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Wang S, Liu J, Caroprese M, Gianfreda F, Melloni F, DE Santis D. Exploring the potential of calcium-based biomaterials for bone regeneration in dentistry: a systematic review. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2024; 73:169-180. [PMID: 38127421 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative medicine emerged as a promising strategy for addressing bone defects, with several bone grafts currently being used, including autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. Calcium-based biomaterials (CaXs), a well-known class of synthetic materials, have demonstrated good biological properties and are being investigated for their potential to facilitate bone regeneration. This systematic review evaluates the current clinical applications of CaXs in dentistry for bone regeneration. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive search was conducted to collect information about CaXs and their applications in the dental field over the last ten years. The search was limited to relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 72 articles were included in this scoping review, with eight studies related to periodontology, 63 in implantology and three in maxillofacial surgery respectively. The findings suggest that CaXs hold promise as an alternative intervention for minor bone regeneration in dentistry. CONCLUSIONS Calcium-based biomaterials have shown potential as a viable option for bone regeneration in dentistry. Further research is warranted to fully understand their efficacy and safety in larger bone defects. CaXs represent an exciting avenue for researchers and clinicians to explore in their ongoing efforts to advance regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Marino Caroprese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfreda
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Melloni
- Section of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele DE Santis
- Section of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
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Elakkiya K, Bargavi P, Balakumar S. 3D interconnected porous PMMA scaffold integrating with advanced nanostructured CaP-based biomaterials for rapid bone repair and regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106106. [PMID: 37708780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds with polymer and nanostructured bioactive glass-based composites are promising materials for regenerative applications in consequence of close mimics of natural bone composition. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a highly preferred thermoplastic polymer for orthopedic applications as it has good biocompatibility. Different kinds of bioactive, biodegradable as well as biocompatible biomaterial composites such as Bioglass (BG), Hydroxyapatite (Hap), and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) can be integrated with PMMA, so as to augment the bioactivity, porosity as well as regeneration of hard tissues in human body. Among the bioactive glass, 60S BG (Bioactive glass with 60 percentage of Silica without Sodium ions) is better materials among aforementioned systems owning to mechanical stability as well as controlled bioactive material. In this work, the fabrication of PMMA-CaP (calcium phosphate)-based scaffolds were carried out by Thermal Induced Phase Separation method (TIPS). X-ray diffractogram analysis (XRD) is used to examine the physiochemical properties of the scaffolds that evidently reveal the presence of calcium phosphate besides calcium phosphate silicate phases. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies obviously exhibited the microstructure of the scaffolds as well as their interconnected porous morphology. The PMMA/60S BG/TCP (C50) scaffold has the maximum pore size, measuring 77 ± 23 μm, while the average pore size ranges from 50 ± 20 to 80 ± 23 μm. By performing a liquid displacement method, the C50 scaffold is found to have the largest porosity of 50%, high hydrophilicity of 118.16°, and a compression test reveals the scaffolds to have a maximum compressive strength of 0.16 MPa. The emergence of bone-like apatite on the scaffold surface after 1st and 21st days of SBF immersion is further supported by in vitro bioactivity studies. Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility analyses undoubtedly confirmed the biocompatibility behavior of PMMA-based bioactive scaffolds. Nano-CT investigation demonstrates that PMMA-CaP scaffolds provide more or less alike morphologies of composites that resemble the natural bone. Therefore, this combination of scaffolds could be considered as potential biomaterials for bone regeneration application. This detailed study promisingly demonstrates the eminence of the unique scaffolds in the direction of regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elakkiya
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Bargavi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - S Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
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Kün-Darbois JD, Bertin H, Mouallem G, Corre P, Delabarde T, Chappard D. Bone characteristics in condylar hyperplasia of the temporomandibular joint: a microcomputed tomography, histology, and Raman microspectrometry study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 52:543-552. [PMID: 36180268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) of the temporomandibular joint is a progressive deformation of the mandibular condyle of unknown origin. UCH is characterized by excessive growth of the condylar head and neck, leading to an increase in size and volume. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the bone in patients with UCH using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), histology, and Raman microspectroscopy. The mandibular condyles of six patients with UCH were analysed using micro-CT, histology, and Raman microspectrometry and imaging, and the results were compared with those obtained for a normal control subject. Three-dimensional micro-CT models revealed focal abnormalities of the bone microarchitecture, with foci of osteosclerosis. Histological sections showed that these foci included islands of calcified cartilage matrix with live chondrocytes. Raman analysis revealed that the cartilage matrix was more heavily calcified than the bone matrix and that the cartilage could be identified by the phenylalanine (PHE) band of its matrix, as well as by its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. The persistence of foci of live and active chondrocytes within the bone matrix is intriguing and appears to be pathognomonic of UCH. These new findings on UCH could help to determine its pathophysiology and thus prevent this disease, which can lead to major facial deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-D Kün-Darbois
- Université Angers, GEROM, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Stomatologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France; Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Oniris, Inserm, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - H Bertin
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Stomatologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Oniris, Inserm, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - G Mouallem
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Stomatologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P Corre
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Stomatologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Oniris, Inserm, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - T Delabarde
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Chappard
- Université Angers, GEROM, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, Angers, France; Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Oniris, Inserm, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
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4
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The Role of Blood Clot in Guided Bone Regeneration: Biological Considerations and Clinical Applications with Titanium Foil. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216642. [PMID: 34772167 PMCID: PMC8587813 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) materials and techniques are essential to achieve the expected results. Thanks to their properties, blood clots induce bone healing, maturation, differentiation and organization. The preferred material to protect the clot in Guided Bone Regeneration is the titanium foil, as it can be shaped according to the bone defect. Furthermore, its exposition in the oral cavity does not impair the procedure. We report on five clinical cases in order to explain the management of blood clots in combination with titanium foil barriers in different clinical settings. Besides being the best choice to protect the clot, the titanium foil represents an excellent barrier that is useful in GBR due to its biocompatibility, handling, and mechanical strength properties. The clot alone is the best natural scaffold to obtain the ideal bone quality and avoid the persistence of not-resorbed granules of filler materials in the newly regenerated bone. Even though clot contraction still needs to be improved, as it impacts the volume of the regenerated bone, future studies in GBR should be inspired by the clot and its fundamental properties.
