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Fitzgerald JJ, Zhou W, Chase SM, Joiner WM. Dissociating the Influence of Limb Posture and Visual Feedback Shifts on the Adaptation to Novel Movement Dynamics. Neuroscience 2024; 549:24-41. [PMID: 38484835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Accurate movements of the upper limb require the integration of various forms of sensory feedback (e.g., visual and postural information). The influence of these different sensory modalities on reaching movements has been largely studied by assessing endpoint errors after selectively perturbing sensory estimates of hand location. These studies have demonstrated that both vision and proprioception make key contributions in determining the reach endpoint. However, their influence on motor output throughout movement remains unclear. Here we used separate perturbations of posture and visual information to dissociate their effects on reaching dynamics and temporal force profiles during point-to-point reaching movements. We tested human subjects (N = 32) and found that vision and posture modulate select aspects of reaching dynamics. Specifically, altering arm posture influences the relationship between temporal force patterns and the motion-state variables of hand position and acceleration, whereas dissociating visual feedback influences the relationship between force patterns and the motion-state variables of velocity and acceleration. Next, we examined the extent these baseline motion-state relationships influence motor adaptation based on perturbations of movement dynamics. We trained subjects using a velocity-dependent force-field to probe the extent arm posture-dependent influences persisted after exposure to a motion-state dependent perturbation. Changes in the temporal force profiles due to variations in arm posture were not reduced by adaptation to novel movement dynamics, but persisted throughout learning. These results suggest that vision and posture differentially influence the internal estimation of limb state throughout movement and play distinct roles in forming the response to external perturbations during movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Fitzgerald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Chase
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wilsaan M Joiner
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
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2
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Kim B, Girnis J, Sweet V, Nobiling T, Agag T, Neville C. Impact of motor task conditions on end-point kinematics and trunk movements during goal-directed arm reach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4520. [PMID: 38402209 PMCID: PMC10894230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Task conditions significantly impact human motor control. We investigated how task type, difficulty, and constraints influence the kinematics of goal-directed arm reaching. Non-disabled young adults performed two distinct goal-directed arm reaching tasks: pointing and picking up an object with chopsticks. These tasks were carried out under various conditions, including constrained and unconstrained elbow extension and two different task difficulties. We collected kinematic data using a 3-D motion capture system and analyzed the effects of different task conditions on kinematic variables using linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Our findings revealed statistically significant differences in kinematics between the two tasks. Arm reaching during the picking-up task was slower and exhibited jerkier movements compared to the pointing task. Additionally, when arm reaching was performed with constrained elbow extension, it led to slower and jerkier movements, with an increased involvement of trunk movements compared to the unconstrained condition. These findings show that complex manipulative motor tasks requiring higher hand dexterity necessitate feedback-based control of arm reaching, but simple pointing tasks requiring less hand dexterity do not. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the influence of task conditions on goal-directed arm reaching kinematics and provides valuable insights into the motor control strategies involved in different tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokkyu Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13066, USA.
| | - Jaimie Girnis
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13066, USA
| | - Vanessa Sweet
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13066, USA
- Jones Memorial Hospital, Wellsville, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Nobiling
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13066, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tarek Agag
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13066, USA
| | - Christopher Neville
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Professions, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13066, USA
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3
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Yang N, Ueda S, Costa-García Á, Okajima S, Tanabe HC, Li J, Shimoda S. Dynamic causal model application on hierarchical human motor control estimation in visuomotor tasks. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1302847. [PMID: 38264093 PMCID: PMC10804418 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1302847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In brain function research, each brain region has been investigated independently, and how different parts of the brain work together has been examined using the correlations among them. However, the dynamics of how different brain regions interact with each other during time-varying tasks, such as voluntary motion tasks, are still not well-understood. Methods To address this knowledge gap, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using target tracking tasks with and without feedback. We identified the motor cortex, cerebellum, and visual cortex by using a general linear model during the tracking tasks. We then employed a dynamic causal model (DCM) and parametric empirical Bayes to quantitatively elucidate the interactions among the left motor cortex (ML), right cerebellum (CBR) and left visual cortex (VL), and their roles as higher and lower controllers in the hierarchical model. Results We found that the tracking task with visual feedback strongly affected the modulation of connection strength in ML → CBR and ML↔VL. Moreover, we found that the modulation of VL → ML, ML → ML, and ML → CBR by the tracking task with visual feedback could explain individual differences in tracking performance and muscle activity, and we validated these findings by leave-one-out cross-validation. Discussion We demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach for understanding the mechanisms underlying human motor control. Our proposed method may have important implications for the development of new technologies in personalized interventions and technologies, as it sheds light on how different brain regions interact and work together during a motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjia Yang
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sayako Ueda
- Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Álvaro Costa-García
- Human Augmentation Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shotaro Okajima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki C. Tanabe
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jingsong Li
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shingo Shimoda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Bosco A, Sanz Diez P, Filippini M, Fattori P. The influence of action on perception spans different effectors. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1145643. [PMID: 37205054 PMCID: PMC10185787 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1145643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Perception and action are fundamental processes that characterize our life and our possibility to modify the world around us. Several pieces of evidence have shown an intimate and reciprocal interaction between perception and action, leading us to believe that these processes rely on a common set of representations. The present review focuses on one particular aspect of this interaction: the influence of action on perception from a motor effector perspective during two phases, action planning and the phase following execution of the action. The movements performed by eyes, hands, and legs have a different impact on object and space perception; studies that use different approaches and paradigms have formed an interesting general picture that demonstrates the existence of an action effect on perception, before as well as after its execution. Although the mechanisms of this effect are still being debated, different studies have demonstrated that most of the time this effect pragmatically shapes and primes perception of relevant features of the object or environment which calls for action; at other times it improves our perception through motor experience and learning. Finally, a future perspective is provided, in which we suggest that these mechanisms can be exploited to increase trust in artificial intelligence systems that are able to interact with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Annalisa Bosco
| | - Pablo Sanz Diez
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tüebingen, Tüebingen, Germany
| | - Matteo Filippini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Hadjidimitrakis K, De Vitis M, Ghodrati M, Filippini M, Fattori P. Anterior-posterior gradient in the integrated processing of forelimb movement direction and distance in macaque parietal cortex. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bosco A, Bertini C, Filippini M, Foglino C, Fattori P. Machine learning methods detect arm movement impairments in a patient with parieto-occipital lesion using only early kinematic information. J Vis 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 36069943 PMCID: PMC9465938 DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.10.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with lesions of the parieto-occipital cortex typically misreach visual targets that they correctly perceive (optic ataxia). Although optic ataxia was described more than 30 years ago, distinguishing this condition from physiological behavior using kinematic data is still far from being an achievement. Here, combining kinematic analysis with machine learning methods, we compared the reaching performance of a patient with bilateral occipitoparietal damage with that of 10 healthy controls. They performed visually guided reaches toward targets located at different depths and directions. Using the horizontal, sagittal, and vertical deviation of the trajectories, we extracted classification accuracy in discriminating the reaching performance of patient from that of controls. Specifically, accurate predictions of the patient's deviations were detected after the 20% of the movement execution in all the spatial positions tested. This classification based on initial trajectory decoding was possible for both directional and depth components of the movement, suggesting the possibility of applying this method to characterize pathological motor behavior in wider frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,
| | - Caterina Bertini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,CsrNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,
| | - Matteo Filippini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,
| | - Caterina Foglino
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Alma Mater Research Institute For Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma Human AI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,
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7
