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Xu S, Xia T, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Wang N, Xin H. Protective effects of bitter acids from Humulus lupulus L. against senile osteoporosis via activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway in D-galactose induced aging mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abdelgawad ME, Delaisse JM, Hinge M, Jensen PR, Alnaimi RW, Rolighed L, Engelholm LH, Marcussen N, Andersen TL. Early reversal cells in adult human bone remodeling: osteoblastic nature, catabolic functions and interactions with osteoclasts. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:603-15. [PMID: 26860863 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism coupling bone resorption and formation is a burning question that remains incompletely answered through the current investigations on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. An attractive hypothesis is that the reversal cells are likely mediators of this coupling. Their nature is a big matter of debate. The present study performed on human cancellous bone is the first one combining in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate their osteoblastic nature. It shows that the Runx2 and CD56 immunoreactive reversal cells appear to take up TRAcP released by neighboring osteoclasts. Earlier preclinical studies indicate that reversal cells degrade the organic matrix left behind by the osteoclasts and that this degradation is crucial for the initiation of the subsequent bone formation. To our knowledge, this study is the first addressing these catabolic activities in adult human bone through electron microscopy and analysis of molecular markers. Periosteoclastic reversal cells show direct contacts with the osteoclasts and with the demineralized resorption debris. These early reversal cells show (1) ¾-collagen fragments typically generated by extracellular collagenases of the MMP family, (2) MMP-13 (collagenase-3) and (3) the endocytic collagen receptor uPARAP/Endo180. The prevalence of these markers was lower in the later reversal cells, which are located near the osteoid surfaces and morphologically resemble mature bone-forming osteoblasts. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that reversal cells colonizing bone surfaces right after resorption are osteoblast-lineage cells, and extends to adult human bone remodeling their role in rendering eroded surfaces osteogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.,Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Maja Hinge
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Pia Rosgaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ragad Walid Alnaimi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Lars Rolighed
- Breast and Endocrine Section, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars H Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, IRS, University of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
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Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of the glucosaminoglycan-interacting adipokine tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5a in adipocyte progenitor lineage cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:495-507. [PMID: 24316135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis depends on growth factors controlling proliferation/differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Membrane binding and endocytosis of growth factors are often coupled to receptor activation and downstream signaling leading to specific cellular responses. The novel adipokine tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5a exhibits a growth factor-like effect on MSCs and pre-adipocytes and induces hyperplastic obesity in vivo. However its molecular interaction with pre-adipocytes remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate membrane interaction of TRAP and its endocytosis routes in pre-adipocytes. Confocal and/or electron microscopy were used to detect TRAP in untreated or TRAP 5a/b treated pre-adipocytes under conditions that allow or inhibit endocytosis in combination with co-staining of endocytotic vesicles. TRAP interaction with heparin/heparan sulfate was verified by gel filtration. It could be shown that TRAP 5a, but not 5b, binds to the membrane of pre-adipocytes where it co-localizes with heparin-sulfate proteoglycan glypican-4. Also in vitro, TRAP 5a exhibited affinity for both heparin and heparan sulfate with heparin inhibiting its enzyme activity. Upon caveolae-mediated endocytosis of saturating levels of TRAP 5a, TRAP 5a co-localized intracellularly with glypican-4 and late endosomal marker Rab-7 positive vesicles. The protein was also located in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) but did not co-localize with lysosomal marker LAMP-1. TRAP 5a endocytosis was also detectable in pre-osteoblasts, but not fibroblasts, embryonic MSCs or mature adipocytes. These results indicate that TRAP 5a exhibits binding to cell surface, endocytosis and affinity to glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) in pre-adipocyte and pre-osteoblast lineage cells in a manner similar to other heparin-binding growth factors.
