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Characterisation of visual guidance of steering to intercept targets following curving trajectories using Qualitative Inconsistency Detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20246. [PMID: 36424412 PMCID: PMC9691627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the informational variables guiding steering behaviour in a locomotor interception task with targets moving along circular trajectories. Using a new method of analysis focussing on the temporal co-evolution of steering behaviour and the potential information sources driving it, we set out to invalidate reliance on plausible informational candidates. Applied to individual trials rather than ensemble averages, this Qualitative Inconsistency Detection (QuID) method revealed that steering behaviour was not compatible with reliance on information grounded in any type of change in the agent-centred target-heading angle. First-order changes in the environment-centred target's bearing angle could also not adequately account for the variations in behaviour observed under the different experimental conditions. Capturing the observed timing of unfolding steering behaviour ultimately required a combination of (velocity-based) first-order and (acceleration-based) second-order changes in bearing angle. While this result may point to reliance on fractional-order based changes in bearing angle, the overall importance of the present findings resides in the demonstration of the necessity to break away from the existing practice of trying to fit behaviour into a priori postulated functional strategies based on categorical differences between operative heuristic rules or control laws.
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Tran Van L, Berthelon C, Navarro J, Goulon C, Montagne G. Perceptual-Motor Regulations and Visual Exploration Strategies Allowing Older Drivers to Intercept a Moving Inter-Vehicular Gap. ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2022.2125393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lola Tran Van
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire des Mécanismes d'Accidents
| | | | - Jordan Navarro
- Université Lumière Lyon 2, Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs
| | - Cédric Goulon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement
| | - Gilles Montagne
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement
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Visual guidance of locomotor interception is based on nulling changes in target bearing (not egocentric target direction nor target-heading angle). Hum Mov Sci 2022; 82:102929. [PMID: 35121367 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments we studied how participants steer to intercept uniformly moving targets in a virtual driving task under hypotheses-differentiating conditions of initial target eccentricity and target motion. In line with our re-analysis of findings from earlier studies, in both experiments the observed interception behavior could not be understood as resulting from reliance on (changes in) egocentric target direction nor from reliance on (changes in) target-heading angle. The overall pattern of results observed was however compatible with a control strategy based on nulling changes in the target's bearing angle. The presence of reversals in movement direction under specific combinations of target eccentricity and motion conditions indicated that the information used was not purely rate-of-change (i.e., first-order) based but carried traces of an influence of initial target position. In Experiment 2 we explicitly tested the potential role of early reliance on perceived egocentric target direction by examining the effects of a 10° rotation of the visual scene (i.e., of both target and environment). While such a rotation gave rise to minor changes in the moment of initiation of the first steering action, contrary to predictions it did not affect the characteristics of the direction-reversal phenomenon. We conclude that the visual guidance of locomotor interception is best understood as resulting from nulling changes in the target's bearing angle, with such nulling perhaps best conceived as being fractional-order (rather integer-order) driven.
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Morice AHP, Rakotomamonjy T, Serres JR, Ruffier F. Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255779. [PMID: 34379645 PMCID: PMC8357182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicopter landing on a ship is a visually regulated "rendezvous" task during which pilots must use fine control to land a powerful rotorcraft on the deck of a moving ship tossed by the sea while minimizing the energy at impact. Although augmented reality assistance can be hypothesized to improve pilots' performance and the safety of landing maneuvers by guiding action toward optimal behavior in complex and stressful situations, the question of the optimal information to be displayed to feed the pilots' natural information-movement coupling remains to be investigated. Novice participants were instructed to land a simplified helicopter on a ship in a virtual reality simulator while minimizing energy at impact and landing duration. The wave amplitude and related ship heave were manipulated. We compared the benefits of two types of visual augmentation whose design was based on either solving cockpit-induced visual occlusion problems or strengthening the online regulation of the deceleration by keeping the current [Formula: see text] variable around an ideal value of -0.5 to conduct smooth and efficient landing. Our results showed that the second augmentation, ecologically grounded, offers benefits at several levels of analysis. It decreases the landing duration, improves the control of the helicopter displacement, and sharpens the sensitivity to changes in [Formula: see text]. This underlines the importance for designers of augmented reality systems to collaborate with psychologists to identify the relevant perceptual-motor strategy that must be encouraged before designing an augmentation that will enhance it.