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Suminski AJ, Doudlah RC, Scheidt RA. Neural Correlates of Multisensory Integration for Feedback Stabilization of the Wrist. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:815750. [PMID: 35600223 PMCID: PMC9121119 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.815750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust control of action relies on the ability to perceive, integrate, and act on information from multiple sensory modalities including vision and proprioception. How does the brain combine sensory information to regulate ongoing mechanical interactions between the body and its physical environment? Some behavioral studies suggest that the rules governing multisensory integration for action may differ from the maximum likelihood estimation rules that appear to govern multisensory integration for many perceptual tasks. We used functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, a MR-compatible robot, and a multisensory feedback control task to test that hypothesis by investigating how neural mechanisms involved in regulating hand position against mechanical perturbation respond to the presence and fidelity of visual and proprioceptive information. Healthy human subjects rested supine in a MR scanner and stabilized their wrist against constant or pseudo-random torque perturbations imposed by the robot. These two stabilization tasks were performed under three visual feedback conditions: “No-vision”: Subjects had to rely solely on proprioceptive feedback; “true-vision”: visual cursor and hand motions were congruent; and “random-vision”: cursor and hand motions were uncorrelated in time. Behaviorally, performance errors accumulated more quickly during trials wherein visual feedback was absent or incongruous. We analyzed blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations to compare task-related activations in a cerebello-thalamo-cortical neural circuit previously linked with feedback stabilization of the hand. Activation in this network varied systematically depending on the presence and fidelity of visual feedback of task performance. Addition of task related visual information caused activations in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network to expand into neighboring brain regions. Specific loci and intensity of expanded activity depended on the fidelity of visual feedback. Remarkably, BOLD signal fluctuations within these regions correlated strongly with the time series of proprioceptive errors—but not visual errors—when the fidelity of visual feedback was poor, even though visual and hand motions had similar variability characteristics. These results provide insight into the neural control of the body’s physical interactions with its environment, rejecting the standard Gaussian cue combination model of multisensory integration in favor of models that account for causal structure in the sensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Suminski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Raymond C. Doudlah
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert A. Scheidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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8
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Onagawa R, Mukai K, Kudo K. Different planning policies for the initial movement velocity depending on whether the known uncertainty is in the cursor or in the target: Motor planning in situations where two potential movement distances exist. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265943. [PMID: 35353863 PMCID: PMC8967013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During goal-directed behaviors, individuals can be required to start a movement before deciding on the final goal. Previous studies have focused on the initial movement direction in situations involving multiple targets in different directions from the starting position and have shown that the movement is initiated in the average direction among the target directions. However, the previous studies only included situations with targets at equivalent distances, and the characteristics of motor planning in situations with multiple movement possibilities over different potential distances are unclear. In such situations, movement velocity is another important control variable. Furthermore, while previous studies examined situations with an uncertain motor target position, uncertainty can also exist in the effector position (e.g., body or tool locations). Therefore, we examined (1) whether the average output is confirmed in the initial movement velocity during execution in situations involving two potential movements with different distances. In addition, we examined (2) whether planning of the movement velocity can differ depending on the presence of uncertainty in the cursor or the target. In the main conditions, the participants were required to start a reaching movement with two potential movement distances; in the two-cursor condition, two cursors were presented before the start of the trial, and in the two-target condition, two targets were presented. As a control condition, a distance condition corresponding to each main condition was also performed. In the control condition, the initial movement velocity varied linearly with distance. Then, we tested whether the initial movement velocity in situations with two potential movement distances would follow the averaging output of the corresponding control condition. The results revealed that while the initial movement velocity in the two-target condition was slower than the averaging output, that in the two-cursor condition approached the averaging output. These results suggest that the velocity profile of the goal-directed movement is not simply averaged in a situation where two potential targets exist, and that there is a difference in the planning policy of the initial movement depending on whether the known uncertainty is for the movement goal or the effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Onagawa
- Laboratory of Sports Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (RO); (KK)
| | - Kae Mukai
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Kudo
- Laboratory of Sports Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (RO); (KK)
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9
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Proprioception-based movement goals support imitation and are disrupted in apraxia. Cortex 2022; 147:140-156. [PMID: 35033899 PMCID: PMC8852218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to imitate observed actions serves as an efficient method for learning novel movements and is specifically impaired (without concomitant gross motor impairments) in the neurological disorder of limb apraxia, a disorder common after left hemisphere stroke. Research with apraxic patients has advanced our understanding of how people imitate. However, the role of proprioception in imitation has been rarely assessed directly. Prior work has proposed that proprioceptively sensed body position is transformed into a visual format, supporting the attainment of a desired imitation goal represented visually (i.e., how the movement should look when performed). In contrast, we hypothesized a more direct role for proprioception: we suggest that movement goals are also represented proprioceptively (i.e., how a desired movement should feel when performed), and the ability to represent or access such proprioceptive goals is deficient in apraxia. Using a novel imitation task in which a robot cued meaningless trajectories proprioceptively or visually, we probed the role of each sensory modality. We found that patients with left hemisphere stroke were disproportionately worse than controls at imitating when cued proprioceptively versus visually. This proprioceptive versus visual disparity was associated with apraxia severity as assessed by a traditional imitation task, but could not be explained by general proprioceptive impairment or speed-accuracy trade-offs. These data suggest that successful imitation depends in part on the ability to represent movement goals in terms of how those movements should feel, and that deficits in this ability contribute to imitation impairments in patients with apraxia.
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10
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Parry R, Sarlegna FR, Jarrassé N, Roby-Brami A. Anticipation and compensation for somatosensory deficits in object handling: evidence from a patient with large fiber sensory neuropathy. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:575-590. [PMID: 34232757 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00517.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of feedforward and feedback processes on grip force regulation and object orientation during functional manipulation tasks. One patient with massive somatosensory loss resulting from large fiber sensory neuropathy and 10 control participants were recruited. Three experiments were conducted: 1) perturbation to static holding; 2) discrete vertical movement; and 3) functional grasp and place. The availability of visual feedback was also manipulated to assess the nature of compensatory mechanisms. Results from experiment 1 indicated that both the deafferented patient and controls used anticipatory grip force adjustments before self-induced perturbation to static holding. The patient exhibited increased grip response time, but the magnitude of grip force adjustments remained correlated with perturbation forces in the self-induced and external perturbation conditions. In experiment 2, the patient applied peak grip force substantially in advance of maximum load force. Unlike controls, the patient's ability to regulate object orientation was impaired without visual feedback. In experiment 3, the duration of unloading, transport, and release phases were longer for the patient, with increased deviation of object orientation at phase transitions. These findings show that the deafferented patient uses distinct modes of anticipatory control according to task constraints and that responses to perturbations are mediated by alternative afferent information. The loss of somatosensory feedback thus appears to impair control of object orientation, whereas variation in the temporal organization of functional tasks may reflect strategies to mitigate object instability associated with changes in movement dynamics.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study evaluates the effects of sensory neuropathy on the scaling and timing of grip force adjustments across different object handling tasks (i.e., holding, vertical movement, grasping, and placement). In particular, these results illustrate how novel anticipatory and online control processes emerge to compensate for the loss of somatosensory feedback. In addition, we provide new evidence on the role of somatosensory feedback for regulating object orientation during functional prehensile movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Parry
- LINP2 - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire en Neurosciences, Physiologie et Psychologie: Activité Physique, Santé et Apprentissages, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,ISIR (Institute of Intelligent systems and robotics), Sorbonne Université UMR CNRS 7222, AGATHE team INSERM U 1150, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathanaël Jarrassé
- ISIR (Institute of Intelligent systems and robotics), Sorbonne Université UMR CNRS 7222, AGATHE team INSERM U 1150, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Roby-Brami
- ISIR (Institute of Intelligent systems and robotics), Sorbonne Université UMR CNRS 7222, AGATHE team INSERM U 1150, Paris, France
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11
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Spitzley KA, Karduna AR. Joint Position Accuracy Is Influenced by Visuoproprioceptive Congruency in Virtual Reality. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:92-101. [PMID: 34121630 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1916425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Weighted integration of visual and proprioceptive information is important in movement planning and execution. The present study used a virtual reality system to determine how upper limb movement consistency and accuracy are altered when (a) vision of the limb is removed and (b) proprioception and vision of the limb are misaligned. A one degree of freedom upper limb movement task was performed under three visual conditions of the limb; accurate vision, no vision, and offset vision. Movement consistency was unaltered by the change in visual condition. Compared to the accurate vision condition, movement accuracy was unchanged in the no vision condition but decreased with a visual offset. When available, vision was relied upon more heavily than proprioception for task completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Spitzley
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Andrew R Karduna
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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12
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Utilization of Inertial Measurement Units for Determining the Sequential Chain of Baseball Strike Posture. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093280. [PMID: 34068587 PMCID: PMC8126038 DOI: 10.3390/s21093280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to employ inertial measurement units (IMU) with an eye-tracking device to investigate different swing strategies between two levels of batters. The participants were 20 healthy males aged 20 to 30 years old, with ten professional and ten amateur batters. Eye gaze position, head, shoulder, trunk, and pelvis angular velocity, and ground reaction forces were recorded. The results showed that professional batters rotated segments more rhythmically and efficiently than the amateur group. Firstly, the professional group spent less time in the preparation stages. Secondly, the maximum angular velocity timing of each segment of the professional group was centralized in the swing cycle. Thirdly, the amateur group had significantly earlier gaze timing of the maximum angular velocity than the professional group. Moreover, the maximum angular velocity timing of the gaze was the earliest parameter among the five segments, and significantly earlier (at least 16.32% of cycle time) than the maximum angular velocity of the head, shoulder, trunk, and pelvis within the amateur group. The visual-motor coordination strategies were different between the two groups, which could successfully be determined by wearable instruments of IMU.
