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Yazdanian M, Moazzami M, Shabani M, Cheragh Birjandi S. The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Exercise before Cerebral Ischemia on the Expression of NT-3 and TrkC Genes in Male Rats. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.5.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Yazdanian M, Moazami M, Shabani M, Cheragh Birjandi S. Effects of Exercise Preconditioning on Neurotrophin-4 and Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B Expression in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Wistar Rats. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.13.6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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He Z, Lu H, Yang X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Niu W, Ding L, Wang G, Tong S, Jia J. Hypoperfusion Induced by Preconditioning Treadmill Training in Hyper-Early Reperfusion After Cerebral Ischemia: A Laser Speckle Imaging Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:219-223. [PMID: 28463182 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2695229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning induces neuroprotective effects during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, which involves the recovery of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of re-established CBF following ischemia and reperfusion are unclear. The present study investigated CBF in hyper-early stage of reperfusion by laser speckle contrast imaging, a full-field high-resolution optical imaging technique. Rats with or without treadmill training were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. CBF in arteries, veins, and capillaries in hyper-early stage of reperfusion (1, 2, and 3 h after reperfusion) and in subacute stage (24 h after reperfusion) were measured. Neurological scoring and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were further applied to determine the neuroprotective effects of exercise preconditioning. In hyper-early stage of reperfusion, CBF in the rats with exercise preconditioning was reduced significantly in arteries and veins, respectively, compared to rats with no exercise preconditioning. Capillary CBF remained stable in the hyper-early stage of reperfusion, though it increased significantly 24 h after reperfusion in the rats with exercise preconditioning. As a neuroprotective strategy, exercise preconditioning reduced the blood perfusion of arteries and veins in the hyper-early stage of reperfusion, which indicated intervention-induced neuroprotective hypoperfusion after reperfusion onset.
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Vaghef L, Bafandeh Gharamaleki H. Effects of Physical Activity and Ginkgo Biloba on Cognitive Function and Oxidative Stress Modulation in Ischemic Rats. Int J Angiol 2016; 26:158-164. [PMID: 28804233 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Either exercise or Ginkgo biloba is reported to improve cognitive functioning. The aim of this study is to compare the protective effects of forced exercise and Ginkgo biloba on oxidative stress as well as memory impairments induced by transient cerebral ischemia. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with treadmill running or Ginkgo biloba extract for 2 weeks before cerebral ischemia. Memory was assessed using a Morris water maze (MWM) task. At the end of the behavioral testing, oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated in the hippocampus tissue. As expected, the cerebral ischemia induced memory impairment in the MWM task, and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. These effects were significantly prevented by treadmill running. Indeed, it ameliorated oxidative stress and memory deficits induced by ischemia. In contrast, Ginkgo biloba was not as effective as exercise in preventing ischemia-induced memory impairments. The results confirmed the neuroprotective effects of treadmill running on hippocampus-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Vaghef
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Bafandeh Gharamaleki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Physical Exercise as a Diagnostic, Rehabilitation, and Preventive Tool: Influence on Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery after Stroke. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:608581. [PMID: 26682073 PMCID: PMC4670869 DOI: 10.1155/2015/608581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of adult motor disabilities in the world and accounts for the greatest number of hospitalizations for neurological disease. Stroke treatments/therapies need to promote neuroplasticity to improve motor function. Physical exercise is considered as a major candidate for ultimately promoting neural plasticity and could be used for different purposes in human and animal experiments. First, acute exercise could be used as a diagnostic tool to understand new neural mechanisms underlying stroke physiopathology. Indeed, better knowledge of stroke mechanisms that affect movements is crucial for enhancing treatment/rehabilitation effectiveness. Secondly, it is well established that physical exercise training is advised as an effective rehabilitation tool. Indeed, it reduces inflammatory processes and apoptotic marker expression, promotes brain angiogenesis and expression of some growth factors, and improves the activation of affected muscles during exercise. Nevertheless, exercise training might also aggravate sensorimotor deficits and brain injury depending on the chosen exercise parameters. For the last few years, physical training has been combined with pharmacological treatments to accentuate and/or accelerate beneficial neural and motor effects. Finally, physical exercise might also be considered as a major nonpharmacological preventive strategy that provides neuroprotective effects reducing adverse effects of brain ischemia. Therefore, prestroke regular physical activity may also decrease the motor outcome severity of stroke.
