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Matsuda Y, Sugawara Y, Akaiwa M, Saito H, Shibata E, Sasaki T, Sugawara K. Event-Related Brain Potentials N140 and P300 during Somatosensory Go/NoGo Tasks Are Modulated by Movement Preparation. Brain Sci 2023; 14:38. [PMID: 38248253 PMCID: PMC10813311 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Go/NoGo task requires attention and sensory processing to distinguish a motor action cue or 'Go stimulus' from a 'NoGo stimulus' requiring no action, as well as motor preparation for a rapid Go stimulus response. The neural activity mediating these response phases can be examined non-invasively by measuring specific event-related brain potentials (ERPs) using electroencephalography. However, it is critical to determine how different task conditions, such as the relationship between attention site and movement site, influence ERPs and task performance. In this study, we compared attention-associated ERP components N140 and P300, the performance metrics reaction time (RT) and accuracy (%Error) and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) between Go/NoGo task trials in which attention target and movement site were the same (right index finger movement in response to right index finger stimulation) or different (right index finger movement in response to fifth finger stimulation). In other Count trials, participants kept a running count of target stimuli presented but did not initiate a motor response. The N140 amplitudes at electrode site Cz were significantly larger in Movement trials than in Count trials regardless of the stimulation site-movement site condition. In contrast, the P300 amplitude at Cz was significantly smaller in Movement trials than in Count trials. The temporal windows of N140 and P300 overlapped with the MRCP. This superposition may influence N140 and P300 through summation, possibly independent of changes in attentional allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sugawara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mayu Akaiwa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eriko Shibata
- Major of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Healthcare and Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa 061-1449, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kida T, Kaneda T, Nishihira Y. ERP evidence of attentional somatosensory processing and stimulus-response coupling under different hand and arm postures. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1252686. [PMID: 38021238 PMCID: PMC10676239 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1252686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated (1) the effects of divided and focused attention on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by somatosensory stimulation under different response modes, (2) the effects of hand position (closely-placed vs. separated hands) and arm posture (crossed vs. uncrossed forearms) on the attentional modulation of somatosensory ERPs, and (3) changes in the coupling of stimulus- and response-related processes by somatosensory attention using a single-trial analysis of P300 latency and reaction times. Electrocutaneous stimulation was presented randomly to the thumb or middle finger of the left or right hand at random interstimulus intervals (700-900 ms). Subjects attended unilaterally or bilaterally to stimuli in order to detect target stimuli by a motor response or counting. The effects of unilaterally-focused attention were also tested under different hand and arm positions. The amplitude of N140 in the divided attention condition was intermediate between unilaterally attended and unattended stimuli in the unilaterally-focused attention condition in both the mental counting and motor response tasks. Attended infrequent (target) stimuli elicited greater P300 in the unilaterally attention condition than in the divided attention condition. P300 latency was longer in the divided attention condition than in the unilaterally-focused attention condition in the motor response task, but remained unchanged in the counting task. Closely locating the hands had no impact, whereas crossing the forearms decreased the attentional enhancement in N140 amplitude. In contrast, these two manipulations uniformly decreased P300 amplitude and increased P300 latency. The correlation between single-trial P300 latency and RT was decreased by crossed forearms, but not by divided attention or closely-placed hands. Therefore, the present results indicate that focused and divided attention differently affected middle latency and late processing, and that hand position and arm posture also differently affected attentional processes and stimulus-response coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kida
- Higher Brain Function Unit, Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Nishihira
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Chen J, Kwok APK, Li Y. Effects of expertise in skill-oriented sports on postural control: An event-related potential study using dual-task paradigm. Neurosci Lett 2023; 812:137408. [PMID: 37517578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Postural control is a fundamental aspect of motor skills and is crucial for achieving optimal performance in sports. However, previous studies mainly explored the postural control ability of athletes of skill-oriented sports (skilled athletes) under single postural control conditions, disregarding the processing characteristics of postural control in real sports scenarios. This research used the event-related potential (ERP) to investigate the postural control ability of skilled athletes during the action inhibition process by a dual-task paradigm. The study included 26 skilled athletes and 25 nonathletes who simultaneously completed a postural control task and a Go/Nogo task. The results showed that skilled athletes exhibited superior postural control performance in all three standing positions and higher N1 and P3 component amplitudes than nonathletes. The study illustrated that skilled athletes exhibit higher flexibility in allocating attentional resources to ensure optimal postural control and action inhibition performance. These findings suggest that skilled athletes possess a higher level of control automation in complex standing positions and more efficient and economical brain processing characteristics, which may contribute to their exceptional performance in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chen
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Alex Pak Ki Kwok
- Data Science and Policy Studies Programme, Faculty of Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Physical Education Department, Zhuhai Campus of Jinan University, 519070, China.