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13
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A brief glimpse at a haptic target is sufficient for multisensory integration in reaching movements. Vision Res 2021; 185:50-57. [PMID: 33895647 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Goal-directed aiming movements toward visuo-haptic targets (i.e., seen and handheld targets) are generally more precise than those toward visual only or haptic only targets. This multisensory advantage stems from a continuous inflow of haptic and visual target information during the movement planning and execution phases. However, in everyday life, multisensory movements often occur without the support of continuous visual information. Here we investigated whether and to what extent limiting visual information to the initial stage of the action still leads to a multisensory advantage. Participants were asked to reach a handheld target while vision was briefly provided during the movement planning phase (50 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms of vision before movement onset), or during the planning and early execution phases (400 ms of vision), or during the entire movement. Additional conditions were performed in which only haptic target information was provided, or, only vision was provided either briefly (50 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 400 ms) or throughout the entire movement. Results showed that 50 ms of vision before movement onset were sufficient to trigger a direction-specific visuo-haptic integration process that increased endpoint precision. We conclude that, when a continuous support of vision is not available, endpoint precision is determined by the less recent, but most reliable multisensory information rather than by the latest unisensory (haptic) inputs.
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Goodman R, Tremblay L. Older adults rely on somatosensory information from the effector limb in the planning of discrete movements to somatosensory cues. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111310. [PMID: 33741455 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
While younger and older adults can perform upper-limb reaches to spatial targets with comparable endpoint accuracy (i.e., Helsen et al., 2016; Goodman et al., 2020), movement planning (i.e., reaction time) is significantly longer in older versus younger adults (e.g., Pohl et al., 1996; Goodman et al., 2020). Critically relevant to the current study, age-related differences in reaction time are even greater when older adults plan movement towards somatosensory versus visual or bimodal targets in the absence of vision of the moving limb (e.g., Goodman et al., 2020). One proposed explanation of these lengthened reaction times to somatosensory targets is that older adults may be experiencing challenges in implementing sensorimotor transformations when planning discrete movements of their unseen limb. To test this idea and assess the contributions of somatosensory information to these motor planning processes, tendon vibration was applied to the muscles of the effector limb between reaching movements made towards visual, somatosensory, or bimodal targets. The results revealed that older adults show the greatest increases in reaction times when vibration was applied during the preparation of movements to somatosensory targets. Further, both older and younger adults exhibited decreased movement endpoint precision when tendon vibration was applied. However, only older adults showed significantly lower movement endpoint precision due to tendon vibration when making movements to somatosensory targets, versus both visual and bimodal targets. These results corroborate previous evidence that older adults have difficulties planning upper-limb movements to somatosensory targets. As well, these results yielded novel evidence that such motor planning processes in older adult rely on somatosensory cues from the effector limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goodman
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Canada
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Jouira G, Srihi S, Kachouri H, Ben Waer F, Rebai H, Sahli S. Static postural balance between male athletes with intellectual disabilities and their sedentary peers: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:1136-1144. [PMID: 33723923 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports showed that athletes without disabilities have better postural skills than their sedentary peers. This finding has not been elucidated in athletes with intellectual disabilities despite their decreased postural balance. This study aims to investigate static postural balance in track and field athletes with intellectual disabilities compared to their sedentary peers. METHODS Eighteen track and field athletes with intellectual disabilities (23.5 ± 4.52 years) and 18 sedentary peers (20.3 ± 3.4 years) participated in this study. A stabilometric platform was used to assess static postural balance in bipedal and unipedal stances with open (OE) and closed (CE) eyes. RESULTS In OE, the result showed significantly better static postural balance (CoPVm : p < .001; CoParea : p < .001) in athletes compared to the sedentary ones in both stances. In CE, this difference was not observed in the unipedal stance. CONCLUSION Track and field experience may improve static postural balance in athletes with intellectual disabilities, mainly when visual input is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Selim Srihi
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Kachouri
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wang Y, Zhu H, Elangovan N, Cappello L, Sandini G, Masia L, Konczak J. A robot-aided visuomotor wrist training induces gains in proprioceptive and movement accuracy in the contralateral wrist. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5281. [PMID: 33674684 PMCID: PMC7935923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive training is a neurorehabilitation approach known to improve proprioceptive acuity and motor performance of a joint/limb system. Here, we examined if such learning transfers to the contralateral joints. Using a robotic exoskeleton, 15 healthy, right-handed adults (18-35 years) trained a visuomotor task that required making increasingly small wrist movements challenging proprioceptive function. Wrist position sense just-noticeable-difference thresholds (JND) and spatial movement accuracy error (MAE) in a wrist-pointing task that was not trained were assessed before and immediately as well as 24 h after training. The main results are: first, training reduced JND thresholds (- 27%) and MAE (- 33%) in the trained right wrist. Sensory and motor gains were observable 24 h after training. Second, in the untrained left wrist, mean JND significantly decreased (- 32%) at posttest. However, at retention the effect was no longer significant. Third, motor error at the untrained wrist declined slowly. Gains were not significant at posttest, but MAE was significantly reduced (- 27%) at retention. This study provides first evidence that proprioceptive-focused visuomotor training can induce proprioceptive and motor gains not only in the trained joint but also in the contralateral, homologous joint. We discuss the possible neurophysiological mechanism behind such sensorimotor transfer and its implications for neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
- College of Exercise and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huiying Zhu
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Naveen Elangovan
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Leonardo Cappello
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Sandini
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- Institut für Technische Informatik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- Human Sensorimotor Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Phillips D, Zahariev A, Karduna A. Shoulder Joint Position Sense Can Be Reduced by Sensory Reference Frame Transformations. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:938-951. [PMID: 33593118 DOI: 10.1177/0031512521993040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Joint position sense (JPS) is commonly evaluated using an angle replication protocol with vision occluded. However, multiple sources of sensory information are integrated when moving limbs accurately, not just proprioception. The purpose of this study was to examine different availability of vision during an active JPS protocol at the shoulder. Specifically, the effects of four conditions of vision availability were examined for three target shoulder elevation angles (50°, 70° & 90°): vision occluded continuously (P-P); vision available continuously (VP-VP); vision occluded only during target memorization (P-VP); and vision occluded only during target position replication (VP-P). There were 18 participants (M age = 21, SD = 1 years). We used separate repeated ANOVAs to examine the effect of condition and target angle on participants' absolute error (AE, a measure of accuracy) and constant error (CE, a measure of directional bias). We found a significant main effect for condition and angle for both dependent variables (p < 0.01), and follow-up analysis indicated that participants were most accurate in the VP-VP condition and least accurate in the P-VP condition. Further follow-up analysis showed that accuracy improved with higher target elevation angles, consistent with previous research findings. Constant error results were similar, as there was a prominent tendency to overshoot the target. Unsurprisingly, participants performed best at the angle replication protocol with their eyes open. However, while accuracy was reduced when vision was occluded during target memorization, it was restored during target replication. This finding may have indicated an accuracy cost due to introduced noise when transforming sensory information from a proprioceptive reference frame into a visual reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Phillips
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States
| | - Albena Zahariev
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, United States
| | - Andrew Karduna
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, United States
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Singh AK, Gramann K, Chen HT, Lin CT. The impact of hand movement velocity on cognitive conflict processing in a 3D object selection task in virtual reality. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117578. [PMID: 33221452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting and correcting incorrect body movements is an essential part of everyday interaction with one's environment. The human brain provides a monitoring system that constantly controls and adjusts our actions according to our surroundings. However, when our brain's predictions about a planned action do not match the sensory inputs resulting from that action, cognitive conflict occurs. Much is known about cognitive conflict in 1D/2D environments; however, less is known about the role of movement characteristics associated with cognitive conflict in 3D environment. Hence, we devised an object selection task in a virtual reality (VR) environment to test how the velocity of hand movements impacts human brain responses. From a series of analyses of EEG recordings synchronized with motion capture, we found that the velocity of the participants' hand movements modulated the brain's response to proprioceptive feedback during the task and induced a prediction error negativity (PEN). Additionally, the PEN originates in the anterior cingulate cortex and is itself modulated by the ballistic phase of the hand's movement. These findings suggest that velocity is an essential component of integrating hand movements with visual and proprioceptive information during interactions with real and virtual objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K Singh
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia.
