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Balák J, Drábová L, Ilko V, Maršík D, Jarošová Kolouchová I. Preliminary Investigation of Fruit Mash Inoculation with Pure Yeast Cultures: A Case of Volatile Profile of Industrial-Scale Plum Distillates. Foods 2024; 13:1955. [PMID: 38928895 PMCID: PMC11202686 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of pure yeast culture fermentation versus spontaneous fermentation on the volatile compound profile of industrially produced plum brandy. Using traditional distillation methods, the evolution of key volatile compounds is monitored at seven different moments during the distillation process. By integrating advanced analytical techniques such as GC-MS and sensory evaluation, significant differences in the composition of the distillates are highlighted, particularly in terms of ethyl esters and higher alcohols which are key to the sensory properties of the final product. Distillates produced with the addition of pure cultures gave higher concentrations of esters than those obtained by wild fermentation. The results of our industrial research show that the most critical step is to limit the storage of the input raw material, thereby reducing the subsequent risk of producing higher concentrations of 1-propanol. Furthermore, our results indicate that the heart of the distillate can only be removed up to an ethanol content of approximately 450 g/L and that the removal of additional ethanol results in only a 10% increase in the total volume of the distillate, which in turn results in an increase in boiler heating costs of approximately 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Balák
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 6 Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Lucie Drábová
- Department of of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 6 Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (V.I.)
| | - Vojtěch Ilko
- Department of of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 6 Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (V.I.)
| | - Dominik Maršík
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 6 Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Irena Jarošová Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 6 Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (D.M.)
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Blumenthal P, Steger MC, Quintanilla Bellucci A, Segatz V, Rieke-Zapp J, Sommerfeld K, Schwarz S, Einfalt D, Lachenmeier DW. Production of Coffee Cherry Spirits from Coffea arabica Varieties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121672. [PMID: 35741872 PMCID: PMC9222383 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee pulp, obtained from wet coffee processing, is the major by-product accumulating in the coffee producing countries. One of the many approaches valorising this underestimated agricultural residue is the production of distillates. This research project deals with the production of spirits from coffee pulp using three different Coffea arabica varieties as a substrate. Coffee pulp was fermented for 72 h with a selected yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae L.), acid, pectin lyase, and water. Several parameters, such as temperature, pH, sugar concentration and alcoholic strength were measured to monitor the fermentation process. Subsequently, the alcoholic mashes were double distilled with stainless steel pot stills and a sensory evaluation of the products was conducted. Furthermore, the chemical composition of fermented mashes and produced distillates were evaluated. It showed that elevated methanol concentrations (>1.3 g/L) were present in mashes and products of all three varieties. The sensory evaluation found the major aroma descriptor for the coffee pulp spirits as being stone fruit. The fermentation and distillation experiments revealed that coffee pulp can be successfully used as a raw material for the production of fruit spirits. However, the spirit quality and its flavour characteristics can be improved with optimised process parameters and distillation equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Blumenthal
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (P.B.); (M.C.S.); (S.S.)
- Yeast Genetics and Fermentation Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 23, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Marc C. Steger
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (P.B.); (M.C.S.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Valerie Segatz
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.S.); (K.S.)
- Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Strasse 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Rieke-Zapp
- Rubiacea Research and Development GmbH, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Katharina Sommerfeld
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (P.B.); (M.C.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniel Einfalt
- Yeast Genetics and Fermentation Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 23, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-926-5434
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Abstract
Fruit spirit distillations processes are based on physical principles of heat and mass transfer. These principles are decisive for the separation of desired and undesired aroma compounds, which affect the quality of the distilled product. It is mandatory to control heat and mass transfer parameters to be able to perform fruit spirit distillation processes in a reproducible manner and to achieve equal products with similar volatile compound compositions repeatedly. Up to now, only limited information is available on the magnitude of reproducibility errors since fruit spirit distillation columns are typically not equipped with a suitable control or monitoring technique. We upgraded a batch distillation column with digitized instrumentation and a control technique to be able to control crucial parameters such as thermal energy inputs and reflux rates. This study aimed to identify whether control over two distillation parameters has the potential to enable us to perform distillation processes repeatedly. This study analyzed the magnitude of reproducibility errors for (i) six monitored distillation process parameters and (ii) 13 quantified volatile compounds in the product between duplicated distillation runs performed with equal setups. A total of eight different distillations were performed in duplicate (n = 16), while the six distillation parameters were monitored and logged every ten seconds. The produced distillates were equally subsampled into 20 fractions and each fraction analyzed for 13 volatile compound concentrations. Based on a dataset of 28,600 monitored duplicate distillation process data points, this study showed that process parameters can indeed be replicated with a median relative standard deviation (RSD) of <0.1% to 7% when two crucial process parameters are controlled. The comparison of 1540 volatile compound concentrations in the product fractions showed a reproducibility error with an average median RSD of 9 ± 8%. This illustrated that by gaining control over thermal energy input and reflux rates, the reproducibility of fruit spirit distillation processes and their associated products can largely be met. It is advisable to equip distillation columns with a suitable control technique to be able to reproduce the performance of fruit spirit distillations.
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