikova I, Kowalczyk M, Skibo G. mTOR/α-ketoglutarate-mediated signaling pathways in the context of brain neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100066. [PMID: 37082603 PMCID: PMC10074856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral disorders are largely associated with impaired cellular metabolism, despite the regulatory mechanisms designed to ensure cell viability and adequate brain function. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most crucial factors in the regulation of energy homeostasis and its imbalance is linked with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in the metabolic pathways' modulation indicate the role of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) as a major signaling hub, additionally highlighting its anti-aging and neuroprotective properties, but the mechanisms of its action are not entirely clear. In this review, we analyzed the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of mTOR in the brain. We also discussed AKG's multifunctional properties, as well as mTOR/AKG-mediated functional communications in cellular metabolism. Thus, this article provides a broad overview of the mTOR/AKG-mediated signaling pathways, in the context of neurodegeneration and endogenous neuroprotection, with the aim to find novel therapeutic strategies.
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Effects of In Ovo Injection of α-Ketoglutaric Acid on Hatchability, Growth, Plasma Metabolites, and Antioxidant Status of Broilers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112102. [PMID: 36358474 PMCID: PMC9686527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) has gained importance as an antioxidant. Its dietary supplementation in animals and humans has proved beneficial. Moreover, an extensive group of studies on in ovo feeding has proved that it produces better day-old chicks and overall performance. Combining the two, we hypothesized that in ovo feeding of AKG could improve the antioxidant status in addition to chick quality and broiler performance. At 17.5 days of incubation, eggs were divided into one of five groups: eggs that received (i) no injection (U-CON), (ii) distilled water (DDW) only (0 AKG), (iii) 0.5% AKG dissolved in DDW (0.5 AKG), (iv) 1.0% AKG dissolved in DDW (1.0 AKG), or (v) 1.5% AKG dissolved in DDW (1.5 AKG). Chicks were raised until 21 days of age. Biological samples were collected on day 0 and day 21. Body weight (p = 0.020), average daily gain (p = 0.025), and average daily feed intake (p = 0.036) were found to quadratically increase with the amount of AKG during the grower phase. At day 0, the absolute (p = 0.040) and relative weight (p = 0.035) of the liver increased linearly with an increasing amount of AKG. The 0.5 AKG group had significantly higher plasma protein (p = 0.025), absolute and relative heart indices at day 0 (p = 0.006). An in ovo feeding of AKG improved the plasma antioxidant capacity of chicks at day 0 as compared to 0 AKG. AKG effect was seen on the plasma antioxidant balance, which increased linearly with the increasing dose of in ovo AKG. Furthermore, 1.0 AKG and 1.5 AKG showed a significant (p = 0.002) upregulation of the hepatic mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) in comparison to 0 AKG. The results imply that without negatively affecting hatchability performance, in ovo feeding of AKG has beneficial effects on the antioxidant status of broilers.
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Ankri S. Entamoeba histolytica-Gut Microbiota Interaction: More Than Meets the Eye. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030581. [PMID: 33809056 PMCID: PMC7998739 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis is a disease caused by the unicellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In most cases, the infection is asymptomatic but when symptomatic, the infection can cause dysentery and invasive extraintestinal complications. In the gut, E. histolytica feeds on bacteria. Increasing evidences support the role of the gut microbiota in the development of the disease. In this review we will discuss the consequences of E. histolytica infection on the gut microbiota. We will also discuss new evidences about the role of gut microbiota in regulating the resistance of the parasite to oxidative stress and its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Gasmi A, Peana M, Arshad M, Butnariu M, Menzel A, Bjørklund G. Krebs cycle: activators, inhibitors and their roles in the modulation of carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1161-1178. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pleiotropic effects of alpha-ketoglutarate as a potential anti-ageing agent. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101237. [PMID: 33340716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An intermediate of tricarboxylic acid cycle alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is involved in pleiotropic metabolic and regulatory pathways in the cell, including energy production, biosynthesis of certain amino acids, collagen biosynthesis, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, regulation of redox homeostasis, and detoxification of hazardous substances. Recently, AKG supplement was found to extend lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated decline in experimental models such as nematodes, fruit flies, yeasts, and mice. This review summarizes current knowledge on metabolic and regulatory functions of AKG and its potential anti-ageing effects. Impact on epigenetic regulation of ageing via being an obligate substrate of DNA and histone demethylases, direct antioxidant properties, and function as mimetic of caloric restriction and hormesis-induced agent are among proposed mechanisms of AKG geroprotective action. Due to influence on mitochondrial respiration, AKG can stimulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. According to hormesis hypothesis, moderate stimulation of ROS production could have rather beneficial biological effects, than detrimental ones, because of the induction of defensive mechanisms that improve resistance to stressors and age-related diseases and slow down functional senescence. Discrepancies found in different models and limitations of AKG as a geroprotective drug are discussed.