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany; Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Chin-Teng Lin
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
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19
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Manzone DM, Tremblay L. Contributions of exercise-induced fatigue versus intertrial tendon vibration on visual-proprioceptive weighting for goal-directed movement. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:802-814. [PMID: 32755335 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00263.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that exercise-induced muscle fatigue and tendon vibration can alter proprioceptive estimates of limb position. While exercise-induced muscle fatigue may also affect central efferent processes related to limb position sense, tendon vibration specifically targets peripheral afferent signals. It is unclear, however, whether either of these perturbations (i.e., muscle fatigue or tendon vibration) can alter the multisensory weighting processes preceding goal-directed movements. The current study sought to specifically explore visual-proprioceptive weighting before or after eccentric exercise-induced antagonist muscle fatigue (experiment 1) versus with or without intertrial simultaneous agonist-antagonist tendon vibration (experiment 2). To assess sensory weighting, a visual-proprioceptive mismatch between the participant's actual initial starting position and the associated visual cursor position was employed. This method provides an estimate of the participant's reliance on the proprioceptive or visual starting limb position for their aiming movements. Although there was clear evidence of muscle fatigue, there was no systematic alteration of proprioceptive weighting after eccentric exercise and no relationship between sensory weighting and the level of fatigue. On the other hand, participants' reliance on their actual (proprioceptive) limb position was systematically reduced when exposed to agonist-antagonist tendon vibration before each aiming movement. These findings provide seminal evidence that intertrial tendon vibration, but not exercise-induced fatigue, can alter the reliability of proprioceptive estimates and the relative contributions of visual and proprioceptive information for goal-directed movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous work has used muscle fatigue or tendon vibration to perturb proprioceptive limb position estimates. This study sought to determine whether exercise-induced muscle fatigue versus intertrial tendon vibration can alter multisensory weighting for upper limb-aiming movements. By introducing a discrepancy between participants' actual proprioceptive and visual finger position, this study provides seminal evidence for the reduction of proprioceptive-to-visual weighting using intertrial tendon vibration but no evidence for a systematic reduction following exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Manzone
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Feng J, Hung TM, Huang R, Hou S, Ren J. Role of Proprioception in Slow and Rapid Movements. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 127:281-298. [PMID: 31856659 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519895632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the contributions of sources of proprioception to the reproduction accuracy of relatively slower and more rapid arm movements. We recruited 34 volunteers and gave them dart throwing tasks under two different durations followed by joint position sense (JPS) tests and force sense (FS) tests at the elbow and the wrist. We found moderately positive correlations between slow movement performance and proprioceptive acuity with FS (wrist) and JPS (elbow), accounting for 52% of the absolute errors ( p < .001), and, with FS (wrist), accounting for 50% of the variable error ( p < .001). Moreover, we observed a smaller correlation between rapid movement performance and proprioceptive acuity, accounting for 17% of absolute errors with JPS (elbow; p = .008) and 11% of variable error ( p = .033). These results suggest that relatively slow movement performance is partly determined by performers’ proprioceptive acuity of the movement-related limbs. Relatively rapid movement performance is also affected by correctional proprioceptive feedback, though to a lesser degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, China.,Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, China
| | - Shuang Hou
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, China
| | - Jie Ren
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, China
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21
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Dart Throwing with the Open and Closed Eyes: Kinematic Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4217491. [PMID: 31827583 PMCID: PMC6885837 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4217491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eye-hand coordination during dart throwing includes both the sensory and motor components, as well as cognitive variables, for example, the direction of the subject's attention to the target or to the hand kinematic. In the present study, subjects performed dart throws in the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions with simultaneous recording of the kinematics of the throwing hand. The results showed that the position of the hand in its raising phase was closer to the torso when performing more accurate throws with the eyes-open condition compared to more peripheral throws and throws performed in the eyes-closed condition. Following the dart release, the position of the hand in the eyes-open condition was lower compared to the eyes-closed condition. Additionally, in the eyes-closed condition, raising the hand in its backward moving phase negatively predicts the throwing accuracy. Thus, the early phase of the movement is associated with attention, and the final phase is associated with the visual feedback about the throwing accuracy. Raising the hand in the eyes-closed condition reflects an increase in muscle tension, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of movement. The results of the study can be applied in sports and in the treatment of hand-eye-coordination disorders.
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22
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The neglected medial part of macaque area PE: segregated processing of reach depth and direction. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2537-2557. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Soares MAA, Bonuzzi GMG, Coelho DB, Torriani-Pasin C. Effects of extrinsic feedback on the motor learning after stroke. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Daprati E, Sirigu A, Nico D. Remembering actions without proprioception. Cortex 2018; 113:29-36. [PMID: 30576985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that agency signals generated by enactment provide memories with an enduring episodic marker that can successively be exploited to facilitate recall. Current theories of motor awareness highlight the role of prospective and retrospective sensorimotor cues in the construction of sense of agency (SA). To explore how these signals impact on memory for actions, we studied the effect of enactment in a patient with complete loss of somatic sensation below nose level, and compared her performance to that of a group of neurologically intact individuals. A memory advantage for enacted material was clearly detectable in the control group and, interestingly, also in sensory deafferented patient GL. This novel finding shows that robust memory for actions can be obtained even in the absence of somatosensory reafferences. We hypothesize that the neural processes evoked by intention to move, together with visual experience about one's actions, provide the long-lasting agency signals that are responsible for the special quality of self-performed actions and may support autobiographical experience. Proprioceptive cues, being more time-constrained, are critical to online SA but do not necessarily partake in offline action representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daprati
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi & CBMS, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Angela Sirigu
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR, Bron, France
| | - Daniele Nico
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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25
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Jabnoun S, Borji R, Sahli S. Postural control of Parkour athletes compared to recreationally active subjects under different sensory manipulations: A pilot study. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:461-470. [PMID: 30303464 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1527948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In Parkour activity, the aim is to move from one place to another as quickly and efficiently as possible by running, climbing, swinging, vaulting, rolling, crawling and jumping on tiny obstacles … . Performing these actions places a great demand on the postural control system. The purpose of the present study was to investigate postural control of Parkour practitioners - called Traceurs - compared to recreationally active (RA) subjects in different postural conditions after manipulating the visual and/or proprioceptive sensory inputs. Ten Traceurs (mean experience 5.9 ± 0.9 years; >5 hours per week) and 10 RA subjects participated in this study. We measured the centre of pressure area (CoPA) of the upright standing bipedal and unipedal postures in different postural conditions: on a firm and on a foam surfaces; on an oscillating surface in the sagittal plane and in the frontal plane in eyes open and eyes closed. To evaluate vision contribution, the Romberg index (RI) was calculated. Results showed that Traceurs presented a significant (P < .001) lower CoPA values compared to RA subjects in eyes closed condition, suggesting that they were able to maintain a better balance control when vision is removed. Traceurs seems to be less dependent on visual cues (lower RI values) and proprioceptive inputs for maintaining balance than RA subjects. According to our study, Parkour training (experience for at least five years with a minimum of five hours per week) may improve postural abilities of young adult practitioners in specific postural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Jabnoun
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Rihab Borji
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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26
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Surkar SM, Hoffman RM, Davies B, Harbourne R, Kurz MJ. Impaired anticipatory vision and visuomotor coordination affects action planning and execution in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 80:64-73. [PMID: 29940386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action-planning and execution deficits in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) are potentially due to deficits in the integration of sensory information, such as vision, with motor output. AIMS To determine differences in anticipatory visual patterns in children with HCP compared to typically developing (TD) children, and to assess visuomotor coordination in children with HCP. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We included 13 children with HCP (Age = 6.8 + 2.9 yrs) and 15 TD children (Age = 5.8 + 1.1 yrs). The experimental task used in this study is a valid action-planning task, which consisted of initially reaching and grasping an object placed at a fixed position, followed by placing the object in a random target position. Visual patterns were recorded using a head-mounted eye-tracker system and arm movements were recorded using motion capture (120 Hz). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Children with HCP had delayed anticipatory gaze time and longer latency than TD children during the planning and execution phases. Children with HCP also had a higher frequency of gaze shifts, longer reaction times (RT) and movement times (MT) than TD children. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Children with HCP may have deficits in anticipatory vision, which potentially affected planning and executing a goal-directed action. Therapeutic interventions focusing on improving visuomotor coordination may improve the motor performance in children with HCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati M Surkar
- Munroe Meyer Institute of Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Sensorimotor Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198-5450, United States.
