1
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Zhao S, Gao Y, Leng H, Sun L, Huo B. Prediction of Bone Remodeling in Rat Caudal Vertebrae Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling Simulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03562-5. [PMID: 38941057 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Some previous researches have demonstrated that appropriate mechanical stimulation can enhance bone formation. However, most studies have employed the strain energy density (SED) method for predicting bone remodeling, with only a few considering the potential impact of wall fluid shear stress (FSS) on this process. To bridge this gap, the current study compared the prediction of bone formation and resorption via SED and wall FSS by using fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation. Specifically, 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to stretching of the eighth caudal vertebra using a custom-made device. Based on micro-computed tomography images, a three-dimensional model integrating fluid-solid coupling was created to represent compact bone, cancellous bone, and bone marrow. The animals were grouped into control, 1 Hz, and 10 Hz categories, wherein a tensile displacement load of 1000 με was applied to the loading end. The results revealed that SED values tended to increase with elevated porosity, whereas wall FSS values decreased it. Notably, wall FSS demonstrated the higher predictive accuracy for cancellous bone resorption than SED. These findings support the notion that fluid flow within cancellous bone spaces can significantly impact bone resorption. Therefore, the findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of wall FSS in bone remodeling, providing a theoretical support for the dynamic evolution of bone structures under mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhao
- Biomechanics Lab, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
- Sport Biomechanics Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianwen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huo
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
- Sport Biomechanics Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Drakoulas G, Gortsas T, Polyzos E, Tsinopoulos S, Pyl L, Polyzos D. An explainable machine learning-based probabilistic framework for the design of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:987-1012. [PMID: 38416219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, 3D-printed biodegradable scaffolds have shown great potential for bone repair in critical-size fractures. The differentiation of the cells on a scaffold is impacted among other factors by the surface deformation of the scaffold due to mechanical loading and the wall shear stresses imposed by the interstitial fluid flow. These factors are in turn significantly affected by the material properties, the geometry of the scaffold, as well as the loading and flow conditions. In this work, a numerical framework is proposed to study the influence of these factors on the expected osteochondral cell differentiation. The considered scaffold is rectangular with a 0/90 lay-down pattern and a four-layered strut made of polylactic acid with a 5% steel particle content. The distribution of the different types of cells on the scaffold surface is estimated through a scalar stimulus, calculated by using a mechanobioregulatory model. To reduce the simulation time for the computation of the stimulus, a probabilistic machine learning (ML)-based reduced-order model (ROM) is proposed. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed using the Shapley additive explanations to examine the contribution of the various parameters to the framework stimulus predictions. In a final step, a multiobjective optimization procedure is implemented using genetic algorithms and the ROM, aiming to identify the material parameters and loading conditions that maximize the percentage of surface area populated by bone cells while minimizing the area corresponding to the other types of cells and the resorption condition. The results of the performed analysis highlight the potential of using ROMs for the scaffold design, by dramatically reducing the simulation time while enabling the efficient implementation of sensitivity analysis and optimization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Drakoulas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
| | - Theodore Gortsas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece.
| | - Efstratios Polyzos
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephanos Tsinopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece
| | - Lincy Pyl
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Demosthenes Polyzos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
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3
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Ghoshal D, Petersen I, Ringquist R, Kramer L, Bhatia E, Hu T, Richard A, Park R, Corbin J, Agarwal S, Thomas A, Ramirez S, Tharayil J, Downey E, Ketchum F, Ochal A, Sonthi N, Lonial S, Kochenderfer JN, Tran R, Zhu M, Lam WA, Coskun AF, Roy K. Multi-Niche Human Bone Marrow On-A-Chip for Studying the Interactions of Adoptive CAR-T Cell Therapies with Multiple Myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588601. [PMID: 38644993 PMCID: PMC11030357 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of bone marrow plasma cells, is the second-most common hematological malignancy. However, despite immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, relapse is nearly universal. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment influences how MM cells survive, proliferate, and resist treatment. Yet, it is unclear which BM niches give rise to MM pathophysiology. Here, we present a 3D microvascularized culture system, which models the endosteal and perivascular bone marrow niches, allowing us to study MM-stroma interactions in the BM niche and model responses to therapeutic CAR-T cells. We demonstrated the prolonged survival of cell line-based and patient-derived multiple myeloma cells within our in vitro system and successfully flowed in donor-matched CAR-T cells. We then measured T cell survival, differentiation, and cytotoxicity against MM cells using a variety of analysis techniques. Our MM-on-a-chip system could elucidate the role of the BM microenvironment in MM survival and therapeutic evasion and inform the rational design of next-generation therapeutics. TEASER A multiple myeloma model can study why the disease is still challenging to treat despite options that work well in other cancers.
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4
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Yan L, Guo L. Exercise-regulated white adipocyte differentitation: An insight into its role and mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1670-1692. [PMID: 37334782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes play a key role in the regulation of fat mass amount and energy balance. An appropriate level of white adipocyte differentiation is important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Exercise, an important way to improve metabolic health, can regulate white adipocyte differentiation. In this review, the effect of exercise on the differentiation of white adipocytes is summarized. Exercise could regulate adipocyte differentiation in multiple ways, such as exerkines, metabolites, microRNAs, and so on. The potential mechanism underlying the role of exercise in adipocyte differentiation is also reviewed and discussed. In-depth investigation of the role and mechanism of exercise in white adipocyte differentiation would provide new insights into exercise-mediated improvement of metabolism and facilitate the application of exercise-based strategy against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Yan
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kontogianni GI, Loukelis K, Bonatti AF, Batoni E, De Maria C, Naseem R, Dalgarno K, Vozzi G, MacManus DB, Mondal S, Dunne N, Vitale-Brovarone C, Chatzinikolaidou M. Effect of Uniaxial Compression Frequency on Osteogenic Cell Responses in Dynamic 3D Cultures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050532. [PMID: 37237602 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of mechanical stimulation on bone tissue engineering constructs aims to mimic the native dynamic nature of bone. Although many attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of applied mechanical stimuli on osteogenic differentiation, the conditions that govern this process have not yet been fully explored. In this study, pre-osteoblastic cells were seeded on PLLA/PCL/PHBV (90/5/5 wt.%) polymeric blend scaffolds. The constructs were subjected every day to cyclic uniaxial compression for 40 min at a displacement of 400 μm, using three frequency values, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 Hz, for up to 21 days, and their osteogenic response was compared to that of static cultures. Finite element simulation was performed to validate the scaffold design and the loading direction, and to assure that cells inside the scaffolds would be subjected to significant levels of strain during stimulation. None of the applied loading conditions negatively affected the cell viability. The alkaline phosphatase activity data indicated significantly higher values at all dynamic conditions compared to the static ones at day 7, with the highest response being observed at 0.5 Hz. Collagen and calcium production were significantly increased compared to static controls. These results indicate that all of the examined frequencies substantially promoted the osteogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Loukelis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Amedeo Franco Bonatti
- Research Center E. Piaggio and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Batoni
- Research Center E. Piaggio and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center E. Piaggio and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raasti Naseem
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kenneth Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center E. Piaggio and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B MacManus
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 W6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Subrata Mondal
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 W6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 W6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH)-IESL, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Redhead Y, Gibbins D, Lana-Elola E, Watson-Scales S, Dobson L, Krause M, Liu KJ, Fisher EMC, Green JBA, Tybulewicz VLJ. Craniofacial dysmorphology in Down syndrome is caused by increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes. Development 2023; 150:dev201077. [PMID: 37102702 PMCID: PMC10163349 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), occurs in 1 in 800 live births and is the most common human aneuploidy. DS results in multiple phenotypes, including craniofacial dysmorphology, which is characterised by midfacial hypoplasia, brachycephaly and micrognathia. The genetic and developmental causes of this are poorly understood. Using morphometric analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS and an associated mouse genetic mapping panel, we demonstrate that four Hsa21-orthologous regions of mouse chromosome 16 contain dosage-sensitive genes that cause the DS craniofacial phenotype, and identify one of these causative genes as Dyrk1a. We show that the earliest and most severe defects in Dp1Tyb skulls are in bones of neural crest (NC) origin, and that mineralisation of the Dp1Tyb skull base synchondroses is aberrant. Furthermore, we show that increased dosage of Dyrk1a results in decreased NC cell proliferation and a decrease in size and cellularity of the NC-derived frontal bone primordia. Thus, DS craniofacial dysmorphology is caused by an increased dosage of Dyrk1a and at least three other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Dobson
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial Biology and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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7
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Melo-Fonseca F, Carvalho O, Gasik M, Miranda G, Silva FS. Mechanical stimulation devices for mechanobiology studies: a market, literature, and patents review. Biodes Manuf 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-023-00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSignificant advancements in various research and technological fields have contributed to remarkable findings on the physiological dynamics of the human body. To more closely mimic the complex physiological environment, research has moved from two-dimensional (2D) culture systems to more sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) dynamic cultures. Unlike bioreactors or microfluidic-based culture models, cells are typically seeded on polymeric substrates or incorporated into 3D constructs which are mechanically stimulated to investigate cell response to mechanical stresses, such as tensile or compressive. This review focuses on the working principles of mechanical stimulation devices currently available on the market or custom-built by research groups or protected by patents and highlights the main features still open to improvement. These are the features which could be focused on to perform, in the future, more reliable and accurate mechanobiology studies.
Graphic abstract
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8
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Effect of direct current electrical stimulation on osteogenic differentiation and calcium influx. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Ma Q, Miri Z, Haugen HJ, Moghanian A, Loca D. Significance of mechanical loading in bone fracture healing, bone regeneration, and vascularization. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172573. [PMID: 37251734 PMCID: PMC10214107 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1892, J.L. Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone and its potential to aid in tissue repair. Routine activities such as exercise or machinery application can exert mechanical loads on bone. Previous research has demonstrated that mechanical loading can affect the differentiation and development of mesenchymal tissue. However, the extent to which mechanical stimulation can help repair or generate bone tissue and the related mechanisms remain unclear. Four key cell types in bone tissue, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone lining cells, and osteocytes, play critical roles in responding to mechanical stimuli, while other cell lineages such as myocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes also exhibit mechanosensitivity. Mechanical loading can regulate the biological functions of bone tissue through the mechanosensor of bone cells intraosseously, making it a potential target for fracture healing and bone regeneration. This review aims to clarify these issues and explain bone remodeling, structure dynamics, and mechano-transduction processes in response to mechanical loading. Loading of different magnitudes, frequencies, and types, such as dynamic versus static loads, are analyzed to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone tissue structure and cellular function. Finally, the importance of vascularization in nutrient supply for bone healing and regeneration was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of
Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zahra Miri
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Amirhossein Moghanian
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dagnjia Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials
Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga,
Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of
Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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10
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Bernhard JC, Marolt Presen D, Li M, Monforte X, Ferguson J, Leinfellner G, Heimel P, Betti SL, Shu S, Teuschl-Woller AH, Tangl S, Redl H, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Effects of Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification Pathways on Bone Tissue Formation and Vascularization in Human Tissue-Engineered Grafts. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193070. [PMID: 36231032 PMCID: PMC9564153 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts can be engineered by differentiating human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) via the endochondral and intramembranous ossification pathways. We evaluated the effects of each pathway on the properties of engineered bone grafts and their capacity to drive bone regeneration. Bone-marrow-derived MSCs were differentiated on silk scaffolds into either hypertrophic chondrocytes (hyper) or osteoblasts (osteo) over 5 weeks of in vitro cultivation, and were implanted subcutaneously for 12 weeks. The pathways' constructs were evaluated over time with respect to gene expression, composition, histomorphology, microstructure, vascularization and biomechanics. Hypertrophic chondrocytes expressed higher levels of osteogenic genes and deposited significantly more bone mineral and proteins than the osteoblasts. Before implantation, the mineral in the hyper group was less mature than that in the osteo group. Following 12 weeks of implantation, the hyper group had increased mineral density but a similar overall mineral composition compared with the osteo group. The hyper group also displayed significantly more blood vessel infiltration than the osteo group. Both groups contained M2 macrophages, indicating bone regeneration. These data suggest that, similar to the body's repair processes, endochondral pathway might be more advantageous when regenerating large defects, whereas intramembranous ossification could be utilized to guide the tissue formation pattern with a scaffold architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Bernhard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xavier Monforte
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - James Ferguson
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Leinfellner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna L. Betti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharon Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (G.V.-N.); Tel.: +43-(0)-59393-41961 (H.R.); +1-212-305-2304 (G.V.-N.); Fax: +43-(0)-59393-41982 (H.R.); +1-212-305-4692 (G.V.-N.)
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (G.V.-N.); Tel.: +43-(0)-59393-41961 (H.R.); +1-212-305-2304 (G.V.-N.); Fax: +43-(0)-59393-41982 (H.R.); +1-212-305-4692 (G.V.-N.)
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11
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CyMAD bioreactor: A cyclic magnetic actuation device for magnetically mediated mechanical stimulation of 3D bioprinted hydrogel scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Rayat Pisheh H, Ansari M, Eslami H. How is mechanobiology involved in bone regenerative medicine? Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Zhang J, Griesbach J, Ganeyev M, Zehnder AK, Zeng P, Schädli GN, Leeuw AD, Lai Y, Rubert M, Mueller R. Long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35617929 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac73b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading has been shown to influence various osteogenic responses of bone-derived cells and bone formation in vivo. However, the influence of mechanical stimulation on the formation of bone organoid in vitro is not clearly understood. Here, 3D bioprinted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-laden graphene oxide composite scaffolds were cultured in a novel cyclic-loading bioreactors for up to 56 days. Our results showed that mechanical loading from day 1 (ML01) significantly increased organoid mineral density, organoid stiffness, and osteoblast differentiation compared with non-loading and mechanical loading from day 21. Importantly, ML01 stimulated collagen I maturation, osteocyte differentiation, lacunar-canalicular network formation and YAP expression on day 56. These finding are the first to reveal that long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Such 3D bone organoids may serve as a human-specific alternative to animal testing for the study of bone pathophysiology and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Julia Griesbach
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marsel Ganeyev
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anna-Katharina Zehnder
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Peng Zeng
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Gian Nutal Schädli
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anke de Leeuw
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Marina Rubert
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | - Ralph Mueller
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
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14
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Hung CT, Racine-Avila J, Pellicore MJ, Aaron R. Biophysical Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation in the Context of Skeletal Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073919. [PMID: 35409277 PMCID: PMC8998876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature of the skeleton is its ability to remodel in response to biophysical stimuli and to repair under varied biophysical conditions. This allows the skeleton considerable adaptation to meet its physiological roles of stability and movement. Skeletal cells and their mesenchymal precursors exist in a native environment rich with biophysical signals, and they sense and respond to those signals to meet organismal demands of the skeleton. While mechanical strain is the most recognized of the skeletal biophysical stimuli, signaling phenomena also include fluid flow, hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, and ion-movement-related electrokinetic phenomena including, prominently, streaming potentials. Because of the complex interactions of these electromechanical signals, it is difficult to isolate the significance of each. The application of external electrical and electromagnetic fields allows an exploration of the effects of these stimuli on cell differentiation and extra-cellular matrix formation in the absence of mechanical strain. This review takes a distinctly translational approach to mechanistic and preclinical studies of differentiation and skeletal lineage commitment of mesenchymal cells under biophysical stimulation. In vitro studies facilitate the examination of isolated cellular responses while in vivo studies permit the observation of cell differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.T.H.); (M.J.P.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer Racine-Avila
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Pellicore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.T.H.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Roy Aaron
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-274-9660
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15
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Drapal V, Gamble JM, Robinson JL, Tamerler C, Arnold PM, Friis EA. Integration of clinical perspective into biomimetic bioreactor design for orthopedics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:321-337. [PMID: 34510706 PMCID: PMC9292211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The challenges to accommodate multiple tissue formation metrics in conventional bioreactors have resulted in an increased interest to explore novel bioreactor designs. Bioreactors allow researchers to isolate variables in controlled environments to quantify cell response. While current bioreactor designs can effectively provide either mechanical, electrical, or chemical stimuli to the controlled environment, these systems lack the ability to combine all these stimuli simultaneously to better recapitulate the physiological environment. Introducing a dynamic and systematic combination of biomimetic stimuli bioreactor systems could tremendously enhance its clinical relevance in research. Thus, cues from different tissue responses should be studied collectively and included in the design of a biomimetic bioreactor platform. This review begins by providing a summary on the progression of bioreactors from simple to complex designs, focusing on the major advances in bioreactor technology and the approaches employed to better simulate in vivo conditions. The current state of bioreactors in terms of their clinical relevance is also analyzed. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive overview of individual biophysical stimuli and their role in establishing a biomimetic microenvironment for tissue engineering. To date, the most advanced bioreactor designs only incorporate one or two stimuli. Thus, the cell response measured is likely unrelated to the actual clinical performance. Integrating clinically relevant stimuli in bioreactor designs to study cell response can further advance the understanding of physical phenomenon naturally occurring in the body. In the future, the clinically informed biomimetic bioreactor could yield more efficiently translatable results for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Drapal
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jordan M Gamble
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Paul M Arnold
- Carle School of Medicine, University of Illinois-Champaign Urbana, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Friis
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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16
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Park YL, Park K, Cha JM. 3D-Bioprinting Strategies Based on In Situ Bone-Healing Mechanism for Vascularized Bone Tissue Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030287. [PMID: 33800485 PMCID: PMC8000586 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a number of bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches have been developed to address substantial challenges in the management of critical size bone defects. Although the majority of BTE strategies developed in the laboratory have been limited due to lack of clinical relevance in translation, primary prerequisites for the construction of vascularized functional bone grafts have gained confidence owing to the accumulated knowledge of the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of mesenchymal stem cells and bone-relevant biomaterials that reflect bone-healing mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of bone-healing mechanisms focusing on the details that should be embodied in the development of vascularized BTE, and discuss promising strategies based on 3D-bioprinting technologies that efficiently coalesce the abovementioned main features in bone-healing systems, which comprehensively interact during the bone regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lin Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- 3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8685 (K.P.); +82-32-835-8686 (J.M.C.)
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- 3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (J.M.C.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8685 (K.P.); +82-32-835-8686 (J.M.C.)
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17
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Le J, Zhongqun L, Zhaoyan W, Yijun S, Yingjin W, Yaojie W, Yanan J, Zhanrong J, Chunyang M, Fangli G, Nan X, Lingyun Z, Xiumei W, Qiong W, Xiong L, Xiaodan S. Development of methods for detecting the fate of mesenchymal stem cells regulated by bone bioactive materials. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:613-626. [PMID: 33005826 PMCID: PMC7508719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by biological, physical and chemical signals. Developments in biotechnology and materials science promoted the occurrence of bioactive materials which can provide physical and chemical signals for MSCs to regulate their fate. In order to design and synthesize materials that can precisely regulate the fate of MSCs, the relationship between the properties of materials and the fate of mesenchymal stem cells need to be clarified, in which the detection of the fate of mesenchymal stem cells plays an important role. In the past 30 years, a series of detection technologies have been developed to detect the fate of MSCs regulated by bioactive materials, among which high-throughput technology has shown great advantages due to its ability to detect large amounts of data at one time. In this review, the latest research progresses of detecting the fate of MSCs regulated by bone bioactive materials (BBMs) are systematically reviewed from traditional technology to high-throughput technology which is emphasized especially. Moreover, current problems and the future development direction of detection technologies of the MSCs fate regulated by BBMs are prospected. The aim of this review is to provide a detection technical framework for researchers to establish the relationship between the properties of BMMs and the fate of MSCs, so as to help researchers to design and synthesize BBMs better which can precisely regulate the fate of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Le
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhongqun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhaoyan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Yijun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yingjin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yaojie
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yanan
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhanrong
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Chunyang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Fangli
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Lingyun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiumei
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Qiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Xiaodan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW One aim in bone tissue engineering is to develop human cell-based, 3D in vitro bone models to study bone physiology and pathology. Due to the heterogeneity of cells among patients, patient's own cells are needed to be obtained, ideally, from one single cell source. This review attempts to identify the appropriate cell sources for development of such models. RECENT FINDINGS Bone marrow and peripheral blood are considered as suitable sources for extraction of osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast progenitor cells. Recent studies on these cell sources have shown no significant differences between isolated progenitor cells. However, various parameters such as medium composition affect the cell's proliferation and differentiation potential which could make the peripheral blood-derived stem cells superior to the ones from bone marrow. Peripheral blood can be considered a suitable source for osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast progenitor cells, being less invasive for the patient. However, more investigations are needed focusing on extraction and differentiation of both cell types from the same donor sample of peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ansari
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Spangenberg J, Kilian D, Czichy C, Ahlfeld T, Lode A, Günther S, Odenbach S, Gelinsky M. Bioprinting of Magnetically Deformable Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:648-662. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Spangenberg
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Charis Czichy
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Strasse 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Strasse 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Odenbach
- Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Strasse 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part II: Systems and Applications. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing micro-bioreactor types and their applications, and highlight important results gathered with the respective systems. As an interesting detail, we found that micro-bioreactors have already been used in SARS-CoV research prior to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As our literature research revealed a variety of 3D cell culture configurations in the examined bioreactor systems, we defined in review part one “complexity levels” by means of the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques applied in the systems. The definition of the complexity is thereby based on the knowledge that the spatial distribution of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the spatial distribution of homologous and heterologous cell–cell contacts play an important role in modulating cell functions. Because at least one of these parameters can be assigned to the 3D cell culture techniques discussed in the present review, we structured the studies according to the complexity levels applied in the MBR systems.
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21
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Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.
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22
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Farahat M, Kazi GAS, Hara ES, Matsumoto T. Effect of Biomechanical Environment on Degeneration of Meckel's Cartilage. J Dent Res 2020; 100:171-178. [PMID: 33000980 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520960118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During orofacial tissue development, the anterior and posterior regions of the Meckel's cartilage undergo mineralization, while the middle region undergoes degeneration. Despite the interesting and particular phenomena, the mechanisms that regulate the different fates of Meckel's cartilage, including the effects of biomechanical cues, are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the course of Meckel's cartilage during embryonic development from a biomechanical perspective. Histomorphological and biomechanical (stiffness) changes in the Meckel's cartilage were analyzed from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 0. The results revealed remarkable changes in the morphology and size of chondrocytes, as well as the occurrence of chondrocyte burst in the vicinity of the mineralization site, an often-seen phenomenon preceding endochondral ossification. To understand the effect of biomechanical cues on Meckel's cartilage fate, a mechanically tuned 3-dimensional hydrogel culture system was used. At the anterior region, a moderately soft environment (10-kPa hydrogel) promoted chondrocyte burst and ossification. On the contrary, at the middle region, a more rigid environment (40-kPa hydrogel) enhanced cartilage degradation by inducing a higher expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13. These results indicate that differences in the biomechanical properties of the surrounding environment are essential factors that distinctly guide the mineralization and degradation of Meckel's cartilage and would be valuable tools for modulating in vitro cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farahat
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - G A S Kazi
- Department of Applied Life Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - E S Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Consolo U, Bellini P, Melini GM, Ferri A, Lizio G. Analysis of Marsupialization of Mandibular Cysts in Improving the Healing of Related Bone Defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1355.e1-1355.e11. [PMID: 32482564 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Marsupialization, designed to reduce the mandibular cyst volume, has continued to debated regarding its influence on the healing of the related bone cavity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional radiographic variation over time in mandibular odontogenic cystic lesions after marsupialization and assess the correlations between these variations and variables that can affect the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS We planned a retrospective cohort study. The predictor variables were the treatment duration, preoperative volume, patient age, histologic type, and number of preoperative residual bony walls. The outcomes variables were the postoperative volume reduction and the daily reduction rate calculated using computed tomography (CT) from before to after marsupialization using software designed for volumetric reconstruction and measurement of cyst-related bone defects. The descriptive and bivariate statistics were computerized, and the significance level was set at P = .05. RESULTS The sample included 15 patients (12 men and 3 women; mean age, 51.6; range, 27 to 85 years) affected by keratocysts (n = 6), dentigerous cysts (n = 6), and radicular cysts (n = 3) who had undergone marsupialization. The median duration of marsupialization was 406 days (25th to 75th percentile, 276 to 519). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) pre- and postdecompression volumes were 6,908.27 ± 2,669.058 and 2,468.13 ± 1,343.517 mm3, respectively (P < 0.001), and the mean ± SD percentage of reduction was 63.90 ± 13.12%. The volume decrease in the bone defects correlated positively with the treatment duration (P = .009) and preoperative volume (P < .001). However, no correlation was found with the other variables (P > .05) nor between the daily reduction rate and other variables (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Marsupialization appears useful in improving the healing of cyst-related bone defects in mandibles, especially larger defects. Further studies with a wider sample size would add more knowledge to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Consolo
- Professor, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, School of Dentistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pierantonio Bellini
- Researcher, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, School of Dentistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Melini
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, School of Dentistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Agnese Ferri
- Scholar, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lizio
- Resident, Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Policlinico di Modena Hospital, Modena, Italy; Research Assistant, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Vannozzi L, Gouveia P, Pingue P, Canale C, Ricotti L. Novel Ultrathin Films Based on a Blend of PEG- b-PCL and PLLA and Doped with ZnO Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21398-21410. [PMID: 32302103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel nanofilm type is proposed based on a blend of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) methyl ether (PEG-b-PCL) and poly(l-lactic acid), doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) at different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL). All nanofilm types were featured by a thickness value of ∼500 nm. Increasing ZnO NP concentrations implied larger roughness values (∼22 nm for the bare nanofilm and ∼67 nm for the films with 10 mg/mL of NPs), larger piezoelectricity (average d33 coefficient for the film up to ∼1.98 pm/V), and elastic modulus: the nanofilms doped with 1 and 10 mg/mL of NPs were much stiffer than the nondoped controls and nanofilms doped with 0.1 mg/mL of NPs. The ZnO NP content was also directly proportional to the material melting point and crystallinity and inversely proportional to the material degradation rate, thus highlighting the stabilization role of ZnO particles. In vitro tests were carried out with cells of the musculoskeletal apparatus (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and myoblasts). All cell types showed good adhesion and viability on all substrate formulations. Interestingly, a higher content of ZnO NPs in the matrix demonstrated higher bioactivity, boosting the metabolic activity of fibroblasts, myoblasts, and chondrocytes and enhancing the osteogenic and myogenic differentiation. These findings demonstrated the potential of these nanocomposite matrices for regenerative medicine applications, such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Liberta 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pedro Gouveia
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Pasqualantonio Pingue
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR Istituto Nanoscienze, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertá 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Liberta 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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25
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Effects of Flow Rate on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Oxygen Consumption Rates in 3D Bone-Tissue-Engineered Constructs Cultured in Perfusion Bioreactor Systems. FLUIDS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids5010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone grafts represent a multibillion-dollar industry, with over a million grafts occurring each year. Common graft types are associated with issues such as donor site morbidity in autologous grafts and immunological response in allogenic grafts. Bone-tissue-engineered constructs are a logical approach to combat the issues commonly encountered with these bone grafting techniques. When creating bone-tissue-engineered constructs, monitoring systems are required to determine construct characteristics, such as cellularity and cell type. This study aims to expand on the current predictive metrics for these characteristics, specifically analyzing the effects of media flow rate on oxygen uptake rates (OURs) of mesenchymal stem cells seeded on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor. To do this, oxygen consumption rates were measured for cell/scaffold constructs at varying flow rates ranging from 150 to 750 microliters per minute. Residence time analyses were performed for this bioreactor at these flow rates. Average observed oxygen uptake rates of stem cells in perfusion bioreactors were shown to increase with increased oxygen availability at higher flow rates. The residence time analysis helped identify potential pitfalls in current bioreactor designs, such as the presence of channeling. Furthermore, this analysis shows that oxygen uptake rates have a strong linear correlation with residence times of media in the bioreactor setup, where cells were seen to exhibit a maximum oxygen uptake rate of 3 picomoles O2/hr/cell.
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Limraksasin P, Kondo T, Zhang M, Okawa H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Egusa H. In Vitro Fabrication of Hybrid Bone/Cartilage Complex Using Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020581. [PMID: 31963264 PMCID: PMC7014254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell condensation and mechanical stimuli play roles in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis; thus, they are promising for facilitating self-organizing bone/cartilage tissue formation in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, single mouse iPSCs were first seeded in micro-space culture plates to form 3-dimensional spheres. At day 12, iPSC spheres were subjected to shaking culture and maintained in osteogenic induction medium for 31 days (Os induction). In another condition, the osteogenic induction medium was replaced by chondrogenic induction medium at day 22 and maintained for a further 21 days (Os-Chon induction). Os induction produced robust mineralization and some cartilage-like tissue, which promoted expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic marker genes. In contrast, Os-Chon induction resulted in partial mineralization and a large area of cartilage tissue, with greatly increased expression of chondrogenic marker genes along with osterix and collagen 1a1. Os-Chon induction enhanced mesodermal lineage commitment with brachyury expression followed by high expression of lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm marker genes. These results suggest that combined use of micro-space culture and mechanical stimuli facilitates hybrid bone/cartilage tissue formation from iPSCs, and that the bone/cartilage tissue ratio in iPSC constructs could be manipulated through the induction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Choi SW, Kang J, Wang C, Lee HM, Oh SJ, Pak K, Shin N, Lee IW, Lee J, Kong SK. Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Loaded Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Patch for Mastoid Obliteration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1008-1017. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Cogno-mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Joon Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hanmaeum Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51497, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Woo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Keun Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
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Horner CB, Maldonado M, Tai Y, Rony RMIK, Nam J. Spatially Regulated Multiphenotypic Differentiation of Stem Cells in 3D via Engineered Mechanical Gradient. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45479-45488. [PMID: 31714732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the osteochondral interface, cellular and extracellular matrix gradients provide a biomechanical and biochemical niche for homeostatic tissue functions. Postnatal joint loading is critical for the development of such tissue gradients, leading to the formation of functional osteochondral tissues composed of superficial, middle, and deep zones of cartilage, and underlying subchondral bone, in a depth-dependent manner. In this regard, a novel, variable core-shell electrospinning strategy was employed to generate spatially controlled strain gradients within three-dimensional scaffolds under dynamic compressive loading, enabling the local strain-magnitude dependent, multiphenotypic stem cell differentiation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in electrospun scaffolds with a linear or biphasic mechanical gradient, which was computationally engineered and experimentally validated. The cell/scaffold constructs were subjected to various magnitudes of dynamic compressive strains in a scaffold depth-dependent manner at a frequency of 1 Hz for 2 h daily for up to 42 days in osteogenic media. Spatially upregulated gene expression of chondrogenic markers (ACAN, COL2A1, PRG4) and glycosaminoglycan deposition was observed in the areas of greater compressive strains. In contrast, osteogenic markers (COL1A1, SPARC, RUNX2) and calcium deposition were downregulated in response to high local compressive strains. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the maintenance of the engineered mechanical gradients only under dynamic culture conditions, confirming the potent role of biomechanical gradients in developing and maintaining a tissue gradient. These results demonstrate that multiphenotypic differentiation of hMSCs can be controlled by regulating local mechanical microenvironments, providing a novel strategy to recapitulate the gradient structure in osteochondral tissues for successful regeneration of damaged joints in vivo and facile development of interfacial tissue models in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Horner
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Youyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - R M Imtiaz Karim Rony
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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Liu Y, Huang X, Yu H, Yang J, Li Y, Yuan X, Guo Q. HIF-1α-TWIST pathway restrains cyclic mechanical stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:544-554. [PMID: 30938209 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1601185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Mechanical strain plays a crucial role in bone formation and remodeling. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and TWIST are upstream of master regulators of osteogenesis, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This study investigated the effect of the HIF-1α-TWIST pathway on cyclic mechanical stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow derived from the femurs and humeri of Sprague-Dawley rats. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was induced by applying cyclic mechanical stretch using the Flexcell Tension System. HIF-1α and TWIST were knocked down using recombinant lentiviral vectors. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by real-time qPCR, western blotting, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. Results: Cyclic mechanical stretch increased ALP activity and expression of HIF-1α and TWIST in BMSCs. Knockdown of HIF-1α decreased TWIST expression in stretched BMSCs. Moreover, knockdown of HIF-1α or TWIST enhanced cyclic mechanical stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In addition, knockdown of TWIST increased expression of RUNX2 and BMP2 in stretched BMSCs. Conclusions: The HIF-1α-TWIST signaling pathway inhibits cyclic mechanical stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This finding may facilitate cell and tissue engineering for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China.,Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology College of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Nursing and Hospital Infection Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Yazhen Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University , Qingdao , Shandong , China.,Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
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Rational design of gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite cryogel scaffolds for bone regeneration by introducing chemical and physical cues to enhance osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109855. [PMID: 31500067 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of key components in the chemical and physical milieu for directing osteogenesis is a requirement in the investigation of tissue engineering scaffolds for advancement of bone regeneration. In this study, we engineered different gelatin-based cryogels and studied the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) and crosslinking agents on scaffold properties and its osteogenic response towards bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The cryogels examined are 5% gelatin and 5% gelatin/2.5% nHAP, crosslinked either with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GA). We confirmed that nHAP or the crosslinking agent has no effects on scaffold pore size and porosity. Nonetheless, incorporation of nHAP increased mechanical strength, swelling ratio and degree of crosslinking, but decreased degradation rate. Cryogels crosslinked with EDC showed faster degradation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while those prepared from GA crosslinking promoted proliferation of BMSCs. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation was always enhanced in the presence of nHAP irrespective of the culture medium (normal or osteogenic) used but osteogenic medium always provide a higher extent of osteogenic differentiation. Employing gelatin/nHAP cryogel crosslinked by EDC in a bioreactor for dynamic culture of BMSCs, cyclic compressive mechanical simulation was found to be beneficial for both cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. However, the optimum conditions for osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation were found at 30% and 60% strain, respectively. We thus demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs could be tuned by taking advantages of chemical cues generated from scaffold chemistry or physical cues generated from dynamic cell culture in vitro. Furthermore, by combining the best cryogel preparation and in vitro cell culture condition for osteogenesis, we successfully employed in vitro cultured cryogel/BMSCs constructs for repair of rabbit critical-sized cranial bone defects.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the terms sugosteogenesis and distraction sugosteogenesis have been introduced to the scientific literature. While the former describes a biologic phenomenon, the latter refers to the clinical technique which relies on the accelerated normal bone healing process that takes place at the osseous walls surrounding a cystic cavity when active negative pressure is applied. The purpose of this study is to provide the biologic bases and the therapeutic principles of this emerging technique. Employing well-stablished biologic principles, clinical evidence from analogous techniques, emerging experimental data, and circumstantial evidence, this study presents the possible mechanism of action of the evacuator for odontogenic cysts (Evocyst), a closed, vacuum-like drain system intended to treat cystic conditions using negative pressure. METHODS A review of the literature was done. Keywords for the Medline search were: marsupialization, decompression, odontogenic cysts, effects of negative pressure on bone, and negative pressure wound therapy. In addition, relevant publications from the reference list of the retrieved studies were considered. The matches were evaluated for relevance and analyzed accordingly. Clinical reports used to illustrate the concept of distraction sugosteogenesis were performed following the Declaration of Helsinki on medical protocol and ethics. RESULTS Currently, the standard of care to manage odontogenic cystic lesions includes marsupialization, enucleation and curettage, decompression, and surgical resection. However, there is a need for an alternative option in which the entity could be treated while promoting bone formation. With large odontogenic cystic conditions treated in a short period of time, distraction sugosteogenesis appears to be a choice. CONCLUSION The application of negative pressure to osseous cells produces a stretching that creates mechanical cues that trigger signaling pathways, promotes fluid flow, and enhances angiogenesis. All of them, combined, may explain sugosteogenesis. The clinical application of such parameters may explain the good clinical results obtained with the Evocyst.
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He YB, Liu SY, Deng SY, Kuang LP, Xu SY, Li Z, Xu L, Liu W, Ni GX. Mechanical Stretch Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Erythropoietin. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1839627. [PMID: 31360172 PMCID: PMC6642771 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1839627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on the behaviors of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) subjected to mechanical stretch remain unclear. This study was therefore aimed at establishing the dose-response effect of EPO stimulation on rat BMSCs and investigating the effects of mechanical stretch combined with EPO on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs were examined and compared using EPO with different concentrations. Thereafter, BMSCs were subjected to 10% elongation using a Flexcell strain unit, combined with 20 IU/ml EPO. The proliferation of BMSCs was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, and cell cycle assay; meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of Ets-1, C-myc, Ccnd1, and C-fos were detected by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and the mRNA expression levels of ALP, OCN, COL, and Runx2 were detected by qPCR. The role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the osteogenesis of BMSCs stimulated by mechanical stretch combined with 20 IU/ml EPO was examined by Western blot. RESULTS Our results showed that effects of EPO on BMSCs included a dose-response relationship, with the 20 IU/ml EPO yielding the largest. Mechanical stretch combined with 20 IU/ml EPO promoted proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The increase in ALP, mineral deposition, and osteoblastic genes induced by the mechanical stretch-EPO combination was inhibited by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. CONCLUSION EPO was able to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and these effects were enhanced when combined with mechanical stretch. The underlying mechanism may be related to the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin He
- 1School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, China
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Liu
- 3Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Song-Yun Deng
- 4Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Li-Peng Kuang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Shao-Yong Xu
- 4Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhe Li
- 5Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhengzhou Orthopaedics Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- 4Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 6Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Gaoming District of Foshan City, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- 1School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, China
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Mehta S, McClarren B, Aijaz A, Chalaby R, Cook-Chennault K, Olabisi RM. The effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration on poly(ethylene glycol)-microencapsulated mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418800101. [PMID: 30245801 PMCID: PMC6146326 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration has stimulated osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells when these cells were cultured in certain types of three-dimensional environments. However, results of osteogenesis are conflicting with some reports showing no effect of vibration at all. A large number of vibration studies using three-dimensional scaffolds employ scaffolds derived from natural sources. Since these natural sources potentially have inherent biochemical and microarchitectural cues, we explored the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration at low, medium, and high accelerations when mesenchymal stem cells were encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate microspheres. Low and medium accelerations enhanced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells while high accelerations inhibited it. These studies demonstrate that the isolated effect of vibration alone induces osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Brooke McClarren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ayesha Aijaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Rabab Chalaby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ronke M Olabisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Liu SY, Li Z, Xu SY, Xu L, Yang M, Ni GX. Intensity‑dependent effect of treadmill running on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7746-7756. [PMID: 29620179 PMCID: PMC5983966 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of running on bone mass depends on its intensity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that associates running intensity with bone mass is unclear. The current study examined the effects of treadmill running at different intensities on bone mass and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in a rat model. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups and subjected to no running (Con group), low‑intensity running (LIR group), moderate‑intensity running (MIR group), and high‑intensity running (HIR group). Histological, immunohistochemistry and micro‑CT examinations were performed on the femora harvested after 8 weeks of treadmill running. The study demonstrated that treadmill running affected trabecular bone mass in an intensity‑dependent manner. In addition, such an intensity‑dependent effect was also demonstrated on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and proliferation of BMSCs. Furthermore, the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway may be involved in the running‑induced increase in bone mass in rats in the MIR group. There appears to be a biomechanical 'window', in which running‑induced strain signals can increase the number of BMSCs and progenitor cells (specific to the osteoblast lineage) causing upregulation of osteogenesis and downregulation of adipogenesis of BMSCs. This finding may provide insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
- Professor Mo Yang, Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Guo-Xin Ni, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Hausherr TC, Nuss K, Thein E, Krähenbühl S, Applegate LA, Pioletti DP. Effect of temporal onsets of mechanical loading on bone formation inside a tissue engineering scaffold combined with cell therapy. Bone Rep 2018; 8:173-179. [PMID: 29955636 PMCID: PMC6020271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches to combine bone substitutes with biomolecules, cells or mechanical loading have been explored as an alternative to the limitation and risk-related bone auto- and allo-grafts. In particular, human bone progenitor cells seeded in porous poly(L-lactic acid)/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds have shown promising results. Furthermore, the application of mechanical loading has long been known to be a key player in the regulation of bone architecture and mechanical properties. Several in vivo studies have pointed out the importance of its temporal offset. When an early mechanical loading was applied a few days after scaffold implantation, it was ineffective on bone formation, whereas a delayed mechanical loading of several weeks was beneficial for bone tissue regeneration. No information is reported to date on the effectiveness of applying a mechanical loading in vivo on cell-seeded scaffold with respect to bone formation in a bone site. In our study, we were interested in human bone progenitor cells due to their low immunogenicity, sensitivity to mechanical loading and capacity to differentiate into osteogenic human bone progenitor cells. The latest capacity allowed us to test two different bone cell fates originating from the same cell type. Therefore, the general aim of this study was to assess the outcome on bone formation when human bone progenitor cells or pre-differentiated osteogenic human bone progenitor cells are combined with early and delayed mechanical loading inside bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds without cells, named cell-free scaffold, were used as control. Surprisingly, we found that (1) the optimal solution for bone formation is the combination of cell-free scaffolds and delayed mechanical loading and that (2) the timing of the mechanical application is crucial and dependent on the cell type inside the implanted scaffolds. Bone substitutes can contain osteogenic cells or be mechanically stimulated. Both approaches are simultaneously tested in vivo. The combination of cell-free scaffolds and delayed mechanical loading was optimal. The timing of the mechanical application was crucial and dependent on the seeded cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Hausherr
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Thein
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - S Krähenbühl
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - L A Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - D P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Vanderburgh JP, Guelcher SA, Sterling JA. 3D bone models to study the complex physical and cellular interactions between tumor and the bone microenvironment. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5053-5059. [PMID: 29600556 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the complexity of interactions between tumor and its microenvironment has become more evident, a critical need to engineer in vitro models that veritably recapitulate the 3D microenvironment and relevant cell populations has arisen. This need has caused many groups to move away from the traditional 2D, tissue culture plastic paradigms in favor of 3D models with materials that more closely replicate the in vivo milieu. Creating these 3D models remains a difficult endeavor for hard and soft tissues alike as the selection of materials, fabrication processes, and optimal conditions for supporting multiple cell populations makes model development a nontrivial task. Bone tissue in particular is uniquely difficult to model in part because of the limited availability of materials that can accurately capture bone rigidity and architecture, and also due to the dependence of both bone and tumor cell behavior on mechanical signaling. Additionally, the bone is a complex cellular microenvironment with multiple cell types present, including relatively immature, pluripotent cells in the bone marrow. This prospect will focus on the current 3D models in development to more accurately replicate the bone microenvironment, which will help facilitate improved understanding of bone turnover, tumor-bone interactions, and drug response. These studies have demonstrated the importance of accurately modelling the bone microenvironment in order to fully understand signaling and drug response, and the significant effects that model properties such as architecture, rigidity, and dynamic mechanical factors have on tumor and bone cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Vanderburgh
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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37
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Çakmak AS, Çakmak S, Vatansever HS, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Photostimulation of osteogenic differentiation on silk scaffolds by plasma arc light source. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:785-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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38
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Bunpetch V, Zhang ZY, Zhang X, Han S, Zongyou P, Wu H, Hong-Wei O. Strategies for MSC expansion and MSC-based microtissue for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2017; 196:67-79. [PMID: 29602560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained increasing attention as a potential approach for the treatment of bone injuries due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and also their ability to recognize and home to damaged tissue sites, secreting bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and enhance tissue repair. However, a wide gap between the number of MSCs obtainable from the donor site and the number required for implantation, as well as the lack of understanding of MSC functions under different in vitro and in vivo microenvironment, hinders the progression of MSCs toward clinical settings. The clinical translation of MSCs pre-requisites a scalable expansion process for the biomanufacturing of therapeutically qualified cells. This review briefly introduces the features of implanted MSCs to determine the best strategies to optimize their regenerative capacity, as well as the current MSC implantation for bone diseases. Current achievements for expansion of MSCs using various culturing methods, bioreactor technologies, biomaterial platforms, as well as microtissue-based expansion strategies are also discussed, providing new insights into future large-scale MSC expansion and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varitsara Bunpetch
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510150, China.
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Han
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zongyou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ouyang Hong-Wei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510150, China.
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39
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Ouyang N, Zhang P, Fu R, Shen G, Jiang L, Fang B. Mechanical strain promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells from ovariectomized rats via the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1855-1862. [PMID: 29138823 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has become an overwhelming public health problem worldwide. As an elementary physiological factor to regulate bone formation and regeneration, mechanical strain may be used as a non‑invasive intervention in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of continuous mechanical strain (CMS) on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from ovariectomized rats (OVX BMSCs). In addition, involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in biomechanical signal transduction and its function were evaluated. The results demonstrated that OVX BMSCs subjected to CMS exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and deeper staining at 24 and 48 h. In addition, CMS upregulated the mRNA expression levels of ALP, collagen type I, runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as well as the protein expression level of Runx2 in a time‑dependent manner. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was rapidly activated by CMS, with its phosphorylation level reaching its maximum in a short duration and a large quantity of phosphorylated‑Akt remaining in the nucleus. Pre‑treatment with a selective blocker significantly blocked the strain‑induced activation of PI3K/Akt and reduced the commitment of OVX BMSCs into osteoblasts, demonstrating a dominated regulative effect of PI3K/Akt signaling in strain‑induced osteogenesis. These results indicated that CMS induced the early differentiation of OVX BMSCs towards an osteogenic phenotype by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjuan Ouyang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Runqing Fu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Bing Fang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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40
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Jo K, Kim Y, Lee SH, Yoon YS, Kim WH, Kweon OK. Effect of canine cortical bone demineralization on osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00383. [PMID: 28856336 PMCID: PMC5561973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Demineralized bone allografts and mesenchymal stromal cells have been used to promote bone regeneration. However, the degree to which cortical bone should be demineralized for use in combination with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) remains to be clarified. In this study, the in vitro osteogenic ability of Ad-MSCs on allografts was investigated in relation to the extent of demineralization. Three treatment groups were established by varying exposure time to 0.6 N HCL: partially demineralized (PDB; 12 h), fully demineralized (FDB; 48 h), and non-demineralized bone (NDB; 0 h, as a control). Allografts were prepared as discs 6 mm in diameter for in vitro evaluation, and their demineralization and structure were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Ad-MSC adhesion and proliferation were measured by MTS assay, and osteogenesis-related gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. PDB and FDB demineralization rates were 57.13 and 92.30%, respectively. Moreover, Ad-MSC adhesion rates on NDB, PDB, and FDB were 53.41, 60.65, and 61.32%, respectively. Proliferation of these cells on FDB increased significantly after 2 days of culture compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, expression of the osteogenic genes ALP, BMP-7, and TGF-β in the FDB group on culture day 3 was significantly elevated in comparison to the other treatments. Given its biocompatibility and promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs, our results suggest that FDB may be a suitable scaffold for use in the repair of bone defects.
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41
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Barata D, Dias P, Wieringa P, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P. Cell-instructive high-resolution micropatterned polylactic acid surfaces. Biofabrication 2017; 9:035004. [PMID: 28671108 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7d24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoscale topographical structuring of biomaterial surfaces has been a valuable tool for influencing cell behavior, including cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. However, most fabrication techniques for surface patterning of implantable biomaterials suffer from a limited resolution, not allowing controlled generation of sub-cellular three-dimensional features. Here, a direct laser lithography technique based on two-photon absorption was used to construct several patterns varying in size between 500 nm and 15 μm. Through replication via an intermediate mold, the patterns were transferred into polylactic acid (PLA), a widely used biomedical polymer, while retaining the original geometry. An osteoblast-like cell line, MG-63 was used for characterizing the morphological response to the topographical patterns. The results indicated that semi-continuous (dashed) lines, with a height of 1 μm were able to induce cell elongation in the direction of the lines. However, when dashes with a height of 0.5 μm were combined with perpendicularly crossing continuous lines (rails) with a height of 8 μm, the contact guidance effect of the dashes was lost and elongation of the cells was observed in the direction of the larger features. A second pattern, consisting of different arrays of pillars showed that, depending on the pillar height, the cells were either able to spread over the pattern or were confined between the pattern features. These differences in the ability of cells to spread further resulted in the formation of tension forces through stress fibers and displacement of vimentin. The method for high-resolution micropatterning of PLA as presented here can also be applied to other biomedical polymers, making it useful both for fundamental studies and for designing new biomaterials with improved functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands. Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
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Hendrikson WJ, van Blitterswijk CA, Rouwkema J, Moroni L. The Use of Finite Element Analyses to Design and Fabricate Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:30. [PMID: 28567371 PMCID: PMC5434139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling has been increasingly applied to the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Where in early days computational models were used to better understand the biomechanical requirements of targeted tissues to be regenerated, recently, more and more models are formulated to combine such biomechanical requirements with cell fate predictions to aid in the design of functional three-dimensional scaffolds. In this review, we highlight how computational modeling has been used to understand the mechanisms behind tissue formation and can be used for more rational and biomimetic scaffold-based tissue regeneration strategies. With a particular focus on musculoskeletal tissues, we discuss recent models attempting to predict cell activity in relation to specific mechanical and physical stimuli that can be applied to them through porous three-dimensional scaffolds. In doing so, we review the most common scaffold fabrication methods, with a critical view on those technologies that offer better properties to be more easily combined with computational modeling. Finally, we discuss how modeling, and in particular finite element analysis, can be used to optimize the design of scaffolds for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim. J. Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Clemens. A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Horner CB, Hirota K, Liu J, Maldonado M, Hyle Park B, Nam J. Magnitude‐dependent and inversely‐related osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under dynamic compressive strain. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e637-e647. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Hirota
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Junze Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - B. Hyle Park
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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Short bursts of cyclic mechanical compression modulate tissue formation in a 3D hybrid scaffold. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:165-174. [PMID: 28342324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the cues affecting cells behaviour, mechanical stimuli are known to have a key role in tissue formation and mineralization of bone cells. While soft scaffolds are better at mimicking the extracellular environment, they cannot withstand the high loads required to be efficient substitutes for bone in vivo. We propose a 3D hybrid scaffold combining the load-bearing capabilities of polycaprolactone (PCL) and the ECM-like chemistry of collagen gel to support the dynamic mechanical differentiation of human embryonic mesodermal progenitor cells (hES-MPs). In this study, hES-MPs were cultured in vitro and a BOSE Bioreactor was employed to induce cells differentiation by mechanical stimulation. From day 6, samples were compressed by applying a 5% strain ramp followed by peak-to-peak 1% strain sinewaves at 1Hz for 15min. Three different conditions were tested: unloaded (U), loaded from day 6 to day 10 (L1) and loaded as L1 and from day 16 to day 20 (L2). Cell viability, DNA content and osteocalcin expression were tested. Samples were further stained with 1% osmium tetroxide in order to investigate tissue growth and mineral deposition by micro-computed tomography (µCT). Tissue growth involved volumes either inside or outside samples at day 21 for L1, suggesting cyclic stimulation is a trigger for delayed proliferative response of cells. Cyclic load also had a role in the mineralization process preventing mineral deposition when applied at the early stage of culture. Conversely, cyclic load during the late stage of culture on pre-compressed samples induced mineral formation. This study shows that short bursts of compression applied at different stages of culture have contrasting effects on the ability of hES-MPs to induce tissue formation and mineral deposition. The results pave the way for a new approach using mechanical stimulation in the development of engineered in vitro tissue as replacement for large bone fractures.
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Wang C, Shan S, Wang C, Wang J, Li J, Hu G, Dai K, Li Q, Zhang X. Mechanical stimulation promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through epigenetic regulation of Sonic Hedgehog. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:346-356. [PMID: 28215635 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical unloading leads to bone loss and disuse osteoporosis partly due to impaired osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) promotes osteoblastogenesis of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we found that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway was activated in this process. Inhibition of which by either knockdown of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) or treating BMSCs with Hh inhibitors attenuated the osteogenic effect of CMS on BMSCs, suggesting that Hh signaling pathway acts as an endogenous mediator of mechanical stimuli on BMSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Shh expression level was regulated by DNA methylation mechanism. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that DNA methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b) binds to Shh gene promoter, leading to DNA hypermethylation in mechanical unloading BMSCs. However, mechanical stimulation down-regulates the protein level of Dnmt3b, results in DNA demethylation and Shh expression. More importantly, we found that inhibition of Dnmt3b partly rescued bone loss in HU mice by mechanical unloading. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that mechanical stimulation regulates osteoblastic genes expression via direct regulation of Dnmt3b, and the therapeutic inhibition of Dnmt3b may be an efficient strategy for enhancing bone formation under mechanical unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of cell biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Guoli Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
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47
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Wang Z, Wu D, Zou J, Zhou Q, Liu W, Zhang W, Zhou G, Wang X, Pei G, Cao Y, Zhang ZY. Development of demineralized bone matrix-based implantable and biomimetic microcarrier for stem cell expansion and single-step tissue-engineered bone graft construction. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:62-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered bone grafts (TEBG) using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate great potential for bone defect treatment.
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48
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Mohamady HM, Elsisi HF, Aneis YM. Impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on chemotherapy-induced anemia in elderly women with breast cancer: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Adv Res 2016; 8:7-12. [PMID: 27872759 PMCID: PMC5109847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercises are often recommended for patients suffering from anemia to improve physical conditioning and hematologic parameters. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on chemotherapy-induced anemia. Thirty elderly women with breast cancer underwent chemotherapy and were randomly assigned into two equal groups; Group A received aerobic exercise for 25-40 min at 50-70% of the maximum heart rate, 3 times/week for 12 weeks in addition to usual daily living activities, medication and nutritional support. Group B who did not train served as controls. Hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell count (RBCs) were evaluated pre-treatment and after 12 weeks of training. There were significant declines of both Hb (t = 16.30; P < 0.001) and RBCs (t = 10.38; P < 0.001) in group B relative to group A. Regarding group A, Hb increased from 11.52 ± 0.62 to 12.10 ± 0.59 g/dL with a 5.03% change, while RBCs increased from 4.24 ± 0.37 to 4.49 ± 0.42 million cells/μL with a 5.89% change. Between-group differences were noteworthy regarding Hb (t = -5.34; P < 0.001) and RBCs (t = -5.314; P < 0.001). The results indicate that regular participation in moderate intensity aerobic exercise can enhance chemotherapy-induced anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Mohamady
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hany F Elsisi
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Aneis
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
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49
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Ghadban A, Ahmed AS, Ping Y, Ramos R, Arfin N, Cantaert B, Ramanujan RV, Miserez A. Bioinspired pH and magnetic responsive catechol-functionalized chitosan hydrogels with tunable elastic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:697-700. [PMID: 26558317 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08617e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have developed pH- and magnetic-responsive hydrogels that are stabilized by both covalent bonding and catechol/Fe(3+) ligands. The viscoelastic properties of the gels are regulated by the complexation valence and can be used to tune drug release profiles. The stable incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles further expands control over the mechanical response and drug release, in addition to providing magnetic stimuli-responsivity to the gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghadban
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Anansa S Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yuan Ping
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Najmul Arfin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Bram Cantaert
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Raju V Ramanujan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Ali Miserez
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. and Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
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50
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McDermott AM, Mason DE, Lin ASP, Guldberg RE, Boerckel JD. Influence of structural load-bearing scaffolds on mechanical load- and BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:169-181. [PMID: 27208510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A common design constraint in functional tissue engineering is that scaffolds intended for use in load-bearing sites possess similar mechanical properties to the replaced tissue. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in vivo loading would enhance bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-mediated bone regeneration in the presence of a load-bearing PLDL scaffold, whose pores and central core were filled with BMP-2-releasing alginate hydrogel. First, we evaluated the effects of in vivo mechanical loading on bone regeneration in the structural scaffolds. Second, we compared scaffold-mediated bone regeneration, independent of mechanical loading, with alginate hydrogel constructs, without the structural scaffold, that have been shown previously to facilitate in vivo mechanical stimulation of bone formation. Contrary to our hypothesis, mechanical loading had no effect on bone formation, distribution, or biomechanical properties in structural scaffolds. Independent of loading, the structural scaffolds reduced bone formation compared to non-structural alginate, particularly in regions in which the scaffold was concentrated, resulting in impaired functional regeneration. This is attributable to a combination of stress shielding by the scaffold and inhibition of cellular infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Collectively, these data question the necessity of scaffold similarity to mature tissue at the time of implantation and emphasize development of an environment conducive to cellular activation of matrix production and ultimate functional regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M McDermott
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Devon E Mason
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Angela S P Lin
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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