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Akaiwa M, Iwata K, Saito H, Shibata E, Sasaki T, Sugawara K. The Effect of Pedaling at Different Cadence on Attentional Resources. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:819232. [PMID: 35280213 PMCID: PMC8913718 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.819232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between attentional resources and pedaling cadence using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure P300 amplitudes and latencies. Twenty-five healthy volunteers performed the oddball task while pedaling on a stationary bike or relaxing (i.e., no pedaling). We set them four conditions, namely, (1) performing only the oddball task (i.e., control), (2) performing the oddball task while pedaling at optimal cadence (i.e., optimal), (3) performing the oddball task while pedaling faster than optimal cadence (i.e., fast), and (4) performing the oddball task while pedaling slower than optimal cadence (i.e., slow). P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz electrodes under optimal, fast, and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under control conditions. P300 amplitudes at Pz under fast and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under the optimal condition. No significant changes in P300 latency at any electrode were observed under any condition. Our findings revealed that pedaling at non-optimal cadence results in less attention being paid to external stimuli compared with pedaling at optimal cadence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Akaiwa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Iwata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kashiwaba Neurosurgical Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eriko Shibata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuhiro Sugawara,
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Perceptual awareness negativity: a physiological correlate of sensory consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:660-670. [PMID: 34172384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Much research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has focused on two evoked potentials, the P3b and the visual or auditory awareness negativity (VAN, AAN). Surveying a broad range of recent experimental evidence, we find that repeated failures to observe the P3b during conscious perception eliminate it as a putative NCC. Neither the VAN nor the AAN have been dissociated from consciousness; furthermore, a similar neural signal correlates with tactile consciousness. These awareness negativities can be maximal contralateral to the evoking stimulus, are likely generated in underlying sensory cortices, and point to the existence of a generalized perceptual awareness negativity (PAN) reflecting the onset of sensory consciousness.
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Koop T, Dienel A, Heldmann M, Münte TF. Effects of a
Rhodiola rosea
extract on mental resource allocation and attention: An event‐related potential dual task study. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3287-3297. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Koop
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | | | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Thomas F. Münte
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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Effects of dual-task demands on the complexity and task performance of submaximal isometric handgrip force control. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1251-1261. [PMID: 32242254 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of cognitive-motor dual-task load on temporal structure irregularity (complexity) of motor output and task performance of submaximal isometric contractions. METHODS Twelve young, sedentary subjects performed handgrip isometric contractions until failure at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction under mathematical self-regulated dual-task (own pace; SDT), regulated dual-task (imposed pace; RDT), and control. Force signal complexity was calculated by sample entropy at the initial, middle, and final thirds. Task performance was assessed by muscle fatigue (time to failure and rate of median frequency of the radial flexor of the carpus), force and math task error, and self-perceived difficulty. RESULTS Only RDT decreased complexity with respect to control (17.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.005), all conditions decreased complexity by the final third (Control: 52.8% ± 18.7%, p < 0.001; SDT: 41.1% ± 32.1%, p = 0.003; RDT: 19.1% ± 21.9%, p = 0.035). Conditions did not affect time to failure, and only RDT decreased the rate of median frequency (0.1%/s ± 0.1%/s, p = 0.020). Inferior force error rate was increased by conditions (SDT: 1.5% ± 0.8%, p < 0.001; RDT: 2% ± 1.5%, p = 0.002). Math error was only augmented by RDT (from 9.9 ± 6.7 to 51.7 ± 18.8, p < 0.001), categorized as "very hard" in 85.7% of participants (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Only the RDT condition reduced complexity and neuromuscular fatigue while increasing force error rate of the handgrip's motor output, without affecting time to failure. A highly demanding dual-task may become a strategy to modify the organization of the hand force motor output, which may contribute to its motor adaptations.