| | - Rashelle M Hoffman
- Munroe Meyer Institute of Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Sensorimotor Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198-5450, United States.
| | - Brenda Davies
- Munroe Meyer Institute of Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Sensorimotor Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198-5450, United States.
| | - Regina Harbourne
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Department of Physical Therapy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, United States.
| | - Max J Kurz
- Munroe Meyer Institute of Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Sensorimotor Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, 68198-5450, United States.
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Goodman R, Tremblay L. Using proprioception to control ongoing actions: dominance of vision or altered proprioceptive weighing? Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1897-1910. [PMID: 29696313 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Visual feedback is crucial for movement accuracy (e.g., Keele and Posner, J Exp Psychol 77:155-158, 1968). As well, proprioception has been argued to be important for the control of voluntary movements (e.g., Bagesteiro et al., Exp Brain Res 171:358-370, 2006; Rossetti et al., J Neurophysiol 74:457-463, 1995). While tendon vibration (TVib) has been used to perturb proprioceptive information during limb matching tasks (Goodwin et al., Science 175:1382-1384, 1972), the current study employed between-trial dual-muscle TVib, coupled with vision occlusion, to assess the use of vision and proprioception for the online control of voluntary movements. Participants (n = 17) performed an upper-limb reaching task (30 cm). TVib influenced both accuracy and precision of movement endpoint. Critically, variability analyses showed that participant's performance was most affected by TVib at 75% of the movement duration, even in the presence of vision. These findings demonstrate that between-trial dual-muscle tendon vibration can perturb proprioceptive feedback, and further, suggest that proprioception can be important for the online control of reaches, even when vision is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goodman
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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28
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Goodman R, Crainic VA, Bested SR, Wijeyaratnam D, de Grosbois J, Tremblay L. Amending Ongoing Upper-Limb Reaches: Visual and Proprioceptive Contributions? Multisens Res 2018; 31:455-480. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to maximize the precise completion of voluntary actions, humans can theoretically utilize both visual and proprioceptive information to plan and amend ongoing limb trajectories. Although vision has been thought to be a more dominant sensory modality, research has shown that sensory feedback may be processed as a function of its relevance and reliability. As well, theoretical models of voluntary action have suggested that both vision and proprioception can be used to prepare online trajectory amendments. However, empirical evidence regarding the use of proprioception for online control has come from indirect manipulations from the sensory feedback (i.e., without directly perturbing the afferent information; e.g., visual–proprioceptive mismatch). In order to directly assess the relative contributions of visual and proprioceptive feedback to the online control of voluntary actions, direct perturbations to both vision (i.e., liquid crystal goggles) and proprioception (i.e., tendon vibration) were implemented in two experiments. The first experiment employed the manipulations while participants simply performed a rapid goal-directed movement (30 cm amplitude). Results from this first experiment yielded no significant evidence that proprioceptive feedback contributed to online control processes. The second experiment employed an imperceptible target jump to elicit online trajectory amendments. Without or with tendon vibration, participants still corrected for the target jumps. The current study provided more evidence of the importance of vision for online control but little support for the importance of proprioception for online limb–target regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goodman
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre of Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Valentin A. Crainic
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre of Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Stephen R. Bested
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre of Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Darrin O. Wijeyaratnam
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre of Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - John de Grosbois
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre of Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre of Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
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Pacheco TBF, Oliveira Rego IA, Campos TF, Cavalcanti FADC. Brain activity during a lower limb functional task in a real and virtual environment: A comparative study. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 40:391-400. [PMID: 28222559 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual Reality (VR) has been contributing to Neurological Rehabilitation because of its interactive and multisensory nature, providing the potential of brain reorganization. Given the use of mobile EEG devices, there is the possibility of investigating how the virtual therapeutic environment can influence brain activity. OBJECTIVE To compare theta, alpha, beta and gamma power in healthy young adults during a lower limb motor task in a virtual and real environment. METHODS Ten healthy adults were submitted to an EEG assessment while performing a one-minute task consisted of going up and down a step in a virtual environment - Nintendo Wii virtual game "Basic step" - and in a real environment. RESULTS Real environment caused an increase in theta and alpha power, with small to large size effects mainly in the frontal region. VR caused a greater increase in beta and gamma power, however, with small or negligible effects on a variety of regions regarding beta frequency, and medium to very large effects on the frontal and the occipital regions considering gamma frequency. CONCLUSIONS Theta, alpha, beta and gamma activity during the execution of a motor task differs according to the environment that the individual is exposed - real or virtual - and may have varying size effects if brain area activation and frequency spectrum in each environment are taken into consideration.
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Siqueira GSL, Amaral MVG, Schiefer M, Schlee G, Schultz-Wenk TF, de Almeida MN, Nicoliche EB, Cossich VRA, Motta G, Morrissey D, Salles JI. Proprioceptive deficit after total elbow arthroplasty: an observational study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:2017-2022. [PMID: 28941975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), most of the joint capsule is removed, including many mechanoreceptors important for proprioception, which potentially limits the patient's postoperative functional recovery. We quantified proprioceptive loss by measuring the threshold to detection of passive motion (TTDPM) in patients after unilateral TEA compared with the contralateral side. METHODS A continuous passive motion device moving the elbow at 0.5°/s was used to evaluate TTDPM in 8 patients (mean ± standard deviation age, 69.1 ± 9.93 years) at least 1 year after unilateral semiconstricted linked TEA for a range of diagnoses. Elbow function after TEA was assessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Scale. RESULTS Postsurgical Mayo scores revealed 4 excellent results, 2 good, and 2 poor. The TTDPM in the elbows undergoing arthroplasty was still significantly higher compared with the contralateral elbow at 4.2° (15.6 ± 6.9 seconds vs. 7.2 ± 2.6 seconds; D = 3.23, P = .01) equivalent to 8.4 seconds. CONCLUSIONS Patients who have had severe joint disease requiring semiconstrained TEA have long-term proprioception deficits. A more conservative technique that maximally preserves insertions and soft tissues, might minimize upper limb proprioceptive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucio S L Siqueira
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius G Amaral
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio Schiefer
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gunther Schlee
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schultz-Wenk
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio N de Almeida
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Nicoliche
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Victor R A Cossich
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Motta
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK; Phyisotherapy Department, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - José Inácio Salles
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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31
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Krüger M, Straube A, Eggert T. The Propagation of Movement Variability in Time: A Methodological Approach for Discrete Movements with Multiple Degrees of Freedom. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:93. [PMID: 29081743 PMCID: PMC5645523 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, theory-building in motor neuroscience and our understanding of the synergistic control of the redundant human motor system has significantly profited from the emergence of a range of different mathematical approaches to analyze the structure of movement variability. Approaches such as the Uncontrolled Manifold method or the Noise-Tolerance-Covariance decomposition method allow to detect and interpret changes in movement coordination due to e.g., learning, external task constraints or disease, by analyzing the structure of within-subject, inter-trial movement variability. Whereas, for cyclical movements (e.g., locomotion), mathematical approaches exist to investigate the propagation of movement variability in time (e.g., time series analysis), similar approaches are missing for discrete, goal-directed movements, such as reaching. Here, we propose canonical correlation analysis as a suitable method to analyze the propagation of within-subject variability across different time points during the execution of discrete movements. While similar analyses have already been applied for discrete movements with only one degree of freedom (DoF; e.g., Pearson's product-moment correlation), canonical correlation analysis allows to evaluate the coupling of inter-trial variability across different time points along the movement trajectory for multiple DoF-effector systems, such as the arm. The theoretical analysis is illustrated by empirical data from a study on reaching movements under normal and disturbed proprioception. The results show increased movement duration, decreased movement amplitude, as well as altered movement coordination under ischemia, which results in a reduced complexity of movement control. Movement endpoint variability is not increased under ischemia. This suggests that healthy adults are able to immediately and efficiently adjust the control of complex reaching movements to compensate for the loss of proprioceptive information. Further, it is shown that, by using canonical correlation analysis, alterations in movement coordination that indicate changes in the control strategy concerning the use of motor redundancy can be detected, which represents an important methodical advance in the context of neuromechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Krüger
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich Großhadern, Munich, Germany.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Munich Großhadern, Munich, Germany
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32
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Totty MS, Wade E. Muscle Activation and Inertial Motion Data for Noninvasive Classification of Activities of Daily Living. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:1069-1076. [PMID: 28809669 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2738440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Remote monitoring of physical activity using body-worn sensors provides an objective alternative to current functional assessment tools. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of classifying categories of activities of daily living from the functional arm activity behavioral observation system (FAABOS) using muscle activation and motion data. METHODS Ten nondisabled, healthy adults were fitted with a Myo armband on the upper forearm. This multimodal commercial sensor device features surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors, an accelerometer, and a rate gyroscope. Participants performed 17 different activities of daily living, which belonged to one of four functional groups according to the FAABOS. Signal magnitude area (SMA) and mean values were extracted from the acceleration and angular rate of change data; root mean square (RMS) was computed for the sEMG data. A nearest neighbors machine learning algorithm was then applied to predict the FAABOS task category using these raw data as inputs. RESULTS Mean acceleration, SMA of acceleration, mean angular rate of change, and RMS of sEMG were significantly different across the four FAABOS categories ( in all cases). A classifier using mean acceleration, mean angular rate of change, and sEMG data was able to predict task category with 89.2% accuracy. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the feasibility of using a combination of sEMG and motion data to noninvasively classify types of activities of daily living. SIGNIFICANCE This approach may be useful for quantifying daily activity performance in ambient settings as a more ecologically valid measure of function in healthy and disease-affected individuals.