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Chevallier V, Andersen MR, Malphettes L. Oxidative stress-alleviating strategies to improve recombinant protein production in CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:1172-1186. [PMID: 31814104 PMCID: PMC7078918 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large scale biopharmaceutical production of biologics relies on the overexpression of foreign proteins by cells cultivated in stirred tank bioreactors. It is well recognized and documented fact that protein overexpression may impact host cell metabolism and that factors associated with large scale culture, such as the hydrodynamic forces and inhomogeneities within the bioreactors, may promote cellular stress. The metabolic adaptations required to support the high‐level expression of recombinant proteins include increased energy production and improved secretory capacity, which, in turn, can lead to a rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through the respiration metabolism and the interaction with media components. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant response within the cells. Accumulation of intracellular ROS can interfere with the cellular activities and exert cytotoxic effects via the alternation of cellular components. In this context, strategies aiming to alleviate oxidative stress generated during the culture have been developed to improve cell growth, productivity, and reduce product microheterogeneity. In this review, we present a summary of the different approaches used to decrease the oxidative stress in Chinese hamster ovary cells and highlight media development and cell engineering as the main pathways through which ROS levels may be kept under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Chevallier
- Upstream Process Sciences, Biotech Sciences, UCB Nordic A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Rørdam Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Shimizu K, Matsuoka Y. Redox rebalance against genetic perturbations and modulation of central carbon metabolism by the oxidative stress regulation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107441. [PMID: 31472206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The micro-aerophilic organisms and aerobes as well as yeast and higher organisms have evolved to gain energy through respiration (via oxidative phosphorylation), thereby enabling them to grow much faster than anaerobes. However, during respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are inherently (inevitably) generated, and threaten the cell's survival. Therefore, living organisms (or cells) must furnish the potent defense systems to keep such ROSs at harmless level, where the cofactor balance plays crucial roles. Namely, NADH is the source of energy generation (catabolism) in the respiratory chain reactions, through which ROSs are generated, while NADPH plays important roles not only for the cell synthesis (anabolism) but also for detoxifying ROSs. Therefore, the cell must rebalance the redox ratio by modulating the fluxes of the central carbon metabolism (CCM) by regulating the multi-level regulation machinery upon genetic perturbations and the change in the growth conditions. Here, we discuss about how aerobes accomplish such cofactor homeostasis against redox perturbations. In particular, we consider how single-gene mutants (including pgi, pfk, zwf, gnd and pyk mutants) modulate their metabolisms in relation to cofactor rebalance (and also by adaptive laboratory evolution). We also discuss about how the overproduction of NADPH (by the pathway gene mutation) can be utilized for the efficient production of useful value-added chemicals such as medicinal compounds, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and amino acids, all of which require NADPH in their synthetic pathways. We then discuss about the metabolic responses against oxidative stress, where αketoacids play important roles not only for the coordination between catabolism and anabolism, but also for detoxifying ROSs by non-enzymatic reactions, as well as for reducing the production of ROSs by repressing the activities of the TCA cycle and respiration (via carbon catabolite repression). Thus, we discuss about the mechanisms (basic strategies) that modulate the metabolism from respiration to respiro-fermentative metabolism causing overflow, based on the role of Pyk activity, affecting the NADPH production at the oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, and the roles of αketoacids for the change in the source of energy generation from the oxidative phosphorylation to the substrate level phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Shimizu
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio university, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan.
| | - Yu Matsuoka
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan.
