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Revol P, Collette S, Boulot Z, Foncelle A, Niki C, Thura D, Imai A, Jacquin-Courtois S, Cabanac M, Osiurak F, Rossetti Y. Thirst for Intention? Grasping a Glass Is a Thirst-Controlled Action. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1248. [PMID: 31214073 PMCID: PMC6558183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day and every hour, we feel we perform numerous voluntary actions, i.e., actions under the control of our will. Individual’s ability to initiate goal-directed movement is classically described as a hierarchical motor organization, from an intentional module, mostly considered as a black box, to muscular activity supporting action execution. The general focus is usually set on the triggering of action by intention, which is assumed to be the only entry to the action cascade, rather than on the preceding formation of intentions. If intentions play a key role in the specification of movement kinematic parameters, it remains largely unknown whether unconscious cognitive processes may also affect action preparation and unfolding. Recently, a seemingly irrelevant variable, thirst, was shown to modulate a simple arbitrary action such as key-pressing. Thirsty individuals were shown to produce stronger motor inhibition in no-go trials when a glass of water was present. In the present experiment, we intended to explore whether motor inhibition operates not only upstream from the action cascade but may also affect the unfolding of reaching movements, i.e., at a lower-level control. Thirsty vs. non-thirsty control subjects were asked to reach and grasp green (go trial) or red glasses (no-go trial) filled with either water or transparent gel wax with a central candlewick. Thirsty subjects were faster to initiate actions toward the water glasses. They also exhibited an earlier maximal grip aperture and a global reduction of movement time which was mostly explained by a shortening of deceleration time. The deceleration phase was correlated with individual’s thirst rating. In addition, no-go trial toward a glass of water tended to inhibit the next movement toward a glass filled with gel wax. Thus, our results show that an unintentional influence of an internal state can reorganize voluntary action structure not only at the decision-making level but also at the level of motor control. Although subjects explicitly paid more attention and were more cautious to glasses filled with water, they reported no explicit sensation of an increased urge to grasp it, further suggesting that these effects are controlled by covert mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Revol
- Plate-forme "Mouvement et Handicap," Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Sarah Collette
- Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Zoe Boulot
- Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Alexandre Foncelle
- Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Chiharu Niki
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - David Thura
- Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Akila Imai
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sophie Jacquin-Courtois
- Plate-forme "Mouvement et Handicap," Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Michel Cabanac
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- Plate-forme "Mouvement et Handicap," Hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
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Camponogara I, Volcic R. Grasping movements toward seen and handheld objects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3665. [PMID: 30842478 PMCID: PMC6403353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasping movements are typically performed toward visually sensed objects. However, planning and execution of grasping movements can be supported also by haptic information when we grasp objects held in the other hand. In the present study we investigated this sensorimotor integration process by comparing grasping movements towards objects sensed through visual, haptic or visuo-haptic signals. When movements were based on haptic information only, hand preshaping was initiated earlier, the digits closed on the object more slowly, and the final phase was more cautious compared to movements based on only visual information. Importantly, the simultaneous availability of vision and haptics led to faster movements and to an overall decrease of the grip aperture. Our findings also show that each modality contributes to a different extent in different phases of the movement, with haptics being more crucial in the initial phases and vision being more important for the final on-line control. Thus, vision and haptics can be flexibly combined to optimize the execution of grasping movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Camponogara
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Robert Volcic
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Fukui T, Sano M, Tanaka A, Suzuki M, Kim S, Agarie H, Fukatsu R, Nishimaki K, Nakajima Y, Wada M. Older Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Have Difficulty Chaining Motor Acts When Performing Prehension Movements Compared to Typically Developing Peers. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:430. [PMID: 30405382 PMCID: PMC6206232 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that motor actions performed by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are clumsy and a previous study revealed that children with ASD of around 8 years old showed less smooth movement and dysfunction of appropriate usage of online vision for grip aperture control. The present study investigates whether and how the kinematic properties of reach-to-grasp movements in older adolescents and adults with ASD [mean (±SD) age: 18.3 ± 2.1] differ from those in typically developing (TD) peers [mean (±SD) age: 19.1 ± 2.2]. Revealing the kinematic properties of reach-to-grasp movements in older adolescents and adults with ASD is indispensable in determining the developmental trajectory of this motor behavior in individuals with ASD. While wearing liquid crystal shutter goggles, participants reached for and grasped a cylinder with a diameter of either 4 or 6 cm. Two visual conditions were tested: a full vision (FV) condition (the goggles remained transparent during the movement) and a no vision (NV) condition (the goggles were closed immediately after the movement was initiated). These two visual conditions were either alternated with each trial in a single experimental