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Vriend J, Tate RB. Differential Expression of Genes for Ubiquitin Ligases in Medulloblastoma Subtypes. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:469-488. [PMID: 30810905 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-1009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using publically available datasets on gene expression in medulloblastoma (MB) subtypes, we selected genes for ubiquitin ligases and identified statistically those that best predicted each of the four major MB subgroups as separate disease entities. We identify a gene coding for an ubiquitin ligase, ZNRF3, whose overexpression alone can predict the WNT subgroup for 100% in the Pfister dataset. For the SHH subgroup, we identify a gene for a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), PPP2R2C, as the major predictor among the E3 ligases genes. The ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like conjugation database (UUCD) lists PPP2R2C as coding for a Cullin Ring ubiquitin ligase adaptor. For group 3 MBs, the best ubiquitin ligase predictor was PPP2R2B, a gene which codes for another regulatory subunit of the PP2A holoenzyme. For group 4, the best E3 gene predictors were MID2, ZBTB18, and PPP2R2A, which codes for a third PP2A regulatory subunit. Heatmap analysis of the E3 gene data shows that expression of ten genes for ubiquitin ligases can be used to classify MBs into the four major consensus subgroups. This was illustrated by analysis of gene expression of ubiquitin ligases of the Pfister dataset and confirmed in the dataset of Cavalli. We conclude that genes for ubiquitin ligases can be used as genetic markers for MB subtypes and that the proteins coded for by these genes should be investigated as subtype specific therapeutic targets for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm134, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Robert B Tate
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Hu L, Wang P, Zhao R, Li S, Wang F, Li C, Cao L, Wu S. The Drosophila F-box protein Slimb controls dSmurf protein turnover to regulate the Hippo pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:317-322. [PMID: 27856247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factors 1 and 2 (Smurf1/2) are members of the HECT domain E3 ligase family which play crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle progression, planar cell polarity, cancer metastasis and cell apoptosis. We recently showed that the Drosophila homolog dSmurf controls the stability of Warts kinase to regulate the Hippo pathway. In the current study, we found that the F-box protein Slimb controls dSmurf protein level to regulate the Hippo pathway. Slimb physically associates with dSmurf as revealed by co-immunoprecipitation assay in S2 cells. The C-terminal WD40 repeats of Slimb (188-510 amino acid) and the C-terminal HECT domain of dSmurf (723-1061 amino acid) are necessary for their binding. Interaction with Slimb leads to the ubiquitination and degradation of dSmurf, resulting in negative regulation of dSmurf-mediated Yki phosphorylation and activity in the Hippo pathway. Thus our study revealed a new regulatory mechanism of the Hippo pathway which may provide implications for developing tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Runan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin, PR China.
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Li N, Xie C, Lu NH. Transforming growth factor-β: an important mediator in Helicobacter pylori-associated pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:77. [PMID: 26583078 PMCID: PMC4632021 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, helical bacillus that specifically colonizes the gastric mucosa. The interaction of virulence factors, host genetic factors, and environmental factors contributes to the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated conditions, such as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Infection with H. pylori has recently been recognized as the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. As a pleiotropic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β regulates various biological processes, including cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Recent studies have shed new light on the involvement of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. This review focuses on the potential etiological roles of TGF-β in H. pylori-mediated gastric pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, China
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Wang Z, Wang J, Li X, Xing L, Ding Y, Shi P, Zhang Y, Guo S, Shu X, Shan B. Bortezomib prevents oncogenesis and bone metastasis of prostate cancer by inhibiting WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1469-78. [PMID: 25051198 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in males, and bone metastases remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality in this population. Ubiquitin ligase E3s and proteasomes were thought to play essential roles in the development of cancers, therefore, they were proposed as therapy targets for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. Bortezomib, well-known as a proteasome inhibitor, has been observed with exact anticancer effect both in cell and animal models for several solid tumor types, including prostate cancer. To explore activities of the ubiquitin ligase E3s WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2 in oncogenesis and bone metastasis of prostate cancer, as well as in the functional mechanism of bortezomib in preventing prostate cancer, transcription and expression levels of WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2 genes in cell lines or tissues of benign prostate hyperplasia and human prostate cancer with and without bone metastasis were tested. Moreover, human prostate cancer PC3 cell lines were treated with bortezomib at different concentration gradients and then their proliferation at different time points, mRNA and protein levels were investigated. The results indicated that transcription and expression levels of WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2 genes in prostate cancer without bone metastasis were significantly higher compared to those in benign prostate hyperplasia (P<0.05), whereas significantly lower than prostate cancer metastatic to bone (P<0.05). Furthermore, bortezomib reduced the transcription and expression levels of WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2 genes in prostate cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, thus, inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Elevated transcription and expression levels of ubiquitin ligase E3s WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2 genes may be the mechanisms of occurrence, development and metastasis of prostate cancer. In addition, bortezomib can prevent prostate cancer and its bone metastasis by downregulating WWP1, Smurf1 and Smurf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Lianping Xing
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Penghui Shi
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shenghu Guo
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Oncology, Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Scientific Research Centre, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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