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Kida T, Tanaka E, Kakigi R. Adaptive flexibility of the within-hand attentional gradient in touch: An MEG study. Neuroimage 2018; 179:373-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Neural Basis of Early Somatosensory Change Detection: A Magnetoencephalography Study. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:242-256. [PMID: 28913778 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects the early detection of changes in sensory stimuli at the cortical level. The mechanisms underlying its genesis remain debated. This magnetoencephalography study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics and the neural mechanisms of the magnetic somatosensory MMN. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields elicited by tactile stimulation of the right fingertip (Single), tactile stimulation of the right middle phalanx and fingertip (Double) or omissions (Omitted) of tactile stimuli were studied in different paradigms: in oddballs where Double/Omitted followed a sequence of four Single, in sequences of two stimuli where Double occurred after one Single, and in random presentation of Double only. The predictability of Double occurrence in oddballs was also manipulated. Cortical sources of evoked responses were identified using equivalent current dipole modeling. Evoked responses elicited by Double were significantly different from those elicited by Single at the contralateral secondary somatosensory (cSII) cortex. Double elicited higher cSII cortex responses than Single when preceded by a sequence of four Single, compared to when they were preceded by one Single. Double elicited higher cSII cortex response when presented alone compared to when Double were preceded by one or a sequence of Single. Omitted elicited similar cSII cortex response than Single. Double in oddballs led to higher cSII cortex responses when less predictable. These data suggest that early tactile change detection involves mainly cSII cortex. The predictive coding framework probably accounts for the SII cortex response features observed in the different tactile paradigms.
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Naeije G, Vaulet T, Wens V, Marty B, Goldman S, De Tiège X. Multilevel Cortical Processing of Somatosensory Novelty: A Magnetoencephalography Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:259. [PMID: 27313523 PMCID: PMC4889577 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), this study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of the multilevel cortical processing of somatosensory change detection. Neuromagnetic signals of 16 healthy adult subjects (7 females and 9 males, mean age 29 ± 3 years) were recorded using whole-scalp-covering MEG while they underwent an oddball paradigm based on simple standard (right index fingertip tactile stimulation) and deviant (simultaneous right index fingertip and middle phalanx tactile stimulation) stimuli gathered into sequences to create and then deviate from stimulus patterns at multiple (local vs. global) levels of complexity. Five healthy adult subjects (3 females and 2 males, mean age 31, 6 ± 2 years) also underwent a similar oddball paradigm in which standard and deviant stimuli were flipped. Local deviations led to a somatosensory mismatch response peaking at 55-130 ms post-stimulus onset with a cortical generator located at the contralateral secondary somatosensory (cSII) cortex. The mismatch response was independent of the deviant stimuli physical characteristics. Global deviants led to a P300 response with cortical sources located bilaterally at temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and supplementary motor area (SMA). The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the SMA were found to generate a contingent magnetic variation (CMV) attributed to top-down expectations. Amplitude of mismatch responses were modulated by top-down expectations and correlated with both the magnitude of the CMV and the P300 amplitude at the right TPJ. These results provide novel empirical evidence for a unified sensory novelty detection system in the human brain by linking detection of salient sensory stimuli in personal and extra-personal spaces to a common framework of multilevel cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Naeije
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Magnetoencephalography Unit, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Vaulet
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Magnetoencephalography Unit, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Magnetoencephalography Unit, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brice Marty
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Magnetoencephalography Unit, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Magnetoencephalography Unit, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Magnetoencephalography Unit, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels, Belgium
