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Miron RJ, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Pikos MA, Nakamura T, Imafuji T, Zhang Y, Shinohara Y, Sculean A, Shirakata Y. The development of non-resorbable bone allografts: Biological background and clinical perspectives. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:161-179. [PMID: 38323368 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Bone grafts are typically categorized into four categories: autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic alloplasts. While it was originally thought that all bone grafts should be slowly resorbed and replaced with native bone over time, accumulating evidence has in fact suggested that the use of nonresorbable xenografts is favored for certain clinical indications. Thus, many clinicians take advantage of the nonresorbable properties/features of xenografts for various clinical indications, such as contour augmentation, sinus grafting, and guided bone regeneration, which are often combined with allografts (e.g., human freeze-dried bone allografts [FDBAs] and human demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts [DFDBAs]). Thus, many clinicians have advocated different 50/50 or 70/30 ratios of allograft/xenograft combination approaches for various grafting procedures. Interestingly, many clinicians believe that one of the main reasons for the nonresorbability or low substitution rates of xenografts has to do with their foreign animal origin. Recent research has indicated that the sintering technique and heating conducted during their processing changes the dissolution rate of hydroxyapatite, leading to a state in which osteoclasts are no longer able to resorb (dissolve) the sintered bone. While many clinicians often combine nonresorbable xenografts with the bone-inducing properties of allografts for a variety of bone augmentation procedures, clinicians are forced to use two separate products owing to their origins (the FDA/CE does not allow the mixture of allografts with xenografts within the same dish/bottle). This has led to significant progress in understanding the dissolution rates of xenografts at various sintering temperature changes, which has since led to the breakthrough development of nonresorbable bone allografts sintered at similar temperatures to nonresorbable xenografts. The advantage of the nonresorbable bone allograft is that they can now be combined with standard allografts to create a single mixture combining the advantages of both allografts and xenografts while allowing the purchase and use of a single product. This review article presents the concept with evidence derived from a 52-week monkey study that demonstrated little to no resorption along with in vitro data supporting this novel technology as a "next-generation" biomaterial with optimized bone grafting material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takatomo Imafuji
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukiya Shinohara
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yoshinori Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Kollek NJ, Pérez-Albacete Martínez C, Granero Marín JM, Maté Sánchez de Val JE. Prospective Clinical Study with New Materials for Tissue Regeneration: A Study in Humans. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:727-734. [PMID: 36195212 PMCID: PMC10569886 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and histomorphometric outcomes of novel bone grafting materials and dental membranes and to compare the results with current data from the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS New synthetic bone substitutes, consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate in the ratio of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% β-tricalcium phosphate, were applied in bony defects and covered by either a novel synthetic poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) or porcine collagen membrane. A sample of 51 biomaterials was placed in a total of 20 patients during different surgical protocols. Implants were simultaneously inserted, and in the case of sinus floor elevations 6 months later. Pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomographies were taken. Bone biopsies were harvested from augmented sides and processed for histomorphometric evaluation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Averages and ranges were calculated for the percentage of newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. Data were submitted to analyze the radiological mean differences in length, width, and density. Paired t-tests were deployed for the analysis of differences within each group between the baseline (preoperative) and the final (postoperative) measurements. RESULTS The mean bone gain in length and width were 0.96 ± 3.33 mm (+27.59%) and 1.22 ± 1.87 mm (+30.48%), respectively. The bone density was increased by a factor of 4, reaching an average of 387.47 ± 328.86 HU. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed new bone formation of 41.44 ± 5.37%, residual biomaterial of 24.91 ± 7.31%, and connective tissue of 33.64 ± 4.81%. The mean healing period was 8.32 ± 3.00 months. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study confirmed the suitability of the tested materials in dental surgery. The biomaterials may be recommended for various clinical procedures. A satisfactory level of increase of new bone was reported in augmented sides. No significant differences were observed between the tested membranes. PLGA membranes might be superior to collagen membranes for their easier handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jeannette Kollek
- Department of Implant Dentistry, International Dental Research Institute, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Albacete Martínez
- Department of Integrated Clinic for Adults, International Dental Research Institute, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Granero Marín
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, International Dental Research Institute, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Eduardo Maté Sánchez de Val
- Department of Implant Dentistry and Periodontology, International Dental Research Institute, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, International Research Institute for Biomaterials, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Nisperos MJ, Bacosa H, Lumancas G, Arellano F, Aron J, Baclayon L, Bantilan ZC, Labares M, Bual R. Time-Dependent Demineralization of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Bones Using Hydrochloric Acid for Extracellular Matrix Extraction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:217. [PMID: 37366812 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a widely cultivated fish in tropical and subtropical regions such as the Philippines, generating substantial waste during processing, including bones that are a valuable source of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the extraction of ECM from fish bones requires an essential step of demineralization. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of tilapia bone demineralization using 0.5 N HCl at different time durations. By evaluating the residual calcium concentration, reaction kinetics, protein content, and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity through histological analysis, composition assessment, and thermal analysis, the effectiveness of the process was determined. Results revealed that after 1 h of demineralization, the calcium and protein contents were 1.10 ± 0.12% and 88.7 ± 0.58 μg/mL, respectively. The study found that after 6 h, the calcium content was almost completely removed, but the protein content was only 51.7 ± 1.52 μg/mL compared to 109.0 ± 1.0 μg/mL in native bone tissue. Additionally, the demineralization reaction followed second-order kinetics with an R2 value of 0.9964. Histological analysis using H&E staining revealed a gradual disappearance of the basophilic components and the emergence of lacunae, which can be attributed to decellularization and mineral content removal, respectively. As a result, organic components such as collagen remained in the bone samples. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that all demineralized bone samples retained collagen type I markers, including amide I, II, and III, amides A and B, and symmetric and antisymmetric CH2 bands. These findings provide a route for developing an effective demineralization protocol to extract high-quality ECM from fish bones, which could have important nutraceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Nisperos
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Hernando Bacosa
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gladine Lumancas
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Fernan Arellano
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Jemwel Aron
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Lean Baclayon
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Zesreal Cain Bantilan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Marionilo Labares
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Ronald Bual
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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Bone Apatite Nanocrystal: Crystalline Structure, Chemical Composition, and Architecture. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010090. [PMID: 36975320 PMCID: PMC10046636 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological and mechanical functions of bone rely critically on the inorganic constituent, which can be termed as bone apatite nanocrystal. It features a hydroxylapatite-like crystalline structure, complex chemical compositions (e.g., carbonate-containing and calcium- and hydroxyl-deficient), and fine geometries and properties. The long research with vast literature across broad spectra of disciplines and fields from chemistry, crystallography, and mineralogy, to biology, medical sciences, materials sciences, mechanics, and engineering has produced a wealth of knowledge on the bone apatite nanocrystal. This has generated significant impacts on bioengineering and industrial engineering, e.g., in developing new biomaterials with superior osteo-inductivities and in inspiring novel strong and tough composites, respectively. Meanwhile, confusing and inconsistent understandings on the bone mineral constituent should be addressed to facilitate further multidisciplinary progress. In this review, we present a mineralogical account of the bone-related ideal apatite mineral and then a brief historical overview of bone mineral research. These pave the road to understanding the bone apatite nanocrystal via a material approach encompassing crystalline structure, diverse chemical formulae, and interesting architecture and properties, from which several intriguing research questions emerge for further explorations. Through providing the classical and latest findings with decent clearness and adequate breadth, this review endeavors to promote research advances in a variety of related science and engineering fields.