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Shamsaei N, Khaksari M, Erfani S, Rajabi H, Aboutaleb N. Exercise preconditioning exhibits neuroprotective effects on hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1245-50. [PMID: 26487851 PMCID: PMC4590236 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested the neuroprotective effects of physical exercise on cerebral ischemic injury. However, the role of physical exercise in cerebral ischemia-induced hippocampal damage remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of pre-ischemia treadmill training on hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. Male adult rats were randomly divided into control, ischemia and exercise + ischemia groups. In the exercise + ischemia group, rats were subjected to running on a treadmill in a designated time schedule (5 days per week for 4 weeks). Then rats underwent cerebral ischemia induction through occlusion of common carotids followed by reperfusion. At 4 days after cerebral ischemia, rat learning and memory abilities were evaluated using passive avoidance memory test and rat hippocampal neuronal damage was detected using Nissl and TUNEL staining. Pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells and necrotic cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region as compared to the ischemia group. Moreover, pre-ischemic exercise significantly prevented ischemia-induced memory dysfunction. Pre-ischemic exercise mighct prevent memory deficits after cerebral ischemia through rescuing hippocampal CA1 neurons from ischemia-induced degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Shamsaei
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sohaila Erfani
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aboutaleb N, Shamsaei N, Khaksari M, Erfani S, Rajabi H, Nikbakht F. Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal CA3 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 proteins ratio and prevention of caspase-3 activation. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:435-43. [PMID: 26012958 PMCID: PMC10717499 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on CA3 neurons. Rats were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20 min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the ischemia group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P < 0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the ischemia group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of active caspase-3-positive neurons was significantly increased in the ischemia group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P < 0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against ischemia in CA3 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shamsaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sohaila Erfani
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Nikbakht
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guo Z, Zhang L, Wu Y, Li M, Yang X, He Z, Wu Z, Hu Y, Jia J. The role of glutamate transporter-1 in the acquisition of brain ischaemic tolerance in rats induced by electro-acupuncture pre-treatment. Brain Inj 2015; 29:396-402. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.896944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu C, Li R, Song X, Feng X. Effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on GABAB and mGluR1 expressions in brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2014; 34:566-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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He Z, Wang X, Wu Y, Jia J, Hu Y, Yang X, Li J, Fan M, Zhang L, Guo J, Leung MCP. Treadmill pre-training ameliorates brain edema in ischemic stroke via down-regulation of aquaporin-4: an MRI study in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84602. [PMID: 24416250 PMCID: PMC3886991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Treadmill pre-training can ameliorate blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion injury, however, its role in ischemic brain edema remains unclear. This study assessed the neuroprotective effects induced by treadmill pre-training, particularly on brain edema in transient middle cerebral artery occluded model. Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce stroke was performed on rats after 2 weeks of treadmill pre-training. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the dynamic impairment of cerebral edema after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, measurements of wet and dry brain weight, Evans Blue assay and Garcia scores were performed to investigate the cerebral water content, BBB permeability and neurologic deficit, respectively. Moreover, during ischemia-reperfusion injury, the expression of Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was detected using immunofluorescence and Western bloting analyses. Results Treadmill pre-training improved the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) loss in the ipsilateral cortex and striatum at 1 hour and 2.5 hours after cerebral ischemia. In the treadmill pre-training group, T2W1 values of the ipsilateral cortex and striatum increased less at 7.5 hours, 1 day, and 2 days after stroke while the brain water content decreased at 2 days after ischemia. Regarding the BBB permeability, the semi-quantitative amount of contrast agent leakage of treadmill pre-training group significantly decreased. Less Evans Blue exudation was also observed in treadmill pre-training group at 2 days after stroke. In addition, treadmill pre-training mitigated the Garcia score deficits at 2 days after stroke. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting results showed a significant decrease in the expression of AQP4 after treadmill ischemia following pre-training. Conclusions Treadmill pre-training may reduce cerebral edema and BBB dysfunction during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the down-regulation of AQP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolou Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JJ); (JG)
| | - Yongshan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JJ); (JG)
