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Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülow C, Rohde JF, Ussing A, Nielsen SM, Christensen R, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Javaid MK, Lems WF, Nogues X, Roux C, Minisola S, Kurth A, Thomas T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ferrari SL, Langdahl B, Abrahamsen B. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2023; 381:e068033. [PMID: 37130601 PMCID: PMC10152340 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the comparative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments, including the bone anabolic agents, abaloparatide and romosozumab, on reducing the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women, and to characterise the effect of antiosteoporosis drug treatments on the risk of fractures according to baseline risk factors. DESIGN Systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify randomised controlled trials published between 1 January 1996 and 24 November 2021 that examined the effect of bisphosphonates, denosumab, selective oestrogen receptor modulators, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, and romosozumab compared with placebo or active comparator. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised controlled trials that included non-Asian postmenopausal women with no restriction on age, when interventions looked at bone quality in a broad perspective. The primary outcome was clinical fractures. Secondary outcomes were vertebral, non-vertebral, hip, and major osteoporotic fractures, all cause mortality, adverse events, and serious cardiovascular adverse events. RESULTS The results were based on 69 trials (>80 000 patients). For clinical fractures, synthesis of the results showed a protective effect of bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, and romosozumab compared with placebo. Compared with parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, bisphosphonates were less effective in reducing clinical fractures (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 2.00). Compared with parathyroid hormone receptor agonists and romosozumab, denosumab was less effective in reducing clinical fractures (odds ratio 1.85, 1.18 to 2.92 for denosumab v parathyroid hormone receptor agonists and 1.56, 1.02 to 2.39 for denosumab v romosozumab). An effect of all treatments on vertebral fractures compared with placebo was found. In the active treatment comparisons, denosumab, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, and romosozumab were more effective than oral bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral fractures. The effect of all treatments was unaffected by baseline risk indicators, except for antiresorptive treatments that showed a greater reduction of clinical fractures compared with placebo with increasing mean age (number of studies=17; β=0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 0.99). No harm outcomes were seen. The certainty in the effect estimates was moderate to low for all individual outcomes, mainly because of limitations in reporting, nominally indicating a serious risk of bias and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicated a benefit of a range of treatments for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women for clinical and vertebral fractures. Bone anabolic treatments were more effective than bisphosphonates in the prevention of clinical and vertebral fractures, irrespective of baseline risk indicators. Hence this analysis provided no clinical evidence for restricting the use of anabolic treatment to patients with a very high risk of fractures. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019128391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nicole Händel
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cecilie von Bülow
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Occupational Science, User Perspectives and Community-Based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ussing
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Mai Nielsen
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robin Christensen
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jean-Jacques Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Adolfo Diez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut Hospital del Mar of Medical Investigation, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERFES (Frailty and Healthy Aging Research Network), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peyman Hadji
- Frankfurt Centre of Bone Health, Frankfurt and Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Kassim Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Xavier Nogues
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Salut Mar, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Roux
- INSERM U 1153, Hospital Paris-Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreas Kurth
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Marienhaus Klinikum Mainz, Major Teaching Hospital, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Rheumatology Department, INSERM U1059, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Bente Langdahl
- Departments of Clinical Medicine and of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Geusens P, Feldman R, Oates M, Thomas T, Makras P, Jakob F, Langdahl B, Wang Z, Rojeski M, Libanati C. Romosozumab reduces incidence of new vertebral fractures across severity grades among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 2022; 154:116209. [PMID: 34547521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral fractures (VFs) are the most common type of osteoporotic fracture, and their prevalence and severity are key risk factors for future fragility fractures. Here, we assess the treatment effect of romosozumab on the incidence of new on-study VFs according to Genant severity grades (mild, moderate, and severe). Data are reported from two phase 3 clinical studies for patients who received romosozumab versus placebo through 12 months, followed by denosumab through 24 months (FRAME: NCT01575834), and for patients who received romosozumab through 12 months, followed by alendronate through 24 months, versus alendronate only through 24 months (ARCH: NCT01631214). The treatment effect of romosozumab is reported for all included patients, and for patients with prevalent and severe baseline VFs. The incidence of new moderate-or-severe VFs was reduced through 12 months for patients treated with romosozumab versus placebo (FRAME; 0.25% versus 1.42%, respectively; p < 0.001) or alendronate (ARCH; 2.78% versus 4.00%, respectively; p = 0.042). Furthermore, the treatment effect of romosozumab on the incidence of new VFs across moderate and severe severity grades was independent of baseline VF prevalence or severity; through 12 months, consistent reductions in new moderate-or-severe VFs were observed regardless of prevalent (FRAME; p = 0.18) or severe (ARCH; p = 0.52) VFs at baseline. Reductions in the incidence of new moderate and severe VFs were sustained through 24 months, after transition from romosozumab to denosumab or alendronate, independent of baseline VF prevalence or severity; no significant interactions were observed between the incidence of new moderate-or-severe VFs and the presence of prevalent (FRAME; p = 0.81) or severe (ARCH; p = 0.99) VFs at baseline. With increasing recommendations for initial treatment with bone-forming agents for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, these analyses will help to inform treatment decisions for patients at very high risk of VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Geusens
