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Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Gečaitė J, Želvys A, Zinkevičienė A, Žalnėravičius R, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Nemeikaitė-Čenienė A, Kašėta V, German N, Novickij J, Ramanavičienė A, Kulbacka J, Novickij V. Improving NonViral Gene Delivery Using MHz Bursts of Nanosecond Pulses and Gold Nanoparticles for Electric Field Amplification. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041178. [PMID: 37111663 PMCID: PMC10146442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery by the pulsed electric field is a promising alternative technology for nonviral transfection; however, the application of short pulses (i.e., nanosecond) is extremely limited. In this work, we aimed to show the capability to improve gene delivery using MHz frequency bursts of nanosecond pulses and characterize the potential use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs: 9, 13, 14, and 22 nm) in this context. We have used bursts of MHz pulses 3/5/7 kV/cm × 300 ns × 100 and compared the efficacy of the parametric protocols to conventional microsecond protocols (100 µs × 8, 1 Hz) separately and in combination with nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effects of pulses and AuNPs on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed. It was shown that gene delivery using microsecond protocols could be significantly improved with AuNPs; however, the efficacy is strongly dependent on the surface charge of AuNPs and their size. The capability of local field amplification using AuNPs was also confirmed by finite element method simulation. Finally, it was shown that AuNPs are not effective with nanosecond protocols. However, MHz protocols are still competitive in the context of gene delivery, resulting in low ROS generation, preserved viability, and easier procedure to trigger comparable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jovita Gečaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Augustinas Želvys
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Žalnėravičius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Science and Technology, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aušra Nemeikaitė-Čenienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Kašėta
- Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalija German
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanavičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Radzevičiūtė E, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Kulbacka J, Rembiałkowska N, Novickij J, Girkontaitė I, Novickij V. Nanosecond electrochemotherapy using bleomycin or doxorubicin: Influence of pulse amplitude, duration and burst frequency. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Rao X, Chen S, Alfadhl Y, Chen X, Sun L, Yu L, Zhou J. Pulse width and intensity effects of pulsed electric fields on cancerous and normal skin cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18039. [PMID: 36302879 PMCID: PMC9613658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsecond pulsed electric fields (PEF) have previously been used for various tumour therapies, such as gene therapy, electrochemotherapy and irreversible electroporation (IRE), due to its demonstrated ability. However, recently nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have also been used as a potential tumor therapy via inducing cell apoptosis or immunogenic cell death to prevent recurrence and metastasis by interacting with intracellular organelles. A large proportion of the existing in-vitro studies of nsPEF on cells also suggests cell necrosis and swelling/blebbing can be induced, but the replicability and potential for other effects on cells suggesting a complicated process which requires further investigation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of pulse width and intensity of nsPEF on the murine melanoma cells (B16) and normal murine fibroblast cells (L929) through electromagnetic simulation and in-vitro experiments. Through examining the evolution patterns of potential difference and electric fields on the intracellular compartments, the simulation has shown a differential effect of nsPEF on normal and cancerous skin cells, which explains well the results observed in the reported experiments. In addition, the modelling has provided a clear evidence that a few hundreds of ns PEF may have caused a mixed mode of effects, i.e. a 'cocktail effect', including cell electroