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Chen Y, McClements DJ, He K, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Zhao J, Jin Z, Chen L. Effect of transglutaminase on the structure, properties and oil absorption of wheat flour. Food Chem 2024; 463:141117. [PMID: 39255700 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The structure, properties, as well as the oil absorption characteristics of wheat flour (WF) treated with varying concentrations of transglutaminase (TG) (0 U/g ∼ 50 U/g) were characterized. The content of free amino groups in WF modified by TG (TG-WF) decreased and protein aggregated. The isopeptide bonds and disulfide bonds played important roles in protein crosslinking. The thermal stability, the peak viscosity after gelatinization and protein secondary structure stability of TG-WF were improved. In addition, the oil absorption and surface oil content of TG-WF after frying were reduced. TG enhanced the protein-protein interactions in WF, so that protein played barrier roles in the process of high-temperature frying, protecting the starch particles covered by them from the infiltration of oil, thus reducing the oil absorption of TG-WF during frying. Among them, the oil content of TG-WF-30 U/g after frying was the lowest, which decreased by 10.73 % compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | | | - Kuang He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ruojie Zhang
- Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Amer H, Zhou Z, Corradini MG, Joye IJ, Rogers MA. Wheat milling across history altered sugar bioaccessibility assessed using TIM-1 in vitro digestion model. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113521. [PMID: 37986510 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The differences in wheat flour characteristics caused by ancient (pestle and mortar), old (stone hand mill), and modern (roller and cyclone) milling techniques and their effect on in vitro starch digestibility of wheat porridge using the simulated TIM Gastrointestinal Model (TIM-1) were investigated. Ancient flour (AF) was the coarsest flour (∼70 % is >1000 µm), followed by old wholemeal flour (OWF) and old refined flour (ORF) with similar particle size distribution showing one prominent peak (at ∼1000 µm for OWF and ∼800 µm for ORF). Modern refined flour (MRF) had a monomodal distribution centered at a particle size of ∼100 μm, while modern wholemeal flour (MWF) particle size was distributed between 40 and 600 μm. MRF and MWF porridges had higher cumulative sugar bioaccessibility than OWF and AF porridges, with ORF porridge having an intermediate cumulative sugar bioaccessibility. Characterizing the cumulative sugar bioaccessibility profile with a shifted logistic model allows identifying that the maximum sugar bioaccessibility and rate of sugar release were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for MRF and MWF compared to OWF and AF porridges, while the induction times were shorter, demonstrating the importance of processing on modulating starch digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Amer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Zhitong Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Maria G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Iris J Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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A promising strategy for mechanically modified wheat flour by milling of wheat endosperm. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Wu Z, Qiao D, Zhao S, Lin Q, Zhang B, Xie F. Nonthermal physical modification of starch: An overview of recent research into structure and property alterations. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:153-175. [PMID: 35092737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To tailor the properties and enhance the applicability of starch, various ways of starch modification have been practiced. Among them, physical modification methods (micronization, nonthermal plasma, high-pressure, ultrasonication, pulsed electric field, and γ-irradiation) are highly potential for starch modification considering its safety, environmentally friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, without generating chemical wastes. Thus, this article provides an overview of the recent advances in nonthermal physical modification of starch and summarizes the resulting changes in the multi-level structures and physicochemical properties. While the effect of these techniques highly depends on starch type and treatment condition, they generally lead to the destruction of starch granules, the degradation of molecules, decreases in crystallinity, gelatinization temperatures, and viscosity, increases in solubility and swelling power, and an increase or decrease in digestibility, to different extents. The advantages and shortcomings of these techniques in starch processing are compared, and the knowledge gap in this area is commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoting Wu
- Group for Cereals and Oils Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongling Qiao
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HBUT, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Group for Cereals and Oils Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Binjia Zhang
- Group for Cereals and Oils Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fengwei Xie
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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5
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Modification approaches of plant-based proteins to improve their techno-functionality and use in food products. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Wang Z, Ma S, Sun B, Wang F, Huang J, Wang X, Bao Q. Effects of thermal properties and behavior of wheat starch and gluten on their interaction: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:474-484. [PMID: 33636262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch and gluten, the most important macromolecules in wheat flour, vary in thermal properties. The thermal behavior of starch, gluten and their complexes during the manufacture and quality control of flour products need to be accurately understood. However, the high complexity of starch-gluten systems impedes the accurate description of their interactions. When heated within varying temperature ranges and when water molecules are involved, the behaviors of amylose and amylopectin change, and the properties of the starch are modified. Moreover, important indicators of starch granules such as gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, and so on, which are encapsulated by the gluten matrix, are altered. Meanwhile, the high-temperature environment induces the opening of the intrachain disulfide bonds of gliadin, leading to an increase in the probability of interchain disulfide bond formation in the gluten network system. These behaviors are notable and may provide insights into this complex interaction. In this review, the relationship between the thermal behavior of wheat starch and gluten and the quality of flour products is analyzed. Several methods used to investigate the thermal characteristics of wheat and its flour products are summarized, and some thermal interaction models of starch and gluten are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Binghua Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Fengcheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qingdan Bao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Rohleder AR, Scherf KA, Schieberle P, Koehler P. Quantitative Analyses of Key Odorants and Their Precursors Reveal Differences in the Aroma of Gluten-Free Rice Bread and Wheat Bread. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11179-11186. [PMID: 31487164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice flour is one of the most important raw materials in gluten-free products. However, the aroma of gluten-free rice bread is less accepted by consumers than that of commercial wheat bread. Therefore, 18 selected aroma compounds were determined in rice and wheat breads by stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA) to elucidate differences in the sensory characteristics, concentrations, and odor activity values (OAVs). The OAVs of most aroma compounds varied greatly between a rice and a wheat bread. In particular, 2-aminoacetophenone with a grape-like, medicinal aroma was characteristic for rice bread crumb and crust, while maltol was only relevant in wheat bread crust. Ehrlich pathway products varied in their concentration between the bread crumbs and were correlated with the contents of their corresponding free amino acid precursors in the flours and doughs. The analysis of rice flour revealed that only a few aroma compounds were retained in the bread. Consequently, the bread making process has a high relevance in aroma compound formation. In a comparison of breads prepared from fresh and stored rice flour, hexanal was identified as an important indicator for aging in rice bread and flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Rohleder
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Katharina A Scherf
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner-Str. 34 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Peter Koehler
- Biotask AG , Schelztorstraße 54-56 , 73728 Esslingen , Germany
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Vogel C, Scherf KA, Koehler P. Improvement of technological properties of wheat flour due to effects of thermal and mechanical treatments. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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