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Reidsma FH. Laboratory-based experimental research into the effect of diagenesis on heated bone: implications and improved tools for the characterisation of ancient fire. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17544. [PMID: 36323729 PMCID: PMC9630262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fire is considered to be one of the most important cultural innovations in human evolution. Understanding the taphonomy of fire remains is an important prerequisite for valid interpretations of hominin fire-related behaviour. Presented here are the results of a series of laboratory-based experiments testing the effect of different pH conditions (acidic, neutral, alkaline) on the physical and chemical properties of heated bone (charred and combusted). By taking a fundamental-research approach the study gives insight into the specific effect of pH exposure and its underlying chemical processes, and provides data that can be applied to heated bone from any context and time period. Results show that diagenesis has a significant impact on the preservation potential of heated bones, as well as on the reliability of the analytical techniques used to reconstruct past heating conditions. The study provides reference data and a toolkit for the analysis of heated bone, that explicitly takes diagenesis into account, and in doing so offers a significant improvement to the accuracy with which we can reconstruct heating conditions and fire-related human behaviour in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke H. Reidsma
- grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234GeoLab, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Végh EI, Márquez-Grant N, Schulting RJ. Physicochemical Changes in Bone Bioapatite During the Late Postmortem Interval Pre- and Post-Burning. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1080-1099. [PMID: 35188426 PMCID: PMC9490440 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221085600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem chemical transformation of bone bioapatite can take place during early diagenesis, resulting in a more thermodynamically stable mineral phase. This paper examines the impact of a one year postmortem interval on unburnt and burnt bone's structural and chemical alterations. This question is of importance for the reconstruction of funerary practices involving cremation in the archaeological record, as well as forensic anthropological investigations. Fleshed pig (Sus scrofa) tibiae were left exposed in a field, then collected at 14, 34, 91, 180, and 365 day intervals prior to being burnt in an outdoor fire (≤750 °C bone temperature). Fresh (fleshed) tibiae acted as unburnt and burnt controls. Also included in the study were two cremated human bone fragments from Middle-Late Neolithic (ca. 3300-2500 BCE) Ireland. Samples were analyzed for major and trace elements using an electron microprobe wavelength dispersive analyzer and molecular structures using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Linear regression, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis. Results indicate that the concentrations of elements associated with extracellular fluid (K, Na, and Cl) change with the postmortem interval (PMI) and survive burning. K values under 0.07 ± 0.01 wt% in the inner and mid-cortical zones of burnt bones suggest that bones were not burnt immediately after death. Using this criterion, results from the archaeological samples would indicate a PMI of at least weeks to months prior to cremation. Ca, P, Fe, Al, Si, and Sr are not significantly altered with burning, and Fe, Al, Si, and Sr are also unaffected by the PMI. In unburnt bones increased crystallinity and carbonate loss are detectable in <1 year, but both are obscured by burning. Structurally, the carbonate to phosphate ratio (C/P), the phosphate high temperature, and cyanamide to phosphate (CN/P) are the most useful ratios for discriminating between unburnt and burnt bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese I. Végh
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nicholas Márquez-Grant
- Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, UK
| | - Rick J. Schulting
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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Surowiec RK, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target? Bone Rep 2022; 16:101161. [PMID: 35005101 PMCID: PMC8718737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water constitutes roughly a quarter of the cortical bone by volume yet can greatly influence mechanical properties and tissue quality. There is a growing appreciation for how water can dynamically change due to age, disease, and treatment. A key emerging area related to bone mechanical and tissue properties lies in differentiating the role of water in its four different compartments, including free/pore water, water loosely bound at the collagen/mineral interfaces, water tightly bound within collagen triple helices, and structural water within the mineral. This review summarizes our current knowledge of bone water across the four functional compartments and discusses how alterations in each compartment relate to mechanical changes. It provides an overview on the advent of- and improvements to- imaging and spectroscopic techniques able to probe nano-and molecular scales of bone water. These technical advances have led to an emerging understanding of how bone water changes in various conditions, of which aging, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and osteogenesis imperfecta are reviewed. Finally, it summarizes work focused on therapeutically targeting water to improve mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Surowiec
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Shao C, Zhang Z, Jin W, Zhang Z, Jin B, Jiang S, Pan H, Tang R, De Yoreo JJ, Liu XY. Oriented Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite in Self-Assembled Peptide Fibrils as a Bonelike Material. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 9:1808-1814. [PMID: 34855358 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling oriented crystallization is key to producing bonelike composite materials with a well-organized structure. However, producing this type of composite material using synthetic biopolymers as scaffolds is challenging. Inspired by the molecular structure of collagen-I, a collagenlike peptide─(Pro-Hyp-Gly)10 (POG10)─was designed to produce self-assembled fibrils that resemble the structure of collagen-I fibrils. In addition, the oriented mineralization of HAP crystals is formed in the fibrils that reproduces a bonelike material similar to collagen-I fibril mineralization. Unlike collagen-I fibrils, POG10 fibrils do not contain gap spaces. The molecular simulation results indicate that in addition to space confinement, the molecular field generated by POG10 can also confine the orientation of HAP, enriching our understanding of physical confinement and shedding light on the design of synthetic biopolymer scaffolds for bonelike material fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Shao
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuqin Jiang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Zhang D, Zhu X, Li J, Zheng Z, Liang T, Yang H. A Method to Prepare Hollow Spherical Hydroxyapatite Granules for Drug Delivery. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - XinWei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - JinYuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - ZhaoLi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - TongXiang Liang
- College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
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Forien JB, Uzuhashi J, Ohkubo T, Hono K, Luo L, Schwarcz HP, Deymier AC, Krywka C, Fleck C, Zaslansky P. X-ray diffraction and in situ pressurization of dentine apatite reveals nanocrystal modulus stiffening upon carbonate removal. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:91-103. [PMID: 32927090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone-like materials comprise carbonated-hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (c-Ap) embedding a fibrillar collagen matrix. The mineral particles stiffen the nanocomposite by tight attachment to the protein fibrils creating a high strength and toughness material. The nanometer dimensions of c-Ap crystals make it very challenging to measure their mechanical properties. Mineral in bony tissues such as dentine contains 2~6 wt.% carbonate with possibly different elastic properties as compared with crystalline hydroxyapatite. Here we determine strain in biogenic apatite nanocrystals by directly measuring atomic deformation in pig dentine before and after removing carbonate. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the platy 3D morphology while atom probe tomography revealed carbon inside the calcium rich domains. High-energy X-ray diffraction in combination with in situ hydrostatic pressurization quantified reversible c-Ap deformations. Crystal strains differed between annealed and ashed (decarbonated) samples, following 1 or 10 h heating at 250 °C or 550 °C respectively. Measured bulk moduli (K) and a-/c-lattice deformation ratios (η) were used to generate synthetic Ksyn and ηsyn identifying the most likely elastic constants C33 and C13 for c-Ap. These were then used to calculate the nanoparticle elastic moduli. For ashed samples, we find an average E11=107 GPa and E33 =128 GPa corresponding to ~5% and ~17% stiffening of the a-/c-axes of the nanocrystals as compared with the biogenic nanocrystals in annealed samples. Ashed samples exhibit ~10% lower Poisson's ratios as compared with the 0.25~0.36 range of carbonated apatite. Carbonate in c-Ap may therefore serve for tuning local deformability within bony tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Carbonated apatite nanoparticles, typical for bony tissues, stiffen the network of collagen fibrils. However, it is not known if the biogenic apatite mechanical (elastic) properties differ from those of geologic mineral counterparts. Indeed the tiny dimensions and variable carbonate composition may have strong effects on deformation resistance. The present study provides experimental measurements of the elastic constants which we use to estimate Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio values. Comparison between ashed and annealed dentine samples quantifies the properties of both carbonated and decarbonated apatite nanocrystals. The results reveal fundamental attributes of bony mineral and showcase the additive advantages of combining X-ray diffraction with in situ hydrostatic compression, backed by atom probe and transmission electron microscopy tomography.
