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Drusch S, Neumann A, Michelon H, Pépin M, Zureik M, Herr M. Do Proton Pump Inhibitors Reduce Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Older Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Oral Anticoagulants? A Nationwide Cohort Study in France. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:65-76. [PMID: 38114724 PMCID: PMC10769917 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are largely used in older adults and data are needed in off-label indications, such as the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients receiving oral anticoagulants (OACs). This study aimed to assess whether PPIs reduce the risk of UGIB in patients initiating oral anticoagulation. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study based on the French national health database. The study population included 109,693 patients aged 75-110 years with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation who initiated OACs [vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or direct OAC (DOAC)] between 2012 and 2016. We used multivariable Cox models weighted by inverse of probability of treatment to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of UGIB between PPI users and nonusers over a 6- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS PPI users represented 23% of the study population (28% among VKA initiators and 17% among DOAC initiators). The mean age (83 ± 5.3 years) and proportion of women (near 60%) were similar between groups. The risk of UGIB in the first 6 months after initiation of OAC decreased by 20% in PPI users compared with PPI nonusers [aHR6 months = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.98], but was not significantly modified when the follow-up was extended to 12 months (aHR12 months = 0.90, 95% CI 0.76-1.07), with a stronger effect among patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (aHR6 months = 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.93; aHR12 months = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.99). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PPIs were associated with reduced risk of gastrointestinal bleeding after initiation of oral anticoagulation in older patients with atrial fibrillation, particularly within 6 months after initiation of an antivitamin K antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Drusch
- EPI-PHARE, Epidemiology of Health Products (French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, and French National Health Insurance), Saint-Denis, France.
- Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - Anke Neumann
- EPI-PHARE, Epidemiology of Health Products (French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, and French National Health Insurance), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hugues Michelon
- Pharmacy Department, Sainte-Périne Hospital, GHU AP-HP, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Marion Pépin
- Geriatrics Department, Ambroise Paré Hospital, GHU AP-HP, University of Paris-Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Clinical Epidemiology, University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Mahmoud Zureik
- EPI-PHARE, Epidemiology of Health Products (French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, and French National Health Insurance), Saint-Denis, France
- Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Marie Herr
- Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Epidemiology and Public Health department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, GHU AP-HP, University of Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
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Zeng M, Li Y, Chen T, Zhang S, Luo H. Evolution of proton pump inhibitor prescribing from 2017 to 2021 at 14 secondary and tertiary hospitals in China:a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072793. [PMID: 37400237 PMCID: PMC10335495 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the trend in prescribing proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and expenditure in both secondary and tertiary hospitals in China between 2017 and 2021. DESIGN Multicentre cross-sectional survey. SETTING China, 14 medical centres, January 2017 to December 2021. PARTICIPANTS 537 284 participants who were treated with PPI in 14 medical centres of China, between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The rate of PPI prescriptions, the defined daily doses (DDDs), DDDs/1000 inhabitants per day (DDDs/TID) and expenditure were analysed and plotted to demonstrate changes in prescription PPI use and expenditure. RESULTS For both outpatient and inpatient settings, the rate of PPI prescribing decreased from 2017 to 2021. In outpatient settings, decreased slightly from 3.4% to 2.8%, however, in inpatient settings, showed a progressive decrease from 26.7% to 14.0%. The overall rate of injectable PPI prescriptions for inpatients decreased significantly from 21.2% to 7.3% between 2017 and 2021. Decreased trends in usage of oral PPI were observed (from 280 750 DDDs to 255 121 DDDs) between 2017 and 2021. However, usage of injectable PPI showed a significantly decrease from 191 451 DDDs to 68 806 DDDs from 2017 to 2021. In terms of DDDs/TID of PPI for inpatients decreased dramatically from 52.3 to 30.2 for the past 5 years. Expenditure on oral PPI decreased slightly from ¥1.98 million (Chinese currency Renminbi 'yuan') to ¥1.23 million for the past 5 years, whereas expenditure on injectable PPI showed a marked decrease from ¥2.61 million to ¥0.94 million. There was no statistical difference in both PPI use and expenditure between secondary and tertiary hospitals during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Decreased PPI use and expenditure were observed among secondary and tertiary hospitals over the past 5 years (2017-2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Gulin County People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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Torres-Bondia F, de Batlle J, Galván L, Buti M, Barbé F, Piñol-Ripoll G. Evolution of the consumption trend of proton pump inhibitors in the Lleida Health Region between 2002 and 2015. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:818. [PMID: 35461252 PMCID: PMC9035259 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmacological groups. Their high prevalence and duration of use are of important health concern due to the risk they can cause to patients. Despite these risks, their use remains particularly high, especially in the elderly population. We determined the trend in the prevalence of PPI consumption in the population of the Lleida Health Region between 2002 and 2015 to explore patterns of use and associated characteristics. Methods An analysis of secular trends between 2002 and 2015 was performed. The database included all individuals who used PPIs in the Lleida Health Region, which had 358.070 inhabitants in 2015. PPI use was evaluated using prescription dispensing data from the public health system. All types of PPIs approved by the pharmaceutical agency were included. Trends were investigated by age and sex. Results For the whole study period, a total of 215,417 individuals accounted for 292,122 dispensations. Overall, 48% were women, and the mean age was 62 years. The dispensing prevalence of PPI use in 2015 was 18.0% overall—20.4% for women and 15.7% for men—and was 54.6% for those over 65 years. In terms of the subtypes of PPIs, 16.8% of prescriptions were for omeprazole, 0.66% were for pantoprazole, and 0.48% were for lansoprazole. The evolution of the annual PPIs dispensation prevalence showed a progressive increase from 11.3% in 2002 to 18.0% in 2015, which was attributable to an increase in the use of omeprazole (9.0% vs. 16.8%) and, to a lesser extent, esomeprazole (0.02% vs. 0.4%). Conclusion An increase in the prevalence of PPI dispensation was observed over 14 years of follow-up. The prevalence of dispensation was especially high for the population older than 65 years, despite the risk of cognitive decline and falls. Comprehensive actions are required to to increase rational prescribing of PPIs, especially in high-risk populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13217-6.