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Baek S, Ki SY, Chung SW, Lee SJ, Cho YC, Oh KS. Delayed Anticipatory Muscle Activation in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211019360. [PMID: 34377717 PMCID: PMC8330462 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211019360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research investigating rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy has usually focused on pathoanatomy. The pathologic response to anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) has not yet been investigated. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To explore changes in APAs as detected by pre-emptive activation of shoulder muscles during ball catching. It was hypothesized that anticipatory muscle activation (AMA) would be present in the unaffected shoulder but delayed or absent in the affected shoulder in patients with RC tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS This study included 21 RC tendinopathy patients with a mean age of 49.5 years. Patients were required to grab a ball embedded with an electromyography sensor when it dropped on their hand, and surface electromyography signals were recorded from the infraspinatus, upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, and biceps. The trials utilized 2 balls, weighing 200 g and 500 g. Each ball was used in 2 trials, 1 involving a number count preceding the ball drop (predictable) and the other involving a sudden drop (unpredictable). The onsets of AMA between the affected and unaffected limbs were compared. RESULTS Regardless of the experimental condition, significantly delayed AMA onsets were identified in all investigated muscles of the affected side compared with those of the unaffected side, except for the biceps muscle in the 500-g predictable trial. For the infraspinatus, the mean onset time in the 200-g predictable trial was -141.0 ± 60.2 ms on the affected side and -211.9 ± 67.1 ms on the unaffected side (P < .001); in the 200-g unpredictable trial this value was -139.5 ± 54.9 ms on the affected side and -199.5 ± 56.2 ms on the unaffected side (P < .001). CONCLUSION Delayed AMA was observed in the affected shoulder compared with the unaffected shoulder in patients with RC tendinopathy, not only in the RC muscle but also in the periscapular and upper arm muscles. This may indicate that central hypoexcitability is partly responsible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The basis for RC tendinopathy treatment should not be limited to the tendon pathoanatomy. Delayed AMA around the shoulder joint could provide insight into potential mechanisms related to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Ki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
When walking to intercept a moving target, people take an interception path that appears to anticipate the target's trajectory. According to the constant bearing strategy, the observer holds the bearing direction of the target constant based on current visual information, consistent with on-line control. Alternatively, the interception path might be based on an internal model of the target's motion, known as model-based control. To investigate these two accounts, participants walked to intercept a moving target in a virtual environment. We degraded the target's visibility by blurring the target to varying degrees in the midst of a trial, in order to influence its perceived speed and position. Reduced levels of visibility progressively impaired interception accuracy and precision; total occlusion impaired performance most and yielded nonadaptive heading adjustments. Thus, performance strongly depended on current visual information and deteriorated qualitatively when it was withdrawn. The results imply that locomotor interception is normally guided by current information rather than an internal model of target motion, consistent with on-line control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhao
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Current affiliation: Department of Psychology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Hesse,
| | - William H Warren
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, ://www.brown.edu/Departments/CLPS/people/william-warren
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Beyeler M, Oros N, Dutt N, Krichmar JL. A GPU-accelerated cortical neural network model for visually guided robot navigation. Neural Netw 2015; 72:75-87. [PMID: 26494281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Casanova R, Borg O, Bootsma RJ. Perception of spin and the interception of curved football trajectories. J Sports Sci 2015; 33:1822-30. [PMID: 25686376 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1013052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Using plain white and chequered footballs, we evaluated observers' sensitivity to rotation direction and the effects of ball texture on interceptive behaviour. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the maximal distance at which observers (n = 8) could perceive the direction of ball rotation decreased when rotation frequency increased from 5 to 11 Hz. Detection threshold distances were nevertheless always larger for the chequered (decreasing from 47 to 28 m) than for the white (decreasing from 15 to 11 m) ball. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 7) moved laterally along a goal line to intercept the two balls launched with or without ±4.3 Hz sidespin from a 30-m distance. The chequered ball gave rise to shorter movement initiation times when trajectories curved outward (±6 m arrival positions) or did not curve (±2 m arrival positions). Inward curving trajectories, arriving at the same ±2 m distances from the participants as the non-curving trajectories, evoked initial movements in the wrong direction for both ball types, but the amplitude and duration of these reversal movements were attenuated for the chequered ball. We conclude that the early detection of rotation permitted by the chequered ball allowed modulation of interception behaviour without changing its qualitative characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Casanova