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Neural Correlates of Task Cost for Stance Control with an Additional Motor Task: Phase-Locked Electroencephalogram Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151906. [PMID: 27010634 PMCID: PMC4807025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With appropriate reallocation of central resources, the ability to maintain an erect posture is not necessarily degraded by a concurrent motor task. This study investigated the neural control of a particular postural-suprapostural procedure involving brain mechanisms to solve crosstalk between posture and motor subtasks. Participants completed a single posture task and a dual-task while concurrently conducting force-matching and maintaining a tilted stabilometer stance at a target angle. Stabilometer movements and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The added force-matching task increased the irregularity of postural response rather than the size of postural response prior to force-matching. In addition, the added force-matching task during stabilometer stance led to marked topographic ERP modulation, with greater P2 positivity in the frontal and sensorimotor-parietal areas of the N1-P2 transitional phase and in the sensorimotor-parietal area of the late P2 phase. The time-frequency distribution of the ERP primary principal component revealed that the dual-task condition manifested more pronounced delta (1–4 Hz) and beta (13–35 Hz) synchronizations but suppressed theta activity (4–8 Hz) before force-matching. The dual-task condition also manifested coherent fronto-parietal delta activity in the P2 period. In addition to a decrease in postural regularity, this study reveals spatio-temporal and temporal-spectral reorganizations of ERPs in the fronto-sensorimotor-parietal network due to the added suprapostural motor task. For a particular set of postural-suprapostural task, the behavior and neural data suggest a facilitatory role of autonomous postural response and central resource expansion with increasing interregional interactions for task-shift and planning the motor-suprapostural task.
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12
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Approach of visual stimuli modulates spatial expectations for subsequent somatosensory stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:176-82. [PMID: 25889695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To examine how the approach of visual stimuli toward the body influences expectations regarding subsequent somatosensory stimuli, we recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs; nose reference) during a simple reaction time to somatosensory stimuli task. Twelve participants were asked to place their arms on a desk, and three LEDs were placed between their arms at equal intervals. Electrical stimuli were presented to the left (or right) wrist at a high probability (80%) or to the opposite wrist at a low probability (20%). Each trial was composed of three visual stimuli followed by one electrical stimulus. In Experiment 1, the right, center, and left (or left, center, and right) LEDs were turned on sequentially toward the wrist to which the high probability somatosensory stimuli was presented (congruent condition), or the center LED were presented three times (neutral condition). Experiment 2 was composed of the congruent condition and the inverse of the congruent condition (incongruent condition). In both experiments, the reaction times to low probability stimuli were longer than those to high probability stimuli. Moreover, the low probability stimuli elicited a larger P3 amplitude than the high probability stimuli. In addition, the P3 amplitude was higher under the visual approach condition (i.e., the congruent condition in each experiment) than under the control condition (i.e., the neutral and incongruent conditions). Furthermore, no effect on the CNV amplitude before the somatosensory stimuli was found. These results suggest that visual stimuli directed toward the body induce an automatic spatial expectation for subsequent somatosensory stimuli.
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Kida T, Kakigi R. Neural mechanisms of attention involved in perception and action: From neuronal activity to network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kida
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences
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An electrophysiological study of haptic roughness: Effects of levels of texture and stimulus uncertainty in the P300. Brain Res 2014; 1562:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Thurlings ME, Van Erp JBF, Brouwer AM, Werkhoven P. Controlling a Tactile ERP–BCI in a Dual Task. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND AI IN GAMES 2013. [DOI: 10.1109/tciaig.2013.2239294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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