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Yailian AL, Huet E, Charpiat B, Conort O, Juste M, Roubille R, Bourdelin M, Gravoulet J, Mongaret C, Vermorel C, Bedouch P, Janoly-Duménil A. Characteristics of Pharmacists' Interventions Related to Proton-Pump Inhibitors in French Hospitals: An Observational Study. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9619699. [PMID: 35846437 PMCID: PMC9256420 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9619699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS The study was based on a retrospective analysis of pharmacist interventions for DRPs detected during the medication order review and documented into the French Act-IP© database over a 12-year period. DRPs and PIs were analyzed, and independent factors of physician acceptance were assessed via multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Out of the 620,620 PIs registered, 29,694 targeted a PPI (4.8%). PPI's DRPs were mostly related to the prescription of a "drug not available at the hospital" (26.1%) and a "drug use without indication" (18.3%); PIs were mostly "drug switch" (35.9%) and "drug discontinuation" (26.1%). In all, 18,919 PIs were accepted by physicians (63.7%). Acceptance was significantly associated with patient age: less accepted for the 18-75 years group (OR = 0.59, 95 CI [0.46-0.76]), and the >75 years group (OR = 0.57, 95 CI [0.44-0.73]) vs. <18 years group; for the type of DRP, "drug use without indication" was the less accepted (OR = 0.73, 95 CI [0.63-0.85]); for the type of PI, "dose adjustment" was the less accepted (OR = 0.32, 95 CI [0.23-0.45]). CONCLUSION Pharmacists contribute to preventing DRPs associated with PPI prescriptions during the medication order review process. Moreover, they often detect PPIs used without indication and they propose drug discontinuation, which contributes to the PPI deprescribing process. PIs should be further developed in the future to reduce PPI overprescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- AL Yailian
- Pharmacy Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, UR 4129 Parcours Santé Systémique, Lyon, France
| | - E. Huet
- Pharmacy Department, Dieppe Hospital, Dieppe, France
| | - B. Charpiat
- Pharmacy Department, Croix Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69004, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/TIMC UMR5525, F-38041, Grenoble, France
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - O. Conort
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M. Juste
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
- Pharmacy Department, Auban Mouet Hospital, Epernay, France
| | - R. Roubille
- Pharmacy Department, Lucien Hussel Hospital, Vienne, France
| | - M. Bourdelin
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
- Pharmacy Department, Nord-Ouest Villefrance Hospital, Villefranche sur Saône, France
| | - J. Gravoulet
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
- Regional Union of Healthcare Professionals Pharmacists of the Grand Est (URPS), Nancy 54000, France
- Lorraine University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nancy 54000, France
| | - C. Mongaret
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
- Pharmacy Department, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Reims Champagne Ardennes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Reims, France
| | - C. Vermorel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/TIMC UMR5525, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Bedouch
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/TIMC UMR5525, F-38041, Grenoble, France
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
- Pharmacy Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - A. Janoly-Duménil
- Pharmacy Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, UR 4129 Parcours Santé Systémique, Lyon, France
- Working Group ‘Valorization of Pharmaceutical Interventions/Valorisation des Interventions Pharmaceutiques – Act-IP©' of the French Society for Clinical Pharmacy, Marseille, France
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Dharmarajan TS. The Use and Misuse of Proton Pump Inhibitors: An Opportunity for Deprescribing. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:15-22. [PMID: 33321078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are proven medications of choice for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), acid-related disorders, erosive esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding while on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, eosinophilic esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients, and other indications. Best practice guidelines from several sources on the appropriate indications and duration of PPI therapy have been summarized for easy assimilation. Individualized decision with regard to PPI use is illustrated by case vignettes; best approaches are provided. The significant increase in use of PPIs for ill-defined indications over the years, associated adverse outcomes with long-term use, and consequent increase in health care costs have drawn much attention. Adverse outcomes due to PPI therapy may be categorized as unrelated or related to gastric acid inhibition. Examples of outcomes unrelated to acid inhibition include allergic reactions, acute interstitial nephritis, chronic kidney disease, poor cardiovascular outcomes, dementia, and drug interactions; consequences of acid inhibition include gastrointestinal infections, pneumonia, nutrient deficiencies, fractures, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Provider awareness regarding best practice guidelines on PPI use and imparting pertinent education to patients may be the rational approach to safe and effective PPI therapy. In individuals in whom the drug is not indicated, efforts at deprescribing the PPI may be attempted following discussion with the patient. Approaches include stopping the drug, reducing the dose or using "on-demand" therapy after completing the course of treatment for the specific indication. Barriers to successful deprescribing exist. Follow-up is recommended for recurrence of manifestations; in the event of recurrence, the PPI may need to be re-instituted. PPIs are valuable, irreplaceable drugs in the prevention and treatment of certain disorders for specific durations of time. Evidence nevertheless suggests that excessive and inappropriately prolonged use of PPIs is associated with a broad range of adverse effects. Education of provider and patient, stewardship, and motivation are key to appropriate use of PPIs for the right indications. Key implications for practice are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvinvamalai S Dharmarajan
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Medicine Fellowship Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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