session (alternated condition) or blocked within the session (blocked condition). We found that the reaching movement smoothness calculated as a normalized jerk score (i.e., index of skilled, coordinated human movements) of ASD participants did not differ significantly from that of TD peers although ASD participants showed smoother reaching in the alternated condition than in the blocked condition. The influence of online vision and its visual condition schedule on grip aperture during the in-flight phase was remarkably similar between the ASD and TD groups. Furthermore, we found that ASD group experienced a significant longer transition period from grasping end (i.e., stable holding when touching the surface of the object) to uplift initiation than the TD group. The results suggest that (1) deficits in movement smoothness and the use of online vision for motor control are rectified by the time individuals with ASD reach late adolescence and (2) older adolescents and adults with ASD still have difficulties chaining motor acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Fukui
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Misako Sano
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Information and Support Center for Persons with Developmental Disabilities, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ari Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Mayuko Suzuki
- Department of Medical Treatment III (Pediatric and Child Psychiatric Section), Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Sooyung Kim
- Department of Medical Treatment III (Pediatric and Child Psychiatric Section), Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Agarie
- Department of Medical Treatment III (Pediatric and Child Psychiatric Section), Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Reiko Fukatsu
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Medical Treatment III (Pediatric and Child Psychiatric Section), Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Nishimaki
- Information and Support Center for Persons with Developmental Disabilities, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Medical Treatment III (Pediatric and Child Psychiatric Section), Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yasoichi Nakajima
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Wada
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Viewing geometry determines the contribution of binocular vision to the online control of grasping. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3631-3643. [PMID: 28900689 PMCID: PMC5671520 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binocular vision is often assumed to make a specific, critical contribution to online visual control of grasping by providing precise information about the separation between digits and object. This account overlooks the ‘viewing geometry’ typically encountered in grasping, however. Separation of hand and object is rarely aligned precisely with the line of sight (the visual depth dimension), and analysis of the raw signals suggests that, for most other viewing angles, binocular feedback is less precise than monocular feedback. Thus, online grasp control relying selectively on binocular feedback would not be robust to natural changes in viewing geometry. Alternatively, sensory integration theory suggests that different signals contribute according to their relative precision, in which case the role of binocular feedback should depend on viewing geometry, rather than being ‘hard-wired’. We manipulated viewing geometry, and assessed the role of binocular feedback by measuring the effects on grasping of occluding one eye at movement onset. Loss of binocular feedback resulted in a significantly less extended final slow-movement phase when hand and object were separated primarily in the frontoparallel plane (where binocular information is relatively imprecise), compared to when they were separated primarily along the line of sight (where binocular information is relatively precise). Consistent with sensory integration theory, this suggests the role of binocular (and monocular) vision in online grasp control is not a fixed, ‘architectural’ property of the visuo-motor system, but arises instead from the interaction of viewer and situation, allowing robust online control across natural variations in viewing geometry.
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Visuomotor priming of action preparation and motor programming is similar in visually guided and memory-guided actions. Neuropsychologia 2016; 91:1-8. [PMID: 27477631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether the planning and execution of a reach-to-grasp movement is susceptible to visuomotor priming, and whether the strength of the priming effect depends on the availability of visual feedback. Participants grasped a target object as quickly as possible with either a whole-hand grip or a precision grip upon hearing an auditory stimulus. Prior to the auditory cue, a prime stimulus was presented. The prime stimulus depicted an object that was either congruent, incongruent, or ambiguous with respect to the required grasp, or it showed no object at all. In addition, participants performed the grasping task in one of three vision conditions: participants' vision was either occluded during both the motor programming and online-control phase (no-vision), participants had vision only during the motor programming phase (partial-vision), or they had vision available throughout task performance (full-vision). Results revealed the presence of two discrete priming effects. First, we found a facilitative effect of congruent compared to incongruent prime-grip combinations that influenced reaction times and kinematic parameters. Second, we found that movements were initiated slower during the no prime compared to all other conditions. However, this effect did not affect movement kinematics. Importantly, the size of both effects was similar regardless of vision. Together, these results suggest that visuomotor priming effects exhibit a similar influence on memory-guided and visually guided actions, indicating the same underlying object representations for those actions, and thus further challenging the real-time view of motor programming. Furthermore, the two different priming effects suggest the presence of functionally distinct, yet related modules or processes related to action preparation and motor programming, and hint towards possible ventrodorsal interactions.
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