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Li J, Zhong B, Li M, Sun Y, Fan W, Liu S. Effort expenditure modulates feedback evaluations involving self-other agreement: evidence from brain potentials and neural oscillations. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae095. [PMID: 38517174 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of effort expenditure on the subjective value in feedback involving material reward has been the focus of previous research. However, little is known about the impact of effort expenditure on subjective value evaluations when feedback involves reward that is produced in the context of social interaction (e.g. self-other agreement). Moreover, how effort expenditure influences confidence (second-order subjective value) in feedback evaluations remains unclear. Using electroencephalography, this study aimed to address these questions. Event-related potentials showed that, after exerting high effort, participants exhibited increased reward positivity difference in response to self-other (dis)agreement feedback. After exerting low effort, participants reported high confidence, and the self-other disagreement feedback evoked a larger P3a. Time-frequency analysis showed that the high-effort task evoked increased frontal midline theta power. In the low (vs. high)-effort task, the frontal midline delta power for self-other disagreement feedback was enhanced. These findings suggest that, at the early feedback evaluation stage, after exerting high effort, individuals exhibit an increased sensitivity of subjective value evaluation in response to self-other agreement feedback. At the later feedback evaluation stage, after completing the low-effort task, the self-other disagreement feedback violates the individuals'high confidence and leads to a metacognitive mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410081, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410081, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shuangxi Liu
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, China
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Zheng J, Wang L, Meng L. When the Counterpart Chooses the Opposite: The First Mover’s Anticipation and Evaluation of the Final Feedback in Gambles. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:948579. [PMID: 36033619 PMCID: PMC9400596 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.948579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examines the effect of response (in) consistency on the first mover’s anticipation and evaluation of the performance feedback in gambles. In a two-player gambling task, the participant played as the first mover while the confederate served as the second mover, who made their gambles in sequence. A more pronounced feedback-related negativity (FRN) was observed when the first mover noticed that the second mover chose a different option from him/her. An enlarged stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) was observed when the first mover was anticipating the final feedback in this condition. Interestingly, consistent responses gave rise to a more pronounced FRN difference wave (d-FRN) during the feedback stage. Taken together, these results suggest that response discrepancy would modulate the first mover’s anticipation and evaluation of the final feedback in gambles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Zheng
- Alibaba Business School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Organizational Behavior and Organizational Neuroscience, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Meng,
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Wei W, Mo Z, Liu J, Meng L. Man's Pursuit of Meaning: Unexpected Termination Bolsters One's Autonomous Motivation in an Irrelevant Ensuing Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:81. [PMID: 32317948 PMCID: PMC7146049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaningfulness has been suggested as one of the fundamental psychological needs, as one would actively pursue meaning in both his/her work life and personal life. Previous studies consistently showed that a lack of meaning in work would reduce one's autonomous motivation in the current job, which is the motivation to engage in self-determined activities driven by one's own interests or personal beliefs. However, researchers overlooked the fact that in work settings, it is not uncommon that people work on multiple tasks in a row. As a result, the cross-task effect of work meaningfulness remains understudied. Based on the meaning maintenance model (MMM) and the suggested fluid compensation strategy, we predicted that the disappearance of the meaning of work may induce a compensatory response and thus enhance one's autonomous motivation in an irrelevant ensuing activity. To test this hypothesis, we invited participants to work on an encyclopedic knowledge quiz in Session 1 and a StopWatch (SW) task in Session 2. A between-subject design was adopted. While participants in the control group successfully completed their tasks in Session 1, those in the experimental group encountered unexpected program quits by the end of the quiz, and their previous efforts suddenly became futile and meaningless. Electroencephalography was recorded during the experiment to measure reward positivity (RewP). In Session 2, a more pronounced RewP in the win-lose difference wave was observed in the experimental group in contrast to the control group, suggesting that the disappearance of the meaning of work enhanced one's autonomous motivation in an irrelevant activity that follows. Therefore, results of this study provided preliminary electrophysiological evidence for one's pursuit of meaning and the compensation effect induced by the disappearance of the meaning of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Mo
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Liu C, Huo Z. A tradeoff relationship between internal monitoring and external feedback during the dynamic process of reinforcement learning. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 150:11-19. [PMID: 31982452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective behavior monitoring, including internal monitoring/error detection and external monitoring/feedback, is very pivotal for reinforcement learning. However, less attention has been paid to internal monitoring and the dynamic learning performance in reinforcement learning, and there is still a heated debate on which kind of external feedback is relied on in the reinforcement learning. In order to address these questions, an adaption probabilistic selection task was used to examine the effect of the internal monitoring, external feedback and the relationship between them for approach learners and avoidance learners during dynamic learning process of reinforcement learning and behavior adaption. Error-related negativity (ERN), feedback-related negativity (FRN) and feedback-related P300 are three ERPs components, which can be used as the indexes of internal monitoring, external feedback and behavior adaption. For our results, the ERN effect of avoidance learners become large in block 3, which is earlier than approach learners (block 4). This phenomenon suggests that avoidance learners learned faster than approach learners. In addition, the FRN amplitude of avoidance learners in block 4 was significantly smaller than the other three blocks. The aforementioned results demonstrated a tradeoff relationship between the ERN and FRN effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Liu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Huo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
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Patterns of electrical brain activation in response to socially-disputed perceptual judgments. Neuroreport 2019; 30:1205-1209. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fang H, Fu H, Li X, Meng L. Trapped in the woods: High performance goal orientation impedes competence restoration. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang L, Zhang X, Li L, Meng L. Taking Others as a Mirror: Contingent Social Comparison Promotes Task Engagement. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:476. [PMID: 30555312 PMCID: PMC6282022 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social comparison implemented in an informational while not controlling manner can be motivating. In order to directly examine the effect of contingent social comparison on one’s task engagement, we manipulated social comparison in an experimental study and adopted an electrophysiological approach to measure one’ task engagement. In this experiment, we engaged the participants in a modified stop-watch (SW) task which requires a button press to stop the watch within a given time interval and instructed the participants to either play alone or simultaneously play with a same-sex counterpart. In the latter case, they could freely solicit feedback on their counterparts’ performance besides their own. Enlarged stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) and error-related negativity (ERN) were observed in the two-player condition, indicating strengthened anticipatory attention toward the task-onset stimulus at the pre-task stage and enhanced performance surveillance during task execution. As a complement, self-report data suggested that the participants were more intrinsically motivated to engage in the SW task when contingent social comparison was present. Thus, converging electrophysiological and behavioral evidences suggested the pivotal role of contingent social comparison in promoting self-directed task engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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