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Russ M, Jauk S, Wintersteiger R, Andrä M, Brcic I, Ortner A. Investigation of antioxidative effects of a cardioprotective solution in heart tissue. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:73-80. [PMID: 31342300 PMCID: PMC6790185 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A multi-component solution, containing α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), N-acetyl-seleno-L-methionine (NASeLM), and N-acetyl-L-methionine (NALM) as active ingredients, has been tested considering its supposed antioxidative effect with respect to heart transplantations. Oxidative stress was induced on isolated rat hearts through occlusion of a coronary artery and in chicken heart tissue through hydrogen peroxide. Both heart types were analyzed and the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins (CPs) were determined via HPLC/UV-Vis. In both approaches, it was found that treatment with the multi-component solution led to a lower amount of MDA and CPs compared to a negative control treated with Krebs-Ringer solution (KRS). Further investigation on chicken heart tissue identified α-KG as antioxidative component in these experiments. However, numerous factors like arrhythmia, vessel dilatation, and minimization of oxidative stress effects play an important role for successful transplantation. Therefore, the investigated multi-component solution might be a novel approach against oxidative stress situations, for example at ischemia reperfusion injury during heart transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Russ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Jauk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Wintersteiger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Andrä
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Brcic
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Ortner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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The contribution of hydrogen peroxide to the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:606-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Bayliak MM, Lylyk MP, Gospodaryov DV, Kotsyubynsky VO, Butenko NV, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Protective effects of alpha-ketoglutarate against aluminum toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:41-53. [PMID: 30508642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model for studies on aluminum toxicity. The current study aimed to disclose the mechanisms of aluminum toxicity in D. melanogaster at larval and adult stages and examined the potential protective effects of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG). Flies were reared on food containing 10 mM AlCl3, 10 mM AKG or both additives. Rearing on an AlCl3-containing diet induced behavioral defects, and decreased fecundity and long-term survival of female flies. The addition of dietary AKG did not ameliorate locomotor and taste behavior defects or the higher sensitivity to oxidative stress, but improved heat stress resistance, egg-laying capability and survival of females treated with AlCl3. Metabolic effects of AlCl3 exposure on flies included an imbalance of metal content, decreased glucose levels, increased free iron and storage triacylglyceride (TAG) levels, mitochondria dysfunction, and the development of oxidative stress. Dietary AKG did not prevent AlCl3 effects on glucose and TAG, but improved metal homeostasis, inhibited the increase in free Fe and restored the functional activity of iron-containing enzymes such as aconitase. In addition, AKG decreased the intensity of oxidative stress seen in AlCl3-reared adult flies, probably due to inhibition of iron mobilization. The results show that AKG is not a full antidote against Al toxicity but is able to relieve multiple metabolic effects of high aluminum. Furthermore, the modulating ability of AKG can clearly be helpful in exploring the molecular mechanisms of Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Maria P Lylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr O Kotsyubynsky
- Department of Materials Science and Advanced Technologies, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia V Butenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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He L, Wu J, Tang W, Zhou X, Lin Q, Luo F, Yin Y, Li T. Prevention of Oxidative Stress by α-Ketoglutarate via Activation of CAR Signaling and Modulation of the Expression of Key Antioxidant-Associated Targets in Vivo and in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11273-11283. [PMID: 30346763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) can act as an antioxidant both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms of the protective effects of AKG are still not well understood. We evaluated the effects of AKG supplementation on the regulation of the constitutive-androstane-receptor (CAR) pathway in porcine intestinal cells and piglets exposed to H2O2. Our data showed that AKG treatment significantly increased not only the intra- and extracellular levels of AKG (26.9 ± 1.31 μmol/g protein, 1064.4 ± 39.80 μmol/L medium) but also those of Asp (29.3 ± 0.21 μmol/g, 4.20 ± 0.11 μmol/L), Gln (24.82 ± 1.50 μmol/g, 1087.80 ± 16.10 μmol/L), and Glu (91.90 ± 3.6 μmol/g, 19.76 ± 1.00 μmol/L). There was approximately a 4-fold increase in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mRNA levels in enterocytes and a simultaneous reduction in ROS levels ( P < 0.05). Moreover, AKG treatment increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the efficiency of cellular respiration ( P < 0.05). AKG also regulated the mRNA levels of the target genes involved in antioxidant responses and xenobiotic detoxification in enterocytes. Increases in the protein levels of SOD1, SOD2, CAR, RXRα, and UCP2 and marked reductions in the expression levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 proteins ( P < 0.05) were observed after AKG administration in the H2O2-induced piglets. Our results indicated that AKG may protect against oxidative stress by activating CAR signaling and modulating the expression of key antioxidant-related targets, which improves cellular respiration and antioxidant capacity. The in vivo and in vitro effects of AKG suggest that it may prove to be useful in the reduction of oxidative stress in animal and human trials and subsequent prevention of gastrointestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production , Changsha 410125 , PR China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing , Center South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004 , PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production , Changsha 410125 , PR China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences , Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 610066 , PR China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production , Changsha 410125 , PR China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing , Center South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004 , PR China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing , Center South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha 410004 , PR China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production , Changsha 410125 , PR China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , CICAPS , Changsha 410128 , PR China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production , Changsha 410125 , PR China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , CICAPS , Changsha 410128 , PR China