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Zhou Z, Zhang L, Li J, Shi Y, Wu Z, Zheng H, Wang Z, Zhao W, Pan H, Wang Q, Jin X, Zhang X, Tang R, Fu B. Polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes as a pre-precursor induce biomimetic mineralization of collagen. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:953-967. [PMID: 33367434 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes such as polyaspartic acid (PAsp) are critical in biomimetic mineralization as stabilizers of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursors and as nucleation inhibitors similar to non-collagenous proteins (NCPs). Nevertheless, the application of polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes as a pre-precursor, such as PAsp-Ca complexes, in the mineralization of collagen is unexplored. Herein, we propose a polyelectrolyte-Ca complex pre-precursor (PCCP) process for collagen mineralization. By combining three-dimensional (3D) STORM, potential measurements, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that liquid-like electropositive PAsp-Ca complexes along with free calcium ions infiltrate electronegative collagen fibrils. The PAsp-Ca complexes are immobilized within the fibrils via chelation and hydrogen bonds, and outward movement of free calcium ions is prevented while phosphate and hydroxide are recruited through electrostatic attractions. Afterwards, ACP instantly forms and gradually crystallizes. The PCCP process not only unites two distinct crystallization pathways (classical (free Ca/P ions) and non-classical (polyelectrolyte-Ca complexes)), but also provides a novel strategy for rapid biomimetic mineralization of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuai Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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12
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Wysokowski M, Zaslansky P, Ehrlich H. Macrobiomineralogy: Insights and Enigmas in Giant Whale Bones and Perspectives for Bioinspired Materials Science. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5357-5367. [PMID: 33320547 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The giant bones of whales (Cetacea) are the largest extant biomineral-based constructs known. The fact that such mammalian bones can grow up to 7 m long raises questions about differences and similarities to other smaller bones. Size and exposure to environmental stress are good reasons to suppose that an unexplored level of hierarchical organization may be present that is not needed in smaller bones. The existence of such a macroscopic naturally grown structure with poorly described mechanisms for biomineralization is an example of the many yet unexplored phenomena in living organisms. In this article, we describe key observations in macrobiomineralization and suggest that the large scale of biomineralization taking place in selected whale bones implies they may teach us fundamental principles of the chemistry, biology, and biomaterials science governing bone formation, from atomistic to the macrolevel. They are also associated with a very lipid rich environment on those bones. This has implications for bone development and damage sensing that has not yet been fully addressed. We propose that whale bone construction poses extreme requirements for inorganic material storage, mediated by biomacromolecules. Unlike extinct large mammals, cetaceans still live deep in large terrestrial water bodies following eons of adaptation. The nanocomposites from which the bones are made, comprising biomacromolecules and apatite nanocrystals, must therefore be well adapted to create the macroporous hierarchically structured architectures of the bones, with mechanical properties that match the loads imposed in vivo. This massive skeleton directly contributes to the survival of these largest mammals in the aquatic environments of Earth, with structural refinements being the result of 60 million years of evolution. We also believe that the concepts presented in this article highlight the beneficial uses of multidisciplinary and multiscale approaches to study the structural peculiarities of both organic and inorganic phases as well as mechanisms of biomineralization in highly specialized and evolutionarily conserved hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60965, Poland.,Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Strasse 3, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Strasse 3, Freiberg 09599, Germany
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13
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Díaz-Martín RD, Ambrosio JR, Flores RM, Gonzáles-Pozos S, Valencia-Caballero L. Cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins resist the burning of bones. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 305:110027. [PMID: 31704515 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due the proteins from bone remains are highly resistant to pass of time and environmental conditions, they could tell us about the events that probably happened in the past. In the forensic and physical anthropology context, burnt bone remains are one of the most common pieces of recovered evidence and, generally, they are associated with funerary practices, criminal scenes or massive catastrophic events. In the present study, bone pieces of pigs were calcined at different calcination temperatures, and proteins were searched using biochemical, immunochemical and ultrastructure visualization under these experimentally conditions. For this purpose, it was successfully developed a non-demineralizing protein extraction method from burnt bone remains and the use of specific antibodies permitted the identification of different extracellular matrix and intracellular proteins. While collagen proteins type I and IV were identified and detected under middle and high calcination temperatures (300°C and 600°C); cytoskeletal proteins as actin, tubulin and, the microtubule associated protein Tau, were found under calcination process, even up high calcination temperatures. Under ultrastructural analysis, fibrous materials with a classical disposition of collagens were observed even at high calcination temperatures of the burnt bone remains. The protein identification and characterization in burnt bones as performed in present studies, is clearly demonstrating that using specific strategies for protein characterizations it is possible to found protein biomarkers in burnt bone remains and this strategy could be useful for forensic and anthropological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Darío Díaz-Martín
- Departamento de Innovación en Material Biológico Humano (DIMBIH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier R Ambrosio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Mondragón Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México
| | | | - Lorena Valencia-Caballero
- Departamento de Innovación en Material Biológico Humano (DIMBIH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México.
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14
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Study of Two Bovine Bone Blocks (Sintered and Non-Sintered) Used for Bone Grafts: Physico-Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Bioactivity and Cellular Analysis. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030452. [PMID: 30717171 PMCID: PMC6384848 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity and cellular viability of two commercially available bovine bone blocks (allografts materials) with different fabrication processes (sintered and not) used for bone reconstruction were evaluated in order to study the effect of the microstructure in the in vitro behavior. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, mechanical resistance of blocks, mercury porosimetry analysis, in vitro bioactivity, and cell viability and proliferation were performed to compare the characteristics of both allograft materials against a synthetic calcium phosphate block used as a negative control. The herein presented results revealed a very dense structure of the low-porosity bovine bone blocks, which conferred the materials’ high resistance. Moreover, relatively low gas, fluid intrusion, and cell adhesion were observed in both the tested materials. The structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of both ceramic blocks (sintered and not) were similar. Finally, the bioactivity, biodegradability, and also the viability and proliferation of the cells was directly related to the physicochemical properties of the scaffolds.
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15
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Bone Tissue: Bone Quality Assessment in Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Osteoporosis and Fragility Fracture. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-018-9255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Resmim CM, Dalpasquale M, Vielmo NIC, Mariani FQ, Villalba JC, Anaissi FJ, Caetano MM, Tusi MM. Study of physico-chemical properties and in vitro antimicrobial activity of hydroxyapatites obtained from bone calcination. Prog Biomater 2019; 8:1-9. [PMID: 30599070 PMCID: PMC6425081 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite was obtained by bone calcinations. To study the calcination process, bovine and porcine bones were first autoclaved to remove fat and other non-bone tissues. They were then heated in an alumina pan in an oxidizing atmosphere of air, where simultaneous thermal analysis curves were recorded. To prepare the hydroxyapatites, bone samples were calcined at 850 °C and 1000 °C using a muffle furnace for 1 h. The obtained materials were powdered using mortar and pestle, and sifted in a sieve (60 mesh) without any additional purification or chemical treatment. The materials obtained were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of these materials were determined through direct contact tests against Staphylococcus aureus. The natural hydroxyapatites obtained by bone calcination inhibited S. aureus growth, with the material obtained by calcination of bovine bones at 1000 °C, showing the best antimicrobial activity. These results indicated that bone wastes can be used to obtain hydroxyapatites with antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio M Resmim
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-URI, Av. Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, Santiago, RS, 97700-000, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dalpasquale
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO, R. Simeão Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Nilce I C Vielmo
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-URI, Av. Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, Santiago, RS, 97700-000, Brazil
| | - Filipe Q Mariani
- Faculdade Campo Real, R. Comendador Norberto, 1299, Santa Cruz, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Juan C Villalba
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO, R. Simeão Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Fauze J Anaissi
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO, R. Simeão Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Mirian M Caetano
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-URI, Av. Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, Santiago, RS, 97700-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Tusi
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-URI, Av. Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, 733, São Vicente, Santiago, RS, 97700-000, Brazil.
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17
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Kaflak A, Moskalewski S, Kolodziejski W. The solid-state proton NMR study of bone using a dipolar filter: apatite hydroxyl contentversusanimal age. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16909-16918. [PMID: 35516370 PMCID: PMC9064436 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxyl content of bone apatite mineral has been measured using proton solid-state NMR performed with a multiple-pulse dipolar filter under slow magic angle spinning (MAS). This new method succeeded in resolving and relatively enhancing the main hydroxyl peak at ca. 0 ppm from whole bone, making it amenable to rigorous quantitative analysis. The proposed methodology, involving line fitting, the measurement of the apatite concentration in the studied material and adequate calibration, was proved to be convenient and suitable for monitoring bone mineral hydroxylation in different species and over the lifetime of the animal. It was found that the hydroxyl content in the cranial bone mineral of pig and rats remained in the 5–10% range, with reference to stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. In rats, the hydroxyl content showed a non-monotonic increase with age, which was governed by biological processes rather than by chemical, thermodynamically driven apatite maturation. Mineral hydroxylation in whole bone can be accurately studied using proton MAS NMR with a multiple-pulse dipolar filter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaflak
- Medical University of Warsaw
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials
- Warsaw 02-097
- Poland
| | - Stanisław Moskalewski
- Medical University of Warsaw
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Warsaw 02-004
- Poland
| | - Waclaw Kolodziejski
- Medical University of Warsaw
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials
- Warsaw 02-097
- Poland
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18
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Gao M, Bao B, Cao Y, Shan M, Cheng F, Jiang M, Chen P, Zhang L. Chemical Property Changes and Thermal Analysis during the Carbonizing Process of the Pollen Grains of Typha. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010128. [PMID: 30602681 PMCID: PMC6337546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonized pollen grains of Typha (CPT) were widely used in clinical for antithrombosis, wound and bleeding in China. In order to ensure the role of drugs, it is very important to control the quality of drugs. However, there is a lack of monitoring methods in the process of charcoal preparation. To characterize the process of CPT, we used thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), color measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and HPLC. In this study, 7 min was the optimal processing time and the heating process condition should be controlled under 272.35 ± 7.23 °C. This comprehensive strategy to depict the whole carbonizing process would provide new ideas for researches on quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and processing theory of charcoal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Gao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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19
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He JP, Feng X, Wang JF, Shi WG, Li H, Danilchenko S, Kalinkevich A, Zhovner M. Icariin prevents bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and stabilizing bone biological apatite in a hindlimb suspension rodent model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1760-1767. [PMID: 29891857 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss induced by microgravity is a substantial barrier to humans in long-term spaceflight. Recent studies have revealed that icariin (ICA) can attenuate osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rats. However, whether ICA can protect against microgravity-induced bone loss remains unknown. In this study, the effects of ICA on a hindlimb suspension rodent model were investigated. Two-month-old female Wistar rats were hindlimb suspended and treated with ICA (25 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) or a vehicle for 4 weeks (n = 6). The bone mass density of the hindlimbs was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. mRNA expression of osteogenic genes in the tibia and the content of bone metabolism markers in serum were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The bone mineral phase was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and atomic spectrometry. The results showed that ICA treatment significantly rescued the hindlimb suspension-induced reduction in bone mineral density, trabecular number and thickness, as well as the increases in trabecular separation and the structure model index. In addition, ICA treatment recovered the decreased bone-related gene expression, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone glaprotein (BGP), and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand ratio (OPG/RANKL), in the tibia and the decreased bone resorption marker TRACP-5b levels in serum caused by simulated microgravity. Notably, ICA treatment restored the instability of bone biological apatite and the metabolic disorder of bone mineral elicited by simulated microgravity. These results demonstrate that ICA treatment plays osteoprotective roles in bone loss induced by simulated microgravity by inhibiting bone resorption and stabilizing bone biological apatite.
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20
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Marques MPM, Mamede AP, Vassalo AR, Makhoul C, Cunha E, Gonçalves D, Parker SF, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Heat-induced Bone Diagenesis Probed by Vibrational Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15935. [PMID: 30374054 PMCID: PMC6206023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary vibrational spectroscopic techniques - infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) - were applied to the study of human bone burned under controlled conditions (400 to 1000 °C). This is an innovative way of tackling bone diagenesis upon burning, aiming at a quantitative evaluation of heat-induced dimensional changes allowing a reliable estimation of pre-burning skeletal dimensions. INS results allowed the concomitant observation of the hydroxyl libration (OHlibration), hydroxyl stretching (ν(OH)) and (OHlibration + ν(OH)) combination modes, leading to an unambiguous assignment of these INS features to bioapatite and confirming hydroxylation of bone's inorganic matrix. The OHlib, ν(OH) and ν4(PO43-) bands were identified as spectral biomarkers, which displayed clear quantitative relationships with temperature revealing heat-induced changes in bone's H-bonding pattern during the burning process. These results will enable the routine use of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) for the analysis of burned skeletal remains, which will be of the utmost significance in forensic, bioanthropological and archaeological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P M Marques
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A P Mamede
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A R Vassalo
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory. Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Makhoul
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory. Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Cunha
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory. Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Gonçalves
- Laboratory. Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Archaeosciences Laboratory., Directorate General Cultural Heritage (LARC/CIBIO/InBIO), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX, 11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - L A E Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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21
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Danilchenko SN, Kalinkevich AN, Moskalenko RA, Kuznetsov VN, Kochenko AV, Husak EV, Starikov VV, Liu F, Meng J, Lü J. Structural and crystal-chemical characteristics of the apatite deposits from human aortic walls. Interv Med Appl Sci 2018; 10:110-119. [PMID: 30363347 PMCID: PMC6167619 DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal behavior of biological apatite is the object of several studies. Crystal size, carbonate content, phase composition, and other parameters change during annealing up to 900 °C in biological minerals with apatite structure. The way these parameters change reflects the specific properties of the initial bioapatite. This work presents data on thermal transformations of pathological bioapatite from the human cardiovascular system, namely aortic wall deposits. Some minor elements, foreign to calcium hydroxyapatite (e.g., Na and Mg), can be both incorporated in the apatite structure and localized in the surface layers of crystals, modifying functions of the mineral. A new approach was proposed to determine the predominant location of minor elements, such as Mg, Na, and K, in the mineral of pathological deposits. Mg and Na in pathological apatite can be in both structurally bound (substituting calcium in lattice) and labile (localized on the crystal surface) states, while K is not able to join the apatite structure in significant amount or be chemically bound to it. This approach, based on atomic spectrometry, can be used effectively in combination with a set of traditional techniques, such as like EDS, IRS, and XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Evgenia V Husak
- Institute for Applied Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Sumy, Ukraine.,Medical Institute of Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Vadim V Starikov
- Department of Metal Physics, National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Fuyan Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Meng
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Lü
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Plazanet M, Tasseva J, Bartolini P, Taschin A, Torre R, Combes C, Rey C, Di Michele A, Verezhak M, Gourrier A. Time-domain THz spectroscopy of the characteristics of hydroxyapatite provides a signature of heating in bone tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201745. [PMID: 30138314 PMCID: PMC6107136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of bone in the biomedical, forensic and archaeological contexts, new investigation techniques are constantly required to better characterize bone ultrastructure. In the present paper, we provide an extended investigation of the vibrational features of bone tissue in the 0.1-3 THz frequency range by time-domain THz spectroscopy. Their assignment is supported by a combination of X-ray diffraction and DFT-normal modes calculations. We investigate the effect of heating on bone tissue and synthetic calcium-phosphates compounds with close structure and composition to bone mineral, including stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate and tetracalcium phosphate. We thus demonstrate that the narrow vibrational mode at 2.1 THz in bone samples exposed to thermal treatment above 750 °C arises from a lattice mode of stoichiometric HA. This feature is also observed in the other synthetic compounds, although weaker or broader, but is completely smeared out in the non-stoichiometric HA, close to natural bone mineral composition, or in synthetic poorly crystalline HA powder. The THz spectral range therefore provides a clear signature of the crystalline state of the investigated bone tissue and could, therefore be used to monitor or identify structural transitions occurring in bone upon heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Plazanet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail: (MP); (AG)
| | - Jordanka Tasseva
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Taschin
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Renato Torre
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) and Dip. di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Christèle Combes
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Rey
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Aurelien Gourrier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (MP); (AG)
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23
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Wingender B, Ni Y, Zhang Y, Taylor C, Gower L. Hierarchical Characterization and Nanomechanical Assessment of Biomimetic Scaffolds Mimicking Lamellar Bone via Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1257. [PMID: 30037132 PMCID: PMC6073810 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical structure of bone and intrinsic material properties of its two primary constituents, carbonated apatite and fibrillar collagen, when being synergistically organized into an interpenetrating hard-soft composite, contribute to its excellent mechanical properties. Lamellar bone is the predominant structural motif in mammalian hard tissues; therefore, we believe the fabrication of a collagen/apatite composite with a hierarchical structure that emulates bone, consisting of a dense lamellar microstructure and a mineralized collagen fibril nanostructure, is an important first step toward the goal of regenerative bone tissue engineering. In this work, we exploit the liquid crystalline properties of collagen to fabricate dense matrices that assemble with cholesteric organization. The matrices were crosslinked via carbodiimide chemistry to improve mechanical properties, and are subsequently mineralized via the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process to promote intrafibrillar mineralization. Neither the crosslinking procedure nor the mineralization affected the cholesteric collagen microstructures; notably, there was a positive trend toward higher stiffness with increasing crosslink density when measured by cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation. In the dry state, the average moduli of moderately (X51; 4.8 ± 4.3 GPa) and highly (X76; 7.8 ± 6.7 GPa) crosslinked PILP-mineralized liquid crystalline collagen (LCC) scaffolds were higher than the average modulus of bovine bone (5.5 ± 5.6 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wingender
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-165, USA.
| | - Yongliang Ni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Curtis Taylor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Laurie Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Konashuk AS, Samoilenko DO, Klyushin AY, Svirskiy GI, Sakhonenkov SS, Brykalova XO, Kuz’mina MA, Filatova EO, Vinogradov AS, Pavlychev AA. Thermal changes in young and mature bone nanostructure probed with Ca 2p excitations. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aab92b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Removal of a cationic dye – Basic Red 12 – from aqueous solution by adsorption onto animal bone meal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaubas.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El Haddad M, Slimani R, Mamouni R, ElAntri S, Lazar S. Removal of two textile dyes from aqueous solutions onto calcined bones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaubas.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadine El Haddad
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique & Environnement, Faculté Poly-disciplinaire, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 4162, 46000 Safi, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Environnement & Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université Hassan II, BP 146, 20800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Rachid Slimani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Environnement & Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université Hassan II, BP 146, 20800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mamouni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Equipe de Chimie Bio-Organique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, BP 8061, 80000 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Saïd ElAntri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Environnement & Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université Hassan II, BP 146, 20800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Saïd Lazar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Environnement & Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences & Techniques, Université Hassan II, BP 146, 20800 Mohammedia, Morocco
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Gonçalves D, Vassalo AR, Mamede AP, Makhoul C, Piga G, Cunha E, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Crystal clear: Vibrational spectroscopy reveals intrabone, intraskeleton, and interskeleton variation in human bones. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:296-312. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gonçalves
- Archaeosciences LaboratoryDirectorate General for Cultural Heritage (LARC/CIBIO/InBIO), Rua da Bica do Marquês 2Lisboa1300‐087 Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra. Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - A. R. Vassalo
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra. Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - A. P. Mamede
- Unidade de I&D “Química‐Física Molecular”, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra3004‐535 Portugal
| | - C. Makhoul
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
- Unidade de I&D “Química‐Física Molecular”, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra3004‐535 Portugal
| | - G. Piga
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - E. Cunha
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra, Calçada Martim FreitasCoimbra3000‐456 Portugal
| | - M. P. M. Marques
- Unidade de I&D “Química‐Física Molecular”, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra3004‐535 Portugal
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Amorphous surface layer versus transient amorphous precursor phase in bone - A case study investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Acta Biomater 2017; 59:351-360. [PMID: 28690009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of an amorphous surface layer that coats a crystalline core has been proposed for many biominerals, including bone mineral. In parallel, transient amorphous precursor phases have been proposed in various biomineralization processes, including bone biomineralization. Here we propose a methodology to investigate the origin of these amorphous environments taking the bone tissue as a key example. This study relies on the investigation of a bone tissue sample and its comparison with synthetic calcium phosphate samples, including a stoichiometric apatite, an amorphous calcium phosphate sample, and two different biomimetic apatites. To reveal if the amorphous environments in bone originate from an amorphous surface layer or a transient amorphous precursor phase, a combined solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment has been used. The latter consists of a double cross polarization 1H→31P→1H pulse sequence followed by a 1H magnetization exchange pulse sequence. The presence of an amorphous surface layer has been investigated through the study of the biomimetic apatites; while the presence of a transient amorphous precursor phase in the form of amorphous calcium phosphate particles has been mimicked with the help of a physical mixture of stoichiometric apatite and amorphous calcium phosphate. The NMR results show that the amorphous and the crystalline environments detected in our bone tissue sample belong to the same particle. The presence of an amorphous surface layer that coats the apatitic core of bone apatite particles has been unambiguously confirmed, and it is certain that this amorphous surface layer has strong implication on bone tissue biogenesis and regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Questions still persist on the structural organization of bone and biomimetic apatites. The existing model proposes a core/shell structure, with an amorphous surface layer coating a crystalline bulk. The accuracy of this model is still debated because amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) environments could also arise from a transient amorphous precursor phase of apatite. Here, we provide an NMR spectroscopy methodology to reveal the origin of these ACP environments in bone mineral or in biomimetic apatite. The 1H magnetization exchange between protons arising from amorphous and crystalline domains shows unambiguously that an ACP layer coats the apatitic crystalline core of bone et biomimetic apatite platelets.
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Butler DH, Shahack-Gross R. Formation of Biphasic Hydroxylapatite-Beta Magnesium Tricalcium Phosphate in Heat Treated Salmonid Vertebrae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3610. [PMID: 28620190 PMCID: PMC5472584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyoarchaeological evidence is uncommon at ancient hunter-gatherer sites from various regions and timeframes. This research contributes to the development of microarchaeological techniques useful for identifying fishing economies in situations where classifiable bones are unavailable. Specifically, traces of heat altered bone mineral in domestic hearths are expected to provide markers for discarded fish remains. We used a series of laboratory incineration experiments to characterize the mineralogy of burned salmonid vertebrae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction distinguished the formation of beta magnesium tricalcium phosphate (βMgTCP) at temperatures as low as 600 °C. Bones from a sample of game mammals and birds did not form this phase at temperatures below 1,000 °C. We propose that this neoformed mineral can serve as a proxy for hunter-gatherer salmonid fishing when typical ichthyoarchaeological evidence is absent. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it will be possible to rapidly and inexpensively determine the presence of βMgTCP in fragmentary burned bone remains associated with combustion features. The occurrence of βMgTCP in archaeological hearth features will offer a new means of further evaluating the temporal, geographic, and cultural scope of salmonid harvesting. We also acknowledge the value of biphasic hydroxylapatite-βMgTCP recovered from Atlantic salmon vertebrae as a bioceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don H Butler
- Laboratory for Sedimentary Archaeology, Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Ruth Shahack-Gross
- Laboratory for Sedimentary Archaeology, Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, 199 Abba Khoushy Ave, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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Ferraro V, Gaillard-Martinie B, Sayd T, Chambon C, Anton M, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Collagen type I from bovine bone. Effect of animal age, bone anatomy and drying methodology on extraction yield, self-assembly, thermal behaviour and electrokinetic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Pavlychev AA, Avrunin AS, Vinogradov AS, Filatova EO, Doctorov AA, Krivosenko YS, Samoilenko DO, Svirskiy GI, Konashuk AS, Rostov DA. Local electronic structure and nanolevel hierarchical organization of bone tissue: theory and NEXAFS study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:504002. [PMID: 27875332 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/50/504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental investigations of native bone are carried out to understand relationships between its hierarchical organization and local electronic and atomic structure of the mineralized phase. The 3D superlattice model of a coplanar assembly of the hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystallites separated by the hydrated nanolayers is introduced to account the interplay of short-, long- and super-range order parameters in bone tissue. The model is applied to (i) predict and rationalize the HAP-to-bone spectral changes in the electronic structure and (ii) describe the mechanisms ensuring the link of the hierarchical organization with the electronic structure of the mineralized phase in bone. To check the predictions the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) at the Ca 2p, P 2p and O 1s thresholds is measured for native bone and compared with NEXAFS for reference compounds. The NEXAFS analysis has demonstrated the essential hierarchy induced HAP-to-bone red shifts of the Ca and P 2p-to-valence transitions. The lowest O 1s excitation line at 532.2 eV in bone is assigned with superposition of core transitions in the hydroxide OH-(H2O) m anions, Ca2+(H2O) n cations, the carboxyl groups inside the collagen and [PO4]2- and [PO4]- anions with unsaturated P-O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pavlychev
- Solid State Electronics Department, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian Federation
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Khalid AB, Goodyear SR, Ross RA, Aspden RM. Mechanical and material properties of cortical and trabecular bone from cannabinoid receptor-1-null (Cnr1−/−) mice. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:1044-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jung JY, Naleway SE, Yaraghi NA, Herrera S, Sherman VR, Bushong EA, Ellisman MH, Kisailus D, McKittrick J. Structural analysis of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in a woodpecker. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:1-13. [PMID: 27000554 PMCID: PMC5063634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Woodpeckers avoid brain injury while they peck at trees up to 20Hz with speeds up to 7m/s, undergoing decelerations up to 1200g. Along with the head, beak and neck, the hyoid apparatus (tongue bone and associated soft tissues) is subjected to these high impact forces. The shape of the hyoid apparatus is unusual in woodpeckers and its structure and mechanical properties have not been reported in detail. High-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed and correlated with nanoindentation mapping. The hyoid apparatus has four distinct bone sections, with three joints between these sections. Nanoindentation results on cross-sectional regions of each bone reveal a previously unreported structure consisting of a stiff core and outer, more compliant shell with moduli of up to 27.4GPa and 8.5GPa, respectively. The bending resistance is low at the posterior section of the hyoid bones, indicating that this region has a high degree of flexibility to absorb impact. These new structural findings can be applied to further studies on the energy dissipation of the woodpecker during its drumming behavior, and may have implications for the design of engineered impact-absorbing structures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Woodpeckers avoid brain injury while they peck at trees, which results in extreme impact conditions. One common adaptation in woodpeckers is the unusual shape of the elongated tongue, also called the hyoid apparatus. The relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of the bony part of the hyoid apparatus has not been previously reported. A three dimensional model of the bony tongue was developed, and the hardness and stiffness were evaluated. A new type of bone structure, which is opposite of typical skeletal bone structure was found. The combined microstructural and mechanical property analysis indicate possible energy absorption routes for the hyoid apparatus and are applicable to the design of engineered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Jung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Steven E Naleway
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas A Yaraghi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Steven Herrera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vincent R Sherman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Naleway SE, Taylor JR, Porter MM, Meyers MA, McKittrick J. Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:1143-1167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sika Deer Antler Collagen Type I-Accelerated Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Smad Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2109204. [PMID: 27066099 PMCID: PMC4809101 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deer antler preparations have been used to strengthen bones for centuries. It is particularly rich in collagen type I. This study aimed to unravel part of the purported bioremedial effect of Sika deer antler collagen type I (SDA-Col I) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results suggest that SDA-Col I might be used to promote and regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. SDA-Col I might potentially provide the basis for novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of bone injury and/or in scaffolds for bone replacement strategies. Finally, isolation of SDA-Col I from deer antler represents a renewable, green, and uncomplicated way to obtain a biomedically valuable therapeutic.
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Human fossil bones: Archaeometric classification using chemometrics and thermogravimetry. Influence of skeleton fossilization and its anatomical parts. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Benetti C, Ana PA, Bachmann L, Zezell DM. Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Effects of Erbium, Chromium:Yattrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) Laser Irradiation on Bone Mineral and Organic Components. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1496-1504. [PMID: 26555304 DOI: 10.1366/14-07726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of varying the energy density of a high-intensity erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser on the mineral and organic components of bone tissue were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bone samples obtained from the tibias of rabbits were irradiated with five energy densities (3, 6, 8, 12, and 15 J/cm(2)), and the effects on the carbonate to phosphate ratio and in the organic components were compared with those of nonirradiated samples. The increased temperature during the laser irradiation was also measured using infrared thermography to relate the observed spectral changes to the laser thermal effects. The analyses of the infrared spectra suggests that the irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG promoted changes in bone tissue in both the mineral and organic components that depend on the laser energy density, pointing to the importance of using the proper energy density in clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Benetti
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Centro de Lasers e Aplicacões, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Granke M, Does MD, Nyman JS. The Role of Water Compartments in the Material Properties of Cortical Bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:292-307. [PMID: 25783011 PMCID: PMC4526331 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Comprising ~20% of the volume, water is a key determinant of the mechanical behavior of cortical bone. It essentially exists in two general compartments: within pores and bound to the matrix. The amount of pore water-residing in the vascular-lacunar-canalicular space-primarily reflects intracortical porosity (i.e., open spaces within the matrix largely due to Haversian canals and resorption sites) and as such is inversely proportional to most mechanical properties of bone. Movement of water according to pressure gradients generated during dynamic loading likely confers hydraulic stiffening to the bone as well. Nonetheless, bound water is a primary contributor to the mechanical behavior of bone in that it is responsible for giving collagen the ability to confer ductility or plasticity to bone (i.e., allows deformation to continue once permanent damage begins to form in the matrix) and decreases with age along with fracture resistance. Thus, dehydration by air-drying or by solvents with less hydrogen bonding capacity causes bone to become brittle, but interestingly, it also increases stiffness and strength across the hierarchical levels of organization. Despite the importance of matrix hydration to fracture resistance, little is known about why bound water decreases with age in hydrated human bone. Using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), both bound and pore water concentrations in bone can be measured ex vivo because the proton relaxation times differ between the two water compartments, giving rise to two distinct signals. There are also emerging techniques to measure bound and pore water in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The NMR/MRI-derived bound water concentration is positively correlated with both the strength and toughness of hydrated bone and may become a useful clinical marker of fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Granke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mark D. Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
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The armored carapace of the boxfish. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:1-10. [PMID: 26026303 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The boxfish (Lactoria cornuta) has a carapace consisting of dermal scutes with a highly mineralized surface plate and a compliant collagen base. This carapace must provide effective protection against predators as it comes at the high cost of reduced mobility and speed. The mineralized hydroxyapatite plates, predominantly hexagonal in shape, are reinforced with raised struts that extend from the center toward the edges of each scute. Below the mineralized plates are non-mineralized collagen fibers arranged in through-the-thickness layers of ladder-like formations. At the interfaces between scutes, the mineralized plates form suture-like teeth structures below which the collagen fibers bridge the gap between neighboring scutes. These sutures are unlike most others as they have no bridging Sharpey's fibers and appear to add little mechanical strength to the overall carapace. It is proposed that the sutured interface either allows for accommodation of the changing pressures of the boxfish's ocean habitat or growth, which occurs without molting or shedding. In both tension and punch testing the mineralized sutures remain relatively intact while most failures occur within the collagen fibers, allowing for the individual scutes to maintain their integrity. This complex structure allows for elevated strength of the carapace through an increase in the stressed area when attacked by predators in both penetrating and crushing modes.
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Meng S, Zhang X, Xu M, Heng BC, Dai X, Mo X, Wei J, Wei Y, Deng X. Effects of deer age on the physicochemical properties of deproteinized antler cancellous bone: an approach to optimize osteoconductivity of bone graft. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:035006. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sekar S, Mandal A, Manikandan R, Sankar S, Sastry TP. Synthesis and Characterization of Synthetic and Natural Nano Hydroxyapatite Composites Containing Poloxamer Coated Demineralized Bone Matrix as Bone Graft Material: A Comparative Study. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.977901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Unal M, Yang S, Akkus O. Molecular spectroscopic identification of the water compartments in bone. Bone 2014; 67:228-36. [PMID: 25065717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix bound water is a correlate of bone's fracture resistance and assessment of bound water is emerging as a novel measure of bone's mechanical integrity. Raman spectroscopy is one of the few nondestructive modalities to assess the hydration status in bone; however, it has not been used to study the OH-band in bone. A sequential dehydration protocol was developed to replace unbound (heat drying) and bound (ethanol or deuterium) water in bone. Raman spectra were collected serially to track the OH-band during dehydration. Spectra of synthetic hydroxyapatite, demineralized bone and bulk water were collected to identify mineral and collagen contributions to the OH-band. Band assignments were supported by computational simulations of the molecular vibrations of Gly-Pro-Hyp amino acid sequence. Experimentally and theoretically obtained spectra were interpreted for band-assignments. Water loss was measured gravimetrically and correlated to Raman intensities. Four peaks were identified to be sensitive to dehydration: 3220cm(-1) (water), 3325cm(-1) (NH and water), 3453cm(-1) (hydroxyproline and water), and 3584cm(-1) (mineral and water). These peaks were differentially sensitive to deuterium treatment such that some water peaks were replaced with deuterium oxide faster than the rest. Specifically, the peaks at 3325 and 3584cm(-1) were more tightly bound to the matrix than the remaining bands. Comparison of dehydration in mineralized and demineralized bone revealed a volume of water that may be locked in the matrix by mineral crystals. The OH-range of bone was dominated by collagen and the water since the spectral profile of dehydrated demineralized bone was similar to that of the mineralized bone. Furthermore, water associates to bone mainly by collagen as findings of experimentally and theoretically spectra. The current work is among the first thorough analysis of the Raman OH stretch band in bone and such spectral information may be used to understand the involvement of water in the fragility of aging and in diseased bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Kubota T, Nakamura A, Toyoura K, Matsunaga K. The effect of chemical potential on the thermodynamic stability of carbonate ions in hydroxyapatite. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3716-22. [PMID: 24821142 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
First-principles calculations were performed for CO3(2-) ions in hydroxyapatite in order to investigate the atomic structures and thermodynamic stability of CO3(2-) and its related defects. Two different chemical equilibrium conditions in high-temperature and aqueous-solution environments were considered, and atomic and ionic chemical potentials for the individual chemical equilibrium conditions were evaluated to calculate defect formation energies. It was found that A-type CO3(2-) (substituting OH(-)) is energetically more favorable than B-type CO3(2-) (substituting PO4(3-)) in the high-temperature environment, whereas B-type is preferred to A-type in the aqueous solution environment. This result successfully reproduces experimentally observed trends. In the formation of A-type and B-type CO3(2-), OH(-) vacancies or protons (interstitial or substitutional) act as charge-compensating defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kubota
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsutomo Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Toyoura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Aichi, Japan; Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1, Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Aichi, Japan.