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Solberg LB, Brorson SH, Stordalen GA, Bækkevold ES, Andersson G, Reinholt FP. Increased tartrate-resistant Acid phosphatase expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes in experimental osteoporosis in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:510-21. [PMID: 24395179 PMCID: PMC4148331 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is known as an osteoclast marker, but osteoblasts and osteocytes in the vicinity of bone remodeling sites also express TRAP. Cell culture studies suggest that osteoblasts endocytose osteoclastic TRAP for inactivation. To evaluate whether changes in osteoclast activity could alter TRAP expression in osteoblasts and/or osteocytes in vivo, we studied the ovariectomized and vitamin D-deficient rat (Ovx-D) and rats healing from rickets. Bone sections were analyzed for TRAP gene expression by in situ hybridization, TRAP protein by immunogold labeling, and TRAP enzyme activity using the fluorescent substrate ELF97. Osteoblasts and osteocytes close to intracortical remodeling sites and bone surfaces demonstrated TRAP, most prominently in cancellous bone and osteocytes. Intracellular TRAP was located to electron-dense vesicles with similar morphology in both cell types. Ovx-D increased osteoclast activity (p < 0.001) and ELF97⁺ osteocytes (p < 0.05) in cancellous bone, but no corresponding increase was observed in the osteocyte lacunar area. The level of TRAP⁺ vesicles in cortical osteoblasts (p < 0.01) in Ovx-D rats was also increased. Enhanced osteoclast activity was noted in healing rickets after 72 h (p < 0.05), but no differences in TRAP expression were detected in osteoblasts or osteocytes. Thus, increased osteoclast activity does not affect TRAP expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the notion that increased TRAP in these cells is rather due to increased synthesis. Although the role of TRAP in osteoblasts and osteocytes remains elusive, we speculate that the function is related to the capability of the enzyme to regulate the phosphorylation of proteins known to be expressed by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene B. Solberg
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre-Henning Brorson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild A. Stordalen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S. Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Finn P. Reinholt
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Gradin P, Hollberg K, Cassady AI, Lång P, Andersson G. Transgenic overexpression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is associated with induction of osteoblast gene expression and increased cortical bone mineral content and density. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:68-81. [PMID: 22248481 DOI: 10.1159/000330806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a central event in the maintenance of skeletal tissue, and involves cycles of resorption followed by the formation of bone tissue. The activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts during these cycles is tightly regulated by systemic and local factors coupling the action of these cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is predominantly expressed in bone by osteoclasts but has also been detected in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Moreover, TRAP can stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal lineage cells, i.e. progenitors of osteoblasts and adipocytes. In order to further explore the effects of TRAP on bone turnover, the structural and molecular phenotypes of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were assessed in TRAP-overexpressing transgenic mice. Transgenic mice of both sexes display increased cortical bone mineral content and density, which cannot be accounted for by decreased bone resorption since osteoclast numbers and resorptive activity do not differ from wild-type mice. Examination of the osteoblast phenotype revealed that markers of bone formation, i.e. procollagen type I N-terminal propeptides, and osteoblast lineage markers as well as the TRAP 1B mRNA transcript are increased in TRAP-overexpressing mice. Expression of the osteoclast-selective TRAP 1C mRNA is not increased in TRAP transgenic mice. Elevated expression of TRAP mRNA and protein were detected in osteoblasts, osteocytes and in the bone matrix of TRAP transgenic mice, suggesting that TRAP overexpression in osteoblast lineage cells is associated with increased cortical bone mineral content and density. The data presented here support the hypothesis that TRAP overexpression in the osteoblastic cell lineage stimulates the differentiation and/or activation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Gradin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zenger S, Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. Biogenesis of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoforms 5a and 5b in stably transfected MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:598-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wang Y, Andersson G. Expression and proteolytic processing of mammalian purple acid phosphatase in CHO-K1 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 461:85-94. [PMID: 17324376 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rat recombinant purple acid phosphatase (PAP) stably expressed in fibroblast-like CHO-K1 cells was purified and characterized with respect to post-translational modifications such as N-glycosylation and proteolytic processing in order to elucidate subcellular and molecular pathways for proteolytic activation. In these cells, proteolytically processed PAP was more abundant than the monomeric form. PAP-transfected CHO-K1 cells were expressing active cathepsin K intracellularly, which was partially co-localized with PAP. However, neither cathepsin K nor trypsin digestion of the purified monomeric PAP in vitro did result in a two-subunit form with kinetic and electrophoretic properties resembling the endogenous cellular two-subunit form. Treatment of PAP-transfected CHO-K1 cells with the cysteine proteinase inhibitor E-64 suggested that only a minor fraction of secreted PAP is processed intracellularly by cysteine proteinases. These data do not support a dominant or critical role for cathepsins or trypsin-like serine proteinases in the proteolytic activation of PAP in CHO-K1 cells, implicating yet unidentified proteinases in the proteolytic processing of both intracellular and secreted PAP in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Wang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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