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McKenna E, Bray LCJ, Zhou W, Joiner WM. The absence or temporal offset of visual feedback does not influence adaptation to novel movement dynamics. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2483-2498. [PMID: 28794198 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00636.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delays in transmitting and processing sensory information require correctly associating delayed feedback to issued motor commands for accurate error compensation. The flexibility of this alignment between motor signals and feedback has been demonstrated for movement recalibration to visual manipulations, but the alignment dependence for adapting movement dynamics is largely unknown. Here we examined the effect of visual feedback manipulations on force-field adaptation. Three subject groups used a manipulandum while experiencing a lag in the corresponding cursor motion (0, 75, or 150 ms). When the offset was applied at the start of the session (continuous condition), adaptation was not significantly different between groups. However, these similarities may be due to acclimation to the offset before motor adaptation. We tested additional subjects who experienced the same delays concurrent with the introduction of the perturbation (abrupt condition). In this case adaptation was statistically indistinguishable from the continuous condition, indicating that acclimation to feedback delay was not a factor. In addition, end-point errors were not significantly different across the delay or onset conditions, but end-point correction (e.g., deceleration duration) was influenced by the temporal offset. As an additional control, we tested a group of subjects who performed without visual feedback and found comparable movement adaptation results. These results suggest that visual feedback manipulation (absence or temporal misalignment) does not affect adaptation to novel dynamics, independent of both acclimation and perceptual awareness. These findings could have implications for modeling how the motor system adjusts to errors despite concurrent delays in sensory feedback information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A temporal offset between movement and distorted visual feedback (e.g., visuomotor rotation) influences the subsequent motor recalibration, but the effects of this offset for altered movement dynamics are largely unknown. Here we examined the influence of 1) delayed and 2) removed visual feedback on the adaptation to novel movement dynamics. These results contribute to understanding of the control strategies that compensate for movement errors when there is a temporal separation between motion state and sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McKenna
- Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Laurence C Jayet Bray
- Sensorimotor Integration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; and
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Sensorimotor Integration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; and
| | - Wilsaan M Joiner
- Program in Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; .,Sensorimotor Integration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; and.,Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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de Grosbois J, Tremblay L. Distinct and flexible rates of online control. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 82:1054-1072. [PMID: 28733770 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-017-0888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Elliott et al. (Hum Mov Sci 10:393-418, 1991) proposed a pseudocontinuous model of online control whereby overlapping corrections lead to the appearance of smooth kinematic profiles in the presence of online feedback. More recently, it was also proposed that online control is not a singular process [see Elliott et al. (Psychol Bull 136(6):1023-1044, 2010)]. However, support for contemporary models of online control were based on methodologies that were not designed to be sensitive to different online control sub-processes. The current study sought to evaluate the possibility of multiple distinct (i.e., visual and non-visual) mechanisms contributing to the control of reaching movements completed in either a full-vision, a no-vision, or a no-vision memory-guided condition. Frequency domain analysis was applied to the acceleration traces of reaching movements. In an attempt to elicit a modulation in the online control mechanisms, these movements were completed at two levels of spatio-temporal constraint, namely with 10 and 30 cm target distances. One finding was that performance in the full-vision relative to both no-vision conditions could be distinguished via two distinct frequency peaks. Increases in the peak magnitude at the lower frequencies were associated with visuomotor mechanisms and increases in the peak magnitude at the higher frequencies were associated with non-visual mechanisms. In addition, performance to the 30-cm target led to a lower peak at a lower frequency relative to the 10 cm target, indicating that the iterative rates of visuomotor control mechanisms are flexible and sensitive to the spatio-temporal constraints of the associated movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John de Grosbois
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada.,Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Perceptual-Motor Behaviour Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada. .,Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Perceptual-Motor Behaviour Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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35
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Bosco A, Piserchia V, Fattori P. Multiple Coordinate Systems and Motor Strategies for Reaching Movements When Eye and Hand Are Dissociated in Depth and Direction. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:323. [PMID: 28690504 PMCID: PMC5481402 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching behavior represents one of the basic aspects of human cognitive abilities important for the interaction with the environment. Reaching movements towards visual objects are controlled by mechanisms based on coordinate systems that transform the spatial information of target location into appropriate motor response. Although recent works have extensively studied the encoding of target position for reaching in three-dimensional space at behavioral level, the combined analysis of reach errors and movement variability has so far been investigated by few studies. Here we did so by testing 12 healthy participants in an experiment where reaching targets were presented at different depths and directions in foveal and peripheral viewing conditions. Each participant executed a memory-guided task in which he/she had to reach the memorized position of the target. A combination of vector and gradient analysis, novel for behavioral data, was applied to analyze patterns of reach errors for different combinations of eye/target positions. The results showed reach error patterns based on both eye- and space-centered coordinate systems: in depth more biased towards a space-centered representation and in direction mixed between space- and eye-centered representation. We calculated movement variability to describe different trajectory strategies adopted by participants while reaching to the different eye/target configurations tested. In direction, the distribution of variability between configurations that shared the same eye/target relative configuration was different, whereas in configurations that shared the same spatial position of targets, it was similar. In depth, the variability showed more similar distributions in both pairs of eye/target configurations tested. These results suggest that reaching movements executed in geometries that require hand and eye dissociations in direction and depth showed multiple coordinate systems and different trajectory strategies according to eye/target configurations and the two dimensions of space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Piserchia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
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36
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VanGilder P, Shi Y, Apker G, Dyson K, Buneo CA. Multisensory Interactions Influence Neuronal Spike Train Dynamics in the Posterior Parietal Cortex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166786. [PMID: 28033334 PMCID: PMC5199055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding multisensory interactions at the behavioral level, their underlying neural mechanisms remain relatively poorly understood in cortical areas, particularly during the control of action. In recent experiments where animals reached to and actively maintained their arm position at multiple spatial locations while receiving either proprioceptive or visual-proprioceptive position feedback, multisensory interactions were shown to be associated with reduced spiking (i.e. subadditivity) as well as reduced intra-trial and across-trial spiking variability in the superior parietal lobule (SPL). To further explore the nature of such interaction-induced changes in spiking variability we quantified the spike train dynamics of 231 of these neurons. Neurons were classified as Poisson, bursty, refractory, or oscillatory (in the 13–30 Hz “beta-band”) based on their spike train power spectra and autocorrelograms. No neurons were classified as Poisson-like in either the proprioceptive or visual-proprioceptive conditions. Instead, oscillatory spiking was most commonly observed with many neurons exhibiting these oscillations under only one set of feedback conditions. The results suggest that the SPL may belong to a putative beta-synchronized network for arm position maintenance and that position estimation may be subserved by different subsets of neurons within this network depending on available sensory information. In addition, the nature of the observed spiking variability suggests that models of multisensory interactions in the SPL should account for both Poisson-like and non-Poisson variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul VanGilder
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Gregory Apker
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Keith Dyson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Buneo
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reference frames for reaching when decoupling eye and target position in depth and direction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21646. [PMID: 26876496 PMCID: PMC4753502 DOI: 10.1038/srep21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial representations in cortical areas involved in reaching movements were traditionally studied in a frontoparallel plane where the two-dimensional target location and the movement direction were the only variables to consider in neural computations. No studies so far have characterized the reference frames for reaching considering both depth and directional signals. Here we recorded from single neurons of the medial posterior parietal area V6A during a reaching task where fixation point and reaching targets were decoupled in direction and depth. We found a prevalent mixed encoding of target position, with eye-centered and spatiotopic representations differently balanced in the same neuron. Depth was stronger in defining the reference frame of eye-centered cells, while direction was stronger in defining that of spatiotopic cells. The predominant presence of various typologies of mixed encoding suggests that depth and direction signals are processed on the basis of flexible coordinate systems to ensure optimal motor response.