- a Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287 , Aix Marseille Université, CNRS , Marseille , France
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Zhao H, Warren WH. On-line and model-based approaches to the visual control of action. Vision Res 2014; 110:190-202. [PMID: 25454700 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two general approaches to the visual control of action have emerged in last few decades, known as the on-line and model-based approaches. The key difference between them is whether action is controlled by current visual information or on the basis of an internal world model. In this paper, we evaluate three hypotheses: strong on-line control, strong model-based control, and a hybrid solution that combines on-line control with weak off-line strategies. We review experimental research on the control of locomotion and manual actions, which indicates that (a) an internal world model is neither sufficient nor necessary to control action at normal levels of performance; (b) current visual information is necessary and sufficient to control action at normal levels; and (c) under certain conditions (e.g. occlusion) action is controlled by less accurate, simple strategies such as heuristics, visual-motor mappings, or spatial memory. We conclude that the strong model-based hypothesis is not sustainable. Action is normally controlled on-line when current information is available, consistent with the strong on-line control hypothesis. In exceptional circumstances, action is controlled by weak, context-specific, off-line strategies. This hybrid solution is comprehensive, parsimonious, and able to account for a variety of tasks under a range of visual conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhao
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States
| | - William H Warren
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States
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Morice AHP, Wallet G, Montagne G. Is perception of self-motion speed a necessary condition for intercepting a moving target while walking? Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:315-9. [PMID: 24594200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While it has been shown that the Global Optic Flow Rate (GOFR) is used in the control of self-motion speed, this study examined its relevance in the control of interceptive actions while walking. We asked participants to intercept approaching targets by adjusting their walking speed in a virtual environment, and predicted that the influence of the GOFR depended on their interception strategy. Indeed, unlike the Constant Bearing Angle (CBA), the Modified Required Velocity (MRV) strategy relies on the perception of self-displacement speed. On the other hand, the CBA strategy involves specific speed adjustments depending on the curvature of the target's trajectory, whereas the MRV does not. We hypothesized that one strategy is selected among the two depending on the informational content of the environment. We thus manipulated the curvature and display of the target's trajectory, and the relationship between physical walking speed and the GOFR (through eye height manipulations). Our results showed that when the target trajectory was not displayed, walking speed profiles were affected by curvature manipulations. Otherwise, walking speed profiles were less affected by curvature manipulations and were affected by the GOFR manipulations. Taken together, these results show that the use of the GOFR for intercepting a moving target while walking depends on the informational content of the environment. Finally we discuss the complementary roles of these two perceptual-motor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H P Morice
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France.
| | - Grégory Wallet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Gilles Montagne
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
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Effect of aging on inter-joint synergies during machine-paced assembly tasks. Exp Brain Res 2013; 231:249-56. [PMID: 23995629 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis has emerged as an important method to study variability of human movements. The current study investigated the upper extremity movements during typical assembly tasks using the framework of the UCM analysis. Younger and older participants performed machine-paced assembly tasks, while the kinematics of upper extremities were recorded using a motion tracking system. The upper extremity was modeled as a 7 degrees-of-freedom system. The variance of joint angles within the UCM space (V UCM) and the variance perpendicular to the UCM space (V ORT) were analyzed. The results indicated that V UCM were not significantly different for the older and younger groups. For the older group, V ORT was significantly less than the younger group and resulted in less total variance (V TOT) and a better synergy level (Z ΔV ). Therefore, the synergies of upper extremity movement may not be impaired for machine-paced tasks as people age. While current results showed a different effect of aging on the synergies of body movement compared with one previous study, they were in line with a recently proposed theory that for natural tasks, aging people did not have impairment in the ability to organize upper extremity movement into synergies.