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Hasselt, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Thierry Thomas
- Hopital Nord, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne and INSERM 1059, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Polyzois Makras
- 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA-General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Zheng Z, Liu C, Zhang Z, Hu W, Gao M, Jia C, Zhang X. Thoracolumbar flexion dysfunction and thoracolumbar compression fracture in postmenopausal women: a single-center retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:709. [PMID: 34876177 PMCID: PMC8650513 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether thoracolumbar flexion dysfunctions increase the risk of thoracolumbar compression fractures in postmenopausal women. METHODS The records of postmenopausal women with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures and without vertebral compression fractures were surveyed. Demographic data, clinical data, and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) findings were compared between the groups. Chi-squared tests, unpaired t-tests, Spearman, and Mann-Whitney U were used to assess the group characteristics and proportions. The relationship between the risk of fracture and the difference of Cobb's angle of thoracolumbar segment (DCTL) was evaluated by logistic regression. DCTL was calculated by subtracting thoracolumbar Cobb's angles (TLCobb's) from thoracolumbar hyperflexion Cobb's angles (TLHCobb's). Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) values and spinal osteoarthritis (OA) of postmenopausal women in the two groups were compared. RESULTS 102 of 312 were enrolled to the study group of postmenopausal women with the fracture, and 210 of 312 were enrolled to the control group of postmenopausal women without the fracture. There were significant differences in QCT values and spinal OA including disc narrowing (DSN) and osteophytes (OPH) between the two groups (p < 0.001 for all four). The risk of thoracolumbar compression fractures in the postmenopausal women with DCTL ≤ 8.7° was 9.95 times higher (95% CI 5.31-18.64) than that with > 8.7° after adjusting for age, BMI, and QCT values. CONCLUSION Low DCTL may be a risk factor of thoracolumbar compression fractures in postmenopausal women, and a DCTL ≤ 8.7° can be a threshold value of thoracolumbar compression fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chengqi Jia
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Driessen JHM, van Dort MJ, Romme EAPM, Wouters EFM, Smeenk FWJM, van Rietbergen B, van den Bergh JPW, Geusens P. Associations between bone attenuation and prevalent vertebral fractures on chest CT scans differ with vertebral fracture locations. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1869-1877. [PMID: 33594489 PMCID: PMC8387252 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vertebral fracture (VF) locations are bimodally distributed in the spine. The association between VF and bone attenuation (BA) measured on chest CT scans varied according to the location of VFs, indicating that other factors than only BA play a role in the bimodal distribution of VFs. INTRODUCTION Vertebral fractures (VFs) are associated with low bone mineral density but are not equally distributed throughout the spine and occur most commonly at T7-T8 and T11-T12 ("cVFs") and less commonly at T4-T6 and T9-T10 ("lcVF"). We aimed to determine whether associations between bone attenuation (BA) and VFs vary between subjects with cVFs only, with lcVFs only and with both cVFs and lcVFs. METHODS Chest CT images of T4-T12 in 1237 smokers with and without COPD were analysed for prevalent VFs according to the method described by Genant (11,133 vertebrae). BA (expressed in Hounsfield units) was measured in all non-fractured vertebrae (available for 10,489 vertebrae). Linear regression was used to compare mean BA, and logistic regression was used to estimate the association of BA with prevalent VFs (adjusted for age and sex). RESULTS On vertebral level, the proportion of cVFs was significantly higher than of lcVF (5.6% vs 2.0%). Compared to subjects without VFs, BA was 15% lower in subjects with cVFs (p < 0.0001), 25% lower in subjects with lcVFs (p < 0.0001) and lowest in subjects with cVFs and lcVFs (- 32%, p < 0.0001). The highest ORs for presence of VFs per - 1SD BA per vertebra were found in subjects with both cVFs and lcVFs (3.8 to 4.6). CONCLUSIONS The association between VFs and BA differed according to VF location. ORs increased from subjects with cVFs to subjects with lcVFs and were highest in subjects with cVFs and lcVFs, indicating that other factors than only BA play a role in the bimodal VF distribution. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00292552.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H M Driessen
- Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M J van Dort
- Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - E A P M Romme
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Postbus 9555, 6800, TA, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - E F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F W J M Smeenk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Postbus 1350, 5602, ZA, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B van Rietbergen
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Section Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbus 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J P W van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - P Geusens
- Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Postbus 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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