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Kimura D, Kadota K, Kinoshita H. The impact of aging on the spatial accuracy of quick corrective arm movements in response to sudden target displacement during reaching. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:182. [PMID: 26441641 PMCID: PMC4585039 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related declines in visuomotor processing speed can have a large impact on motor performance in elderly individuals. Contrary to previous findings, however, recent studies revealed that elderly individuals are able to quickly react to displacement of a visual target during reaching. Here, we investigated the influence of aging on quick, corrective responses to perturbations during reaching in the terms of their functional contribution to accuracy. Elderly and young adults performed reaching movements to a visual target that could be displaced during reaching, and they were requested to move their hand to reach the final target location as quickly as possible. Results showed that, for the younger group, the variance in the directional error of the corrective response correlated with the variance in the reaching trajectory at the halfway point of the reach, but the correlation decreased at the end of the reaching. On the other hand, such correlations were not significant in elderly participants, although the variance of the directional error did not show a significant difference between age groups. Thus, the quick, corrective response seems to play an important role in decreasing variability, especially before the end of reaching, and aging can impair this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kimura
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Koji Kadota
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Toyonaka, Japan
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39
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Brain control and information transfer. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:3335-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Mizelle JC, Oparah A, Wheaton LA. Reliability of Visual and Somatosensory Feedback in Skilled Movement: The Role of the Cerebellum. Brain Topogr 2015; 29:27-41. [PMID: 26306810 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-015-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The integration of vision and somatosensation is required to allow for accurate motor behavior. While both sensory systems contribute to an understanding of the state of the body through continuous updating and estimation, how the brain processes unreliable sensory information remains to be fully understood in the context of complex action. Using functional brain imaging, we sought to understand the role of the cerebellum in weighting visual and somatosensory feedback by selectively reducing the reliability of each sense individually during a tool use task. We broadly hypothesized upregulated activation of the sensorimotor and cerebellar areas during movement with reduced visual reliability, and upregulated activation of occipital brain areas during movement with reduced somatosensory reliability. As specifically compared to reduced somatosensory reliability, we expected greater activations of ipsilateral sensorimotor cerebellum for intact visual and somatosensory reliability. Further, we expected that ipsilateral posterior cognitive cerebellum would be affected with reduced visual reliability. We observed that reduced visual reliability results in a trend towards the relative consolidation of sensorimotor activation and an expansion of cerebellar activation. In contrast, reduced somatosensory reliability was characterized by the absence of cerebellar activations and a trend towards the increase of right frontal, left parietofrontal activation, and temporo-occipital areas. Our findings highlight the role of the cerebellum for specific aspects of skillful motor performance. This has relevance to understanding basic aspects of brain functions underlying sensorimotor integration, and provides a greater understanding of cerebellar function in tool use motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mizelle
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Cognitive Motor Control Laboratory, School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 555 14th St., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0356, USA
| | - Alexis Oparah
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Box 90086, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lewis A Wheaton
- Cognitive Motor Control Laboratory, School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 555 14th St., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0356, USA.
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Hadjidimitrakis K, Dal Bo' G, Breveglieri R, Galletti C, Fattori P. Overlapping representations for reach depth and direction in caudal superior parietal lobule of macaques. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:2340-52. [PMID: 26269557 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00486.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching movements in the real world have typically a direction and a depth component. Despite numerous behavioral studies, there is no consensus on whether reach coordinates are processed in separate or common visuomotor channels. Furthermore, the neural substrates of reach depth in parietal cortex have been ignored in most neurophysiological studies. In the medial posterior parietal area V6A, we recently demonstrated the strong presence of depth signals and the extensive convergence of depth and direction information on single neurons during all phases of a fixate-to-reach task in 3-dimensional (3D) space. Using the same task, in the present work we examined the processing of direction and depth information in area PEc of the caudal superior parietal lobule (SPL) in three Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Across the task, depth and direction had a similar, high incidence of modulatory effect. The effect of direction was stronger than depth during the initial fixation period. As the task progressed toward arm movement execution, depth tuning became more prominent than directional tuning and the number of cells modulated by both depth and direction increased significantly. Neurons tuned by depth showed a small bias for far peripersonal space. Cells with directional modulations were more frequently tuned toward contralateral spatial locations, but ipsilateral space was also represented. These findings, combined with results from neighboring areas V6A and PE, support a rostral-to-caudal gradient of overlapping representations for reach depth and direction in SPL. These findings also support a progressive change from visuospatial (vergence angle) to somatomotor representations of 3D space in SPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Hadjidimitrakis
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giulia Dal Bo'
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Rossella Breveglieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
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Kim SI, Song IH, Cho S, Kim IY, Ku J, Kang YJ, Jang DP. Proprioception rehabilitation training system for stroke patients using virtual reality technology. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:4621-4. [PMID: 24110764 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a virtual reality (VR) proprioceptive rehabilitation system that could manipulate the visual feedback of upper-limb during training and could do training by relying on proprioception feedback only. Virtual environments were designed in order to switch visual feedback on/off during upper-limb training. Two types of VR training tasks were designed for evaluating the effect of the proprioception focused training compared to the training with visual feedback. In order to evaluate the developed proprioception feedback virtual environment system, we recruited ten stroke patients (age: 54.7± 7.83years, on set: 3.29± 3.83 years). All patients performed three times PFVE task in order to check the improvement of proprioception function just before training session, after one week training, and after all training. In a comparison between FMS score and PFVE, the FMS score had a significant relationship with the error distance(r = -.662, n=10, p = .037) and total movement distance(r = -.726, n=10, p = .018) in PFVE. Comparing the training effect between in virtual environment with visual feedback and with proprioception, the click count, error distance and total error distance was more reduced in PFVE than VFVE. (Click count: p = 0.005, error distance: p = 0.001, total error distance: p = 0.007). It suggested that the proprioception feedback rather than visual feedback could be effective means to enhancing motor control during rehabilitation training. The developed VR system for rehabilitation has been verified in that stroke patients improved motor control after VR proprioception feedback training.