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Pan F, Su TJ, Liu Y, Hou K, Chen C, Wu W. Extraction, purification and antioxidation of a polysaccharide from Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1073-1083. [PMID: 29447973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rich polysaccharides were directly observed in the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis (FUW) using the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method and microexamination. An acidic water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (FWPS1-1) was isolated from FUW through ethanol precipitation, decoloration, deproteinization, dialysis and separation using a DE-52 anion-exchange column and a Sepharose G-150 gel filtration column. FWPS1-1 (average molecular weight: ~7.44 kDa) has many branches and long side chains; holds the triple-helix conformation; was composed of mannose (Man), galacturonic acid (GalA), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl) and arabinose (Ara) with a molar ratio of 2.62:5.59:10.00:0.76:9.38; and features side chains that may be composed of Ara, Man, Gal and GalA, while the backbone may be composed of Xyl, Ara and Gal. In addition, the backbone of FWPS1-1 mainly consists of α-type glycosidic bonds. Bioactivity tests in vitro showed that the polysaccharide exhibited weak 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and low ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) but high 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)l (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, good Fe(II)-chelating ability and remarkable DNA damage protective activity. FWPS1-1 was the first heteropolysaccharide purified from FUW and showed good antioxidant activity and DNA protective effect. The results confirmed that macromolecule is also bioactive ingredient that requires attention like the small-molecule active compounds in FUW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Rd, Wenjiang region, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tian-Jiao Su
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Rd, Wenjiang region, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Rd, Wenjiang region, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Rd, Wenjiang region, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Rd, Wenjiang region, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Production of Special Utilizated Plant, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Rd, Wenjiang region, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China.
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Bayliak MM, Hrynkiv OV, Knyhynytska RV, Lushchak VI. Alpha-ketoglutarate enhances freeze–thaw tolerance and prevents carbohydrate-induced cell death of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:33-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bayliak MM, Lylyk MP, Shmihel HV, Sorochynska OM, Semchyshyn OI, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate promotes higher protein and lower triacylglyceride levels and induces oxidative stress in larvae and young adults but not in middle-aged Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Growth on Alpha-Ketoglutarate Increases Oxidative Stress Resistance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:5792192. [PMID: 28154578 PMCID: PMC5244014 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5792192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is an important intermediate in cell metabolism, linking anabolic and catabolic processes. The effect of exogenous AKG on stress resistance in S. cerevisiae cells was studied. The growth on AKG increased resistance of yeast cells to stresses, but the effects depended on AKG concentration and type of stressor. Wild-type yeast cells grown on AKG were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide, menadione, and transition metal ions (Fe2+ and Cu2+) but not to ethanol and heat stress as compared with control ones. Deficiency in SODs or catalases abolished stress-protective effects of AKG. AKG-supplemented growth led to higher values of total metabolic activity, level of low-molecular mass thiols, and activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in wild-type cells compared with the control. The results suggest that exogenous AKG may enhance cell metabolism leading to induction of mild oxidative stress. It turn, it results in activation of antioxidant system that increases resistance of S. cerevisiae cells to H2O2 and other stresses. The presence of genes encoding SODs or catalases is required for the expression of protective effects of AKG.
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Alpha-ketoglutarate reduces ethanol toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster by enhancing alcohol dehydrogenase activity and antioxidant capacity. Alcohol 2016; 55:23-33. [PMID: 27788775 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol at low concentrations (<4%) can serve as a food source for fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, whereas at higher concentrations it may be toxic. In this work, protective effects of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) against ethanol toxicity were studied. Food supplementation with 10-mM AKG alleviated toxic effects of 8% ethanol added to food, and improved fly development. Two-day-old adult flies, reared on diet containing both AKG and ethanol, possessed higher alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity as compared with those reared on control diet or diet with ethanol only. Native gel electrophoresis data suggested that this combination diet might promote post-translational modifications of ADH protein with the formation of a highly active ADH form. The ethanol-containing diet led to significantly higher levels of triacylglycerides stored in adult flies, and this parameter was not altered by AKG supplement. The influence of diet on antioxidant defenses was also assessed. In ethanol-fed flies, catalase activity was higher in males and the levels of low molecular mass thiols were unchanged in both sexes compared to control values. Feeding on a mixture of AKG and ethanol did not affect catalase activity but caused a higher level of low molecular mass thiols compared to ethanol-fed flies. It can be concluded that both a stimulation of some components of antioxidant defense and the increase in ADH activity may be responsible for the protective effects of AKG diet supplementation in combination with ethanol. The results suggest that AKG might be useful as a treatment option to neutralize toxic effects of excessive ethanol intake and to improve the physiological state of D. melanogaster and other animals, potentially including humans.
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