| | - Mason C. P. Leung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Lan X, Zhang M, Yang W, Zheng Z, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Liu S, Liu K, Li G. Effect of treadmill exercise on 5-HT, 5-HT1A receptor and brain derived neurophic factor in rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurol Sci 2013; 35:761-6. [PMID: 24326625 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that exercise promotes neurological rehabilitation in patients with cerebral ischemia. However, the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to discuss the effect of treadmill exercise on expression levels of 5-HT, 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) in rat brains after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). A total of 55 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: pMCAO group, pMCAO and treadmill exercise (pMCAO + Ex) group, and sham-operated group. Rats in pMCAO + Ex group underwent treadmill exercise for 16 days. Neurological function was evaluated by modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS). High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection system was used to determine the content of 5-HT in cortex tissues. The protein levels of 5-HT1AR, BDNF and synaptophysin were measured by Western blot. The mNSS in pMCAO + Ex group was lower than that in pMCAO group on day 19 post-MCAO (p < 0.001). The content of 5-HT dropped to 3.81 ± 1.86 ng/ml in pMCAO group (43.84 ± 2.05 ng/ml in sham-operated group), but increased in pMCAO + Ex group (10.06 ± 1.80 ng/ml). The protein expressions levels of synaptophysin, 5-HT1AR and BDNF were downregulated after cerebral ischemia (p < 0.05), and upregulated after treadmill exercise (p < 0.05). These results indicate that treadmill exercise improves neurologic function, enhances neuronal plasticity and upregulates the levels of 5-HT, 5-HT1AR and BDNF in rats with pMCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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Ström JO, Ingberg E, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23548160 PMCID: PMC3637133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains. Methods We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability. Results The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method. Conclusions The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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Yang X, He Z, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Hu Y, Wang X, Li M, Wu Z, Guo Z, Guo J, Jia J. Pre-ischemic treadmill training for prevention of ischemic brain injury via regulation of glutamate and its transporter GLT-1. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9447-9459. [PMID: 22949807 PMCID: PMC3431805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-ischemic treadmill training exerts cerebral protection in the prevention of cerebral ischemia by alleviating neurotoxicity induced by excessive glutamate release following ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of this process remains unclear. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was observed in a rat model after 2 weeks of pre-ischemic treadmill training. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected using the microdialysis sampling method, and the concentration of glutamate was determined every 40 min from the beginning of ischemia to 4 h after reperfusion with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection. At 3, 12, 24, and 48 h after ischemia, the expression of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) protein in brain tissues was determined by Western blot respectively. The effect of pre-ischemic treadmill training on glutamate concentration and GLT-1 expression after cerebral ischemia in rats along with changes in neurobehavioral score and cerebral infarct volume after 24 h ischemia yields critical information necessary to understand the protection mechanism exhibited by pre-ischemic treadmill training. The results demonstrated that pre-ischemic treadmill training up-regulates GLT-1 expression, decreases extracellular glutamate concentration, reduces cerebral infarct volume, and improves neurobehavioral score. Pre-ischemic treadmill training is likely to induce neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia by regulating GLT-1 expression, which results in re-uptake of excessive glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijie He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongshan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolou Wang
- The Third Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; E-Mail:
| | - Mingfen Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jingchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.G.); (J.J.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-542-373-98 (J.G.); +86-21-528-878-20 (J.J.)
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mails: (X.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.G.); (J.J.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-542-373-98 (J.G.); +86-21-528-878-20 (J.J.)
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Zhang F, Jia J, Wu Y, Hu Y, Wang Y. The effect of treadmill training pre-exercise on glutamate receptor expression in rats after cerebral ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2658-69. [PMID: 20717528 PMCID: PMC2920558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11072658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in both clinical and laboratory settings. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect is unclear. Our study aimed to investigate whether pre-ischemic treadmill training could serve as a form of ischemic preconditioning in a rat model undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Thirty-six rats were divided into three groups: a sham control group, a non-exercise with operation group and an exercise with operation group. After treadmill training, ischemia was induced by occluding the MCA for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. Half of the rats in each group were sacrificed for mRNA detection of mGluR5 and NR2B 80 min after occlusion. The remaining animals were evaluated for neurological deficits by behavioral scoring and then decapitated to assess the infarct volume. The mRNA expression of mGluR5 and NR2B was detected by real-time PCR. The results suggest that pre-ischemic treadmill training may induce brain ischemic tolerance by reducing the mRNA levels of mGluR5 and NR2B, and thus, the results indicate that physical exercise might be an effective method to establish ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-21-528-878-20; Fax: +86-21-528-878-20
| | - Yongshan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; E-Mail:
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