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Kim SL, Thewissen JGM, Churchill MM, Suydam RS, Ketten DR, Clementz MT. Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:576-84. [PMID: 24940922 DOI: 10.1086/676309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Cetaceans are obligate aquatic mammals derived from terrestrial artiodactyls. The defining characteristic of cetaceans is a thick and dense lip (pachyosteosclerotic involucrum) of an ear bone (the tympanic). This unique feature is absent in modern terrestrial artiodactyls and is suggested to be important in underwater hearing. Here, we investigate the mineralogical and biochemical properties of the involucrum, as these may hold clues to the aquatic adaptations of cetaceans. We compared bioapatites (enamel, dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone) of cetaceans with those of terrestrial artiodactyls and pachyosteosclerotic ribs of manatees (Sirenia). We investigated organic, carbonate, and mineral composition as well as crystal size and crystallinity index. In all studied variables, bioapatites of the cetacean involucrum were intermediate in composition and structure between those of tooth enamel on the one hand and those of dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone on the other. We also studied the amino acid composition of the cetacean involucrum relative to that of other skeletal bone. The central involucrum had low glycine and hydroxyproline concentrations but high concentrations of nonessential amino acids, unlike most bone samples but similar to the tympanic of hippos and the (pachyosteosclerotic) ribs of manatees. These amino acid results are evidence of rapid bone development. We hypothesize that the mineralogical and amino acid composition of cetacean bullae differs from that of other bone because of (1) functional modifications for underwater sound reception and (2) structural adaptations related to rapid ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora L Kim
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue 3006, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272; 3Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue 3622, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; 4Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, Alaska 99753; 5Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543; and Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Li Z, Pasteris JD. Tracing the pathway of compositional changes in bone mineral with age: preliminary study of bioapatite aging in hypermineralized dolphin's bulla. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2331-9. [PMID: 24650888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of mineral compositional effects during bone aging are complicated by the presence of collagen. METHODS Hypermineralized bullae of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins of <3months, 2.5years, and 20years underwent micrometer-scale point analysis by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe in addition to bulk analysis for carbon. RESULTS Bulla central areas have a mineral content of ~96wt.% and 9-10wt.% carbonate in their bioapatite, which is ~2wt.% more than edge areas. Ca/P atomic ratios (~1.8) and concentrations of Mg, S, and other minor/trace elements are almost constant in central areas over time. Maturity brings greater over-all homogeneity in mineral content, stoichiometry, and morphology throughout the central and edge areas of the bullae. During aging, edge areas become less porous, whereas the concentration of organics in the edge is reduced. Enhancement of coupled substitutions of CO3(2-) for PO4(3-) and Na for Ca during aging increases carbonate content up to ~10wt.% in the adult bulla. CONCLUSIONS 1) Changes in physical properties during aging did not occur simultaneously with changes in chemical properties of the bone mineral. 2) Compositional changes in bone mineral were minor during the neonatal to sub-adult stage, but significant during later maturity. 3) Na and CO3 concentrations co-vary in a 1:1 molar proportion during aging. 4) The mineral's crystallinity did not decrease as CO3 concentration increased during aging. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Hypermineralized dolphin's bulla, due to extreme depletion in collagen, is an ideal material for investigating mineralogical changes in bioapatite during bone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jill D Pasteris
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Rajendran J, Gialanella S, Aswath PB. XANES analysis of dried and calcined bones. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3968-79. [PMID: 23910303 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The structure of dried and calcined bones from chicken, bovine, deer, pig, sheep and chamois was examined using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The oxygen K-edge absorption edge indicates that the surface of dried bone has a larger proportion of carbonate than the interior that is made up of phosphates. The phosphorus L and K edge clearly indicate that pyrophosphates, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and hydrogen phosphates of Ca do not exist in either the dried bone or calcined bone and phosphorus exists as either β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or hydroxyapatite, both in the dried and calcined conditions. The Ca K-edge analysis indicates that β-TCP is the likely form of phosphate in both the dried and calcined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapradhi Rajendran
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, USA
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Tomassetti M, Marini F, Campanella L, Coppa A. Study of modern or ancient collagen and human fossil bones from an archaeological site of middle Nile by thermal analysis and chemometrics. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gu C, Katti DR, Katti KS. Photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopic study of undisturbed human cortical bone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 103:25-37. [PMID: 23257327 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pretreatment has been the prevailing sample preparation procedure for infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies on bone. However, experiments have indicated that chemical pretreatment can potentially affect the interactions between the components. Typically the IR techniques have involved transmission experiments. Here we report experimental studies using photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (PA-FTIR). As a nondestructive technique, PA-FTIR can detect absorbance spectrum from a sample at controllable sampling depth and with little or no sample preparation. Additionally, the coupling inert gas, helium, which is utilized in the PA-FTIR system, can inhibit bacteria growth of bone by displacing oxygen. Therefore, we used this technique to study the undisturbed human cortical bone. It is found that photoacoustic mode (linear-scan, LS-PA-FTIR) can obtain basically similar spectra of bone as compared to the traditional transmission mode, but it seems more sensitive to amide III and ν(2) carbonate bands. The ν(3) phosphate band is indicative of detailed mineral structure and symmetry of native bone. The PA-FTIR depth profiling experiments on human cortical bone also indicate the influence of water on OH band and the cutting effects on amide I and mineral bands. Our results indicate that phosphate ion geometry appears less symmetric in its undisturbed state as detected by the PA-FTIR as compared to higher symmetry observed using transmission techniques on disturbed samples. Moreover, the PA-FTIR spectra indicate a band at 1747 cm(-1) possibly resulting from CO stretching of lipids, cholesterol esters, and triglycerides from the arteries. Comparison of the spectra in transverse and longitudinal cross-sections demonstrates that, the surface area of the longitudinal section bone appears to have more organic matrix exposed and with higher mineral stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Gu
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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El Haddad M, Slimani R, Mamouni R, Laamari MR, Rafqah S, Lazar S. Evaluation of potential capability of calcined bones on the biosorption removal efficiency of safranin as cationic dye from aqueous solutions. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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