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Abstract
The authors examined the resolution of a discrepancy between visual and proprioceptive estimates of arm position in 10 participants. The participants fixed their right shoulder at 0°, 30°, or 60° of transverse adduction while they viewed a video on a head-mounted display that showed their right arm extended in front of the trunk for 30 min. The perceived arm position more closely approached the seen arm position on the display as the difference between the actual and visually displayed arm positions increased. In the extreme case of a 90° discrepancy, the seen arm position on the display was very gradually perceived as approaching the actual arm position. The magnitude of changes in sensory estimates was larger for proprioception (20%) than for vision (< 10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Masumoto
- a The Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education , Kato , Japan
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Kilteni K, Maselli A, Kording KP, Slater M. Over my fake body: body ownership illusions for studying the multisensory basis of own-body perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:141. [PMID: 25852524 PMCID: PMC4371812 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Which is my body and how do I distinguish it from the bodies of others, or from objects in the surrounding environment? The perception of our own body and more particularly our sense of body ownership is taken for granted. Nevertheless, experimental findings from body ownership illusions (BOIs), show that under specific multisensory conditions, we can experience artificial body parts or fake bodies as our own body parts or body, respectively. The aim of the present paper is to discuss how and why BOIs are induced. We review several experimental findings concerning the spatial, temporal, and semantic principles of crossmodal stimuli that have been applied to induce BOIs. On the basis of these principles, we discuss theoretical approaches concerning the underlying mechanism of BOIs. We propose a conceptualization based on Bayesian causal inference for addressing how our nervous system could infer whether an object belongs to our own body, using multisensory, sensorimotor, and semantic information, and we discuss how this can account for several experimental findings. Finally, we point to neural network models as an implementational framework within which the computational problem behind BOIs could be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kilteni
- Event Lab, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; IR3C Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Maselli
- Event Lab, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konrad P Kording
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mel Slater
- Event Lab, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; IR3C Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona, Spain
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Iandolo R, Squeri V, De Santis D, Giannoni P, Morasso P, Casadio M. Proprioceptive bimanual test in intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:72. [PMID: 25741268 PMCID: PMC4332282 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Is there any difference between matching the position of the hands by asking the subjects to move them to the same spatial location or to mirror-symmetric locations with respect to the body midline? If the motion of the hands were planned in the extrinsic space, the mirror-symmetric task would imply an additional challenge, because we would need to flip the coordinates of the target on the other side of the workspace. Conversely, if the planning were done in intrinsic coordinates, in order to move both hands to the same spot in the workspace, we should compute different joint angles for each arm. Even if both representations were available to the subjects, the two tasks might lead to different results, providing some cue on the organization of the "body schema". In order to answer such questions, the middle fingertip of the non-dominant hand of a population of healthy subjects was passively moved by a manipulandum to 20 different target locations. Subjects matched these positions with the middle fingertip of their dominant hand. For most subjects, the matching accuracy was higher in the extrinsic modality both in terms of systematic error and variability, even for the target locations in which the configuration of the arms was the same for both modalities. This suggests that the matching performance of the subjects could be determined not only by proprioceptive information but also by the cognitive representation of the task: expressing the goal as reaching for the physical location of the hand in space is apparently more effective than requiring to match the proprioceptive representation of joint angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Iandolo
- NeuroLab, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy ; Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Valentina Squeri
- Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Dalia De Santis
- Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | | | - Pietro Morasso
- NeuroLab, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy ; Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maura Casadio
- NeuroLab, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy ; Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
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Blouin J, Saradjian AH, Lebar N, Guillaume A, Mouchnino L. Opposed optimal strategies of weighting somatosensory inputs for planning reaching movements toward visual and proprioceptive targets. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:2290-301. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00857.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies have suggested that the brain uses a visual estimate of the hand to plan reaching movements toward visual targets and somatosensory inputs in the case of somatosensory targets. However, neural correlates for distinct coding of the hand according to the sensory modality of the target have not yet been identified. Here we tested the twofold hypothesis that the somatosensory input from the reaching hand is facilitated and inhibited, respectively, when planning movements toward somatosensory (unseen fingers) or visual targets. The weight of the somatosensory inputs was assessed by measuring the amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) resulting from vibration of the reaching finger during movement planning. The target sensory modality had no significant effect on SEP amplitude. However, Spearman's analyses showed significant correlations between the SEPs and reaching errors. When planning movements toward proprioceptive targets without visual feedback of the reaching hand, participants showing the greater SEPs were those who produced the smaller directional errors. Inversely, participants showing the smaller SEPs when planning movements toward visual targets with visual feedback of the reaching hand were those who produced the smaller directional errors. No significant correlation was found between the SEPs and radial or amplitude errors. Our results indicate that the sensory strategy for planning movements is highly flexible among individuals and also for a given sensory context. Most importantly, they provide neural bases for the suggestion that optimization of movement planning requires the target and the reaching hand to both be represented in the same sensory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Blouin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, FR 3C 3512, Marseille, France
| | - Anahid H. Saradjian
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, FR 3C 3512, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lebar
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, FR 3C 3512, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Guillaume
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, FR 3C 3512, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, FR 3C 3512, Marseille, France
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Cho S, Ku J, Cho YK, Kim IY, Kang YJ, Jang DP, Kim SI. Development of virtual reality proprioceptive rehabilitation system for stroke patients. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 113:258-265. [PMID: 24183070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the virtual reality (VR) proprioception rehabilitation system was developed for stroke patients to use proprioception feedback in upper limb rehabilitation by blocking visual feedback. To evaluate its therapeutic effect, 10 stroke patients (onset>3 month) trained proprioception feedback rehabilitation for one week and visual feedback rehabilitation for another week in random order. Proprioception functions were checked before, a week after, and at the end of training. The results show the click count, error distance and total error distance among proprioception evaluation factors were significantly reduced after proprioception feedback training compared to visual feedback training (respectively, p=0.005, p=0.001, and p=0.007). In addition, subjects were significantly improved in conventional behavioral tests after training. In conclusion, we showed the effectiveness and possible use of the VR to recover the proprioception of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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48
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Abstract
Recent theoretical frameworks such as optimal feedback control suggest that feedback gains should modulate throughout a movement and be tuned to task demands. Here we measured the visuomotor feedback gain throughout the course of movements made to "near" or "far" targets in human subjects. The visuomotor gain showed a systematic modulation over the time course of the reach, with the gain peaking at the middle of the movement and dropping rapidly as the target is approached. This modulation depends primarily on the proportion of the movement remaining, rather than hand position, suggesting that the modulation is sensitive to task demands. Model-predictive control suggests that the gains should be continuously recomputed throughout a movement. To test this, we investigated whether feedback gains update when the task goal is altered during a movement, that is when the target of the reach jumped. We measured the visuomotor gain either simultaneously with the jump or 100 ms after the jump. The visuomotor gain nonspecifically reduced for all target jumps when measured synchronously with the jump. However, the visuomotor gain 100 ms later showed an appropriate modulation for the revised task goal by increasing for jumps that increased the distance to the target and reducing for jumps that decreased the distance. We conclude that visuomotor feedback gain shows a temporal evolution related to task demands and that this evolution can be flexibly recomputed within 100 ms to accommodate online modifications to task goals.
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49
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Utilization of visual feedback of the hand according to target view availability in the online control of prehension movements. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:580-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Rodríguez-Herreros B, de Grave DDJ, López-Moliner J, Brenner E, Smeets JBJ. Shifted visual feedback of the hand affects reachability judgments in interception. Vision Res 2013; 88:30-7. [PMID: 23811422 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Estimating whether an object is reachable is important if one intends to interact with the object. If an object is moving, it will be reachable only within a certain time-window. In such situations, motion of the object relative to the body has to be taken into account to judge the moment at which the target becomes reachable. We know that judgments of reachability are influenced by displaced visual feedback about the position of the hand when objects are static. Here we examine whether displaced feedback of the hand also influences reachability judgments when reachability is temporally constrained because the object is moving. The task for the subjects was to intercept a virtual cube with their unseen index finger as soon as the cube was considered to be reachable. Subjects received visual feedback about the position of their index finger, but this feedback was shifted in depth by 5 cm, either away from or closer to their body. The region that was judged to be reachable was larger when feedback of the hand was shifted away from the body than when the feedback was shifted closer to the body. This effect was correlated with the spatial error committed at the interception point. We conclude that all judgments about the surrounding space are adjusted in relation to the shifted visual feedback of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Vision & Control of Action (VISCA) Group, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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