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Xi X, Liang C. Perspective of Future SERS Clinical Application Based on Current Status of Raman Spectroscopy Clinical Trials. Front Chem 2021; 9:665841. [PMID: 34354978 PMCID: PMC8329355 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.665841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a promising tool in biomedical analysis and clinical diagnosis. The development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) improved the detection limit with ultrahigh sensitivity and simplicity. More and more Raman spectroscopy clinical trials (R-PCT) have been conducted recently. However, there is a lack of an up-to-date review summarizing the current status of Raman clinical trials performed until now. Hence, the clinical trials for Raman were retrieved from the International Clinical Trials Registration Platform. We summarized the clinical characteristics of 55 registered Raman spectroscopy clinical trials (R-RSCTs) and 44 published Raman spectroscopy clinical trials (P-RSCTs). This review could assist researchers and clinicians to understand the current status of Raman spectroscopy clinical research and perhaps could benefit the reasonable and accurate design of future SERS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xi
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- School of pharmaceutical science, Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gizer M, Köse S, Karaosmanoglu B, Taskiran EZ, Berkkan A, Timuçin M, Korkusuz F, Korkusuz P. The Effect of Boron-Containing Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Bone Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:364-376. [PMID: 31069715 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases or injuries damage bone structure and self-renewal capacity. Trace elements and hydroxyapatite crystals are important in the development of biomaterials to support the renewal of bone extracellular matrix. In this study, it was assumed that the boron-loaded nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite composite supports the construction of extracellular matrix by controlled boron release in order to prevent its toxic effect. In this context, boron release from nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite was calculated by ICP-MS as in large proportion within 1 h and continuing release was provided at a constant low dose. The effect of the boron-containing nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite composite on the proliferation of SaOS-2 osteoblasts and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by WST-1 and compared with the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite and boric acid. Boron increased proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells at high doses and exhibited different effects on osteoblastic cell proliferation. Boron-containing nano-hydroxyapatite composites increased osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, when compared to nano-hydroxyapatite composite and boric acid. The molecular mechanism of effective dose of boron-containing hydroxyapatite has been assessed by transcriptomic analysis and shown to affect genes involved in Wnt, TGF-β, and response to stress signaling pathways when compared to nano-hydroxyapatite composite and boric acid. Finally, a safe osteoconductive dose range of boron-containing nano-hydroxyapatite composites for local repair of bone injuries and the molecular effect profile in the effective dose should be determined by further studies to validation of the regenerative therapeutic effect window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Gizer
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Köse
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beren Karaosmanoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekim Z Taskiran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Berkkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Timuçin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kitasato S, Tanaka T, Chazono M, Komaki H, Kakuta A, Inagaki N, Akiyama S, Marumo K. Local application of alendronate controls bone formation and β-tricalcium phosphate resorption induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:528-536. [PMID: 31702866 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the ability of local alendronate (ALN) administration to control β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) resorption as well as the induction of bone formation by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). A 15-mm critical-sized bone defect was created in the diaphysis of rabbit ulnae. Nine female rabbits (4 to 5 months-old) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 6 ulnae) animals received implants consisting of β-TCP granules and 25 μg of rhBMP-2 in 6.5% collagen gel. Group 2 (6 ulnae) and Group 3 (6 ulnae) animals received the same implants, but with 10-6 M and 10-3 M ALN-treated TCP granules, respectively. Two weeks postsurgery, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cell counts, new bone formation, and residual β-TCP were evaluated. This study showed that a high dose of ALN strongly reduced osteoclastic resorption of β-TCP induced by rhBMP-2, resulting in decreased bone formation. In contrast, a low dose of ALN slightly reduced the bone resorptive effect but increased bone formation. These results suggest that osteoclast-mediated resorption plays an important role in bone formation and a coupling-like phenomenon could occur in the β-TCP-implanted area, and that administration of a low dose of ALN may solve clinical bone resorptive problems induced by rhBMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Kitasato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NHO Utsunomiya National Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Chazono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NHO Utsunomiya National Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Komaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Kakuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Inagaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoshi Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Marumo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Loin J, Kün-Darbois JD, Guillaume B, Badja S, Libouban H, Chappard D. Maxillary sinus floor elevation using Beta-Tricalcium-Phosphate (beta-TCP) or natural bone: same inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:97. [PMID: 31440845 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sinus elevation is a common procedure to increase bone volume in the atrophic maxilla to allow placement of dental implants. Autogenous bone is the gold standard but is limited in quantity and causes morbidity at the donor site. β-TCP is a synthetic biomaterial commonly used in that purpose. It appears to induce a poor inflammatory response. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of edema of the sinus mucosa after sinus lift surgery according to the type of biomaterial. Forty sinuses (20 patients) were included retrospectively and divided into 2 groups according to the biomaterial that was used: synthetic biomaterial (BTCP group), natural bone (BONE group). A control group (CTRL group) was constituted by the non-grafted maxillary sinuses. Twelve measurements per sinus were realized on pre- and post-operative computed tomography and averaged to provide the sinus membrane thickness value (SM.Th). SM.Th was thicker post-operatively in the BTCP and BONE groups in comparison with the CTRL group and in comparison with pre-operative measurements. No difference was found post operatively between the BTCP and BONE groups. We found that a synthetic biomaterial (β-TCP) induced the same degree of edema, and thus of inflammation, as natural bone. It constitutes therefore an interesting alternative to autogenous bone for maxillary sinus lifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Loin
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, CHU d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Kün-Darbois
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, CHU d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, EA 4658, SFR 4208, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.
| | - Bernard Guillaume
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, EA 4658, SFR 4208, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
- Centre Français d'Implantologie CFI, 6 rue de Rome, 75008, Paris, France
| | - Smail Badja
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, CHU d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Libouban
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, EA 4658, SFR 4208, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, EA 4658, SFR 4208, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
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Human macrophages and osteoclasts resorb β-tricalcium phosphate in vitro but not mouse macrophages. Micron 2019; 125:102730. [PMID: 31415983 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
β-TCP is a resorbable bony biomaterial but its biodegradation mechanisms in vivo remains unclear. Osteoclast can resorb β-TCP but a role for macrophages has also been suggested by in vivo studies. However no in vitro study has clearly evidenced the action of macrophages in the resorption process. We prepared flat β-TCP tablets with a smooth surface to investigate the in vitro capability of murine (RAW 264.7) and human macrophage cells (PBMCs) to resorb the biomaterial. In parallel, these cells were differentiated into multinucleated osteoclasts with M-CSF and RANK-L. The action of these cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy after a 21 day culture on the tablets. Human macrophages and osteoclasts derived from PBMCs appeared able to resorb β-TCP by forming resorption pits at the surface of the flat tablets. RAW macrophages were unable to resorb β-TCP but they exhibited this possibility when they have been differentiated into osteoclasts. These cells can engulf β-TCP grains in their cytoplasm as evidenced by light and TEM microscopy with production of carbonic anhydrase (revealed by the immunogold technique in TEM). The resorbed areas were characterized by severe degradation of the grains showing speckled and stick-like aspects indicating a chemical corrosion. The effect was maximal at the grain boundaries which have a slightly different chemical composition. Changes in the Raman spectrum were observed between the resorbed and un-resorbed β-TCP suggesting crystal modifications. In contrast, un-differentiated murine macrophages were not able to chemically attack β-TCP and no resorption pit was observed. RAW cell is not a representative model of the macrophage-biomaterial interactions that occur in human. This in vitro study evidences that both human osteoclasts and macrophages represent active cell populations capable to resorb β-TCP.
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Tripathi G, Sugiura Y, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K. In vivo stability evaluation of Mg substituted low crystallinity ß-tricalcium phosphate granules fabricated through dissolution-precipitation reaction for bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:065002. [PMID: 30010092 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used in clinical applications as a bone substitute owing to its positive tissue response and its ability to be replaced by new bone through a bone-remodeling process, it has the limitation of rapid resorption in vivo, which might become a reason for tissue atrophy and high crystallinity, which decrease biocompatibility. A reduction in the crystallinity might increase the biocompatibility of the bone substitute. To overcome the drawbacks of β-TCP, decrease in crystallinity and solubility, both are required. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of fabricating Mg substituted low crystalline β-TCP (Mg-LC-β-TCP) granules formed in aqueous solution was evaluated in vivo focusing long-term adsorption and bone formation in bone defects formed in the rabbit femur using sintered β-TCP granules as a control. With Mg-LC-β-TCP, the resorption of the substitute was suppressed, and no tissue atrophy was observed even at 24 weeks post-implantation, whereas a few granules with surrounding tissue atrophy were observed at 12 weeks post-implantation. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-staining indicated that the density of osteoclasts type cells with Mg-LC-β-TCP was significantly lower than that with β-TCP, and also the numbers of osteoblasts type cells with Mg-LC-β-TCP were significantly higher than that with β-TCP. It is suggested that Mg substitution to form low crystallinity β-TCP is a valuable way to overcome the limitations of β-TCP as a bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tripathi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8532, Japan
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