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Ibáñez-Gijón J, Díaz A, Lobo L, Jacobs DM. On the Ecological Approach to Information and Control for Roboticists. INT J ADV ROBOT SYST 2013. [DOI: 10.5772/55671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing and increasingly important trend in robotics to conceive designs that decentralize control is paralleled by currently active research paradigms in the study of perception and action. James Gibson's ecological approach is one of these paradigms. Gibson's approach emerged in part as a reaction to representationalist and computationalist approaches, which devote the bulk of their resources to the study of internal processes. The ecological approach instead focuses on constraints and ambient energy patterns in the animal-environment coalition. The present article reviews how the emphasis on the environment by ecological psychologists has given rise to the concepts of direct perception, higher order information, active information pick up, information-based control laws, prospective control, and direct learning. Examples are included to illustrate these concepts and to show how they can be applied to the construction of robots. Action is described as emergent and self-organized. It is argued that knowledge about perception, action, and learning as it occurs in living organisms may facilitate the construction of robots, more obviously so if the aim is to construct (to some extent) biologically plausible robots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Díaz
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David M. Jacobs
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
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Louveton N, Bootsma RJ, Guerin P, Berthelon C, Montagne G. Intersection crossing considered as intercepting a moving traffic gap: effects of task and environmental constraints. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2012; 141:287-94. [PMID: 23079189 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Safely crossing an intersection requires that drivers actively control their approach to the intersection with respect to characteristics of the flow of incoming traffic. To further our understanding of the perceptual-motor processes involved in this demanding manoeuvre, we designed a driving simulator experiment in which 13 participants actively negotiated intersections by passing through a gap in the train of incoming traffic. Task constraints were manipulated by varying the size of the traffic gap and the initial conditions with respect to the time of arrival of the traffic gap at the intersection. Environment constraints were manipulated by varying the intersection geometry through changes in the angle formed by the crossroads. The results revealed that the task constraints systematically gave rise to continuous and gradual adjustments in approach velocity, initiated well before arriving at the intersection. These functionally appropriate adjustments allowed the drivers to safely cross the intersection, generally just slightly ahead of the center of the traffic gap. Notwithstanding the fact that the geometry of the intersection did not affect the spatiotemporal constraints of the crossing task, approach behavior varied systematically over geometries, suggesting that drivers rely on the traffic gap's bearing angle. Overall, the pattern of results is indicative of a continuous coupling between perception and action, analogous to that observed in locomotor interception tasks.
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François M, Morice A, Blouin J, Montagne G. Age-related decline in sensory processing for locomotion and interception. Neuroscience 2011; 172:366-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Timing of anticipatory muscle tensing control: responses before and after expected impact. Exp Brain Res 2010; 202:661-7. [PMID: 20135099 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that human motor control is anticipatory in nature. Previous studies have used electromyography (EMG) to examine muscle responses to falling objects and identified anticipatory muscle tensing (AMT) as a spike in activation that occurs prior to object impact. Some studies have suggested that humans use an internal model of gravity to mediate precisely timed AMT responses. The present study further examines predictive motor control through the analysis of AMT during an object catching task. For some trials, participants watched an object falling toward the hand; for other trials, their eyes were closed. For some trials, the object fell downward and impacted the hand; for other randomly selected trials, the object abruptly stopped 12 cm above the hand, enabling an assessment of the effect of impact anticipation independent of the reflexive tactile response associated with an actual impact. In Experiment 1, AMT did not shift for approximately 113 ms after the abrupt stop of the ball. In Experiment 2, we randomly varied the start height of the object and found well-timed AMT with a 129-ms lag time. A control system based on simple memory for fall time duration cannot explain these findings. We argue that an AMT control system with a lag time of approximately 121 ms could not perform with human levels of accuracy without accounting for the acceleration of downward moving objects.
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