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Luan H, Liu Y, Huang S, Qiao W, Chen J, Guo T, Zhang X, Guo S, Zhang X, Qi G. Successive walnut plantations alter soil carbon quantity and quality by modifying microbial communities and enzyme activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953552. [PMID: 35958128 PMCID: PMC9358653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the spatial–temporal variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) quantity and quality and its microbial regulation mechanisms is essential for long-term SOC sequestration in agroecosystems; nevertheless, this information is lacking in the process of walnut plantations. Here, we used the modified Walkley-Black method, phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and micro-plate enzyme technique to analyze the evolution of SOC stocks and quality/lability as well as microbial communities and enzyme activities at different soil depths in walnut plantations with a chronosequence of 0-, 7-, 14-, and 21-years in the Eastern Taihang Mountains, China. The results indicated that long-term walnut plantations (14-and 21-years) enhanced SOC stocks, improved SOC quality/lability (as indicated by the lability index), and promoted microbial growth and activities (i.e., hydrolase and oxidase activities) in the 0–40 cm soil layers. Besides, these above-mentioned SOC-and microbial-related indices (except for oxidase activities) decreased with increasing soil depths, while oxidase activities were higher in deeper soils (40–60 cm) than in other soils (0–40 cm). The partial least squares path model also revealed that walnut plantation ages and soil depths had positive and negative effects on microbial attributes (e.g., enzyme activities, fungal and bacterial communities), respectively. Meanwhile, the SOC stocks were closely related to the fungal community; meanwhile, the bacterial community affected SOC quality/liability by regulating enzyme activities. Comprehensively, long-term walnut plantations were conducive to increasing SOC stocks and quality through altering microbial communities and activities in the East Taihang Mountains in Hebei, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoan Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingru Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Centre, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyan Qiao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Guo
- Institution of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Suping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Zhang,
| | - Guohui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Guohui Qi,
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Romano R, De Luca L, Vanacore M, Genovese A, Cirillo C, Aiello A, Sacchi R. Compositional and Morphological Characterization of ‘Sorrento’ and ‘Chandler’ Walnuts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050761. [PMID: 35267393 PMCID: PMC8909582 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Italy, most of the cultivated walnuts belong to the Sorrento ecotype, and they are considered commercially valuable due to their specific organoleptic characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the morphological and compositional characteristics of walnuts sampled from ‘Sorrento’ trees cultivated in different locations in Campania and trees of both the ‘Chandler’ and ‘Sorrento’ varieties derived from the same location. The results demonstrated that ‘Sorrento’ and ‘Chandler’ walnuts have different biometric characteristics and a different fat content, with the highest fat content being found in the ‘Sorrento’ variety. Regarding the fatty acid (FA) composition, the content of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (MUFAs and SFAs) was highest in the ‘Sorrento’ variety (from 13 to 15% for MUFAs and from 11 to 13% for SFAs), while the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content was highest in the ‘Chandler’ variety (77%). The total phenolics content (TPC) was highest in the ‘Sorrento’ variety (from 910 to 1230 mg GAE/100 g), while no difference in γ-tocopherol content was found. Furthermore, the influence of walnut area cultivation was shown for fat content, FA composition and TPC. Therefore, both walnut varieties demonstrated good nutritional properties considering the PUFAs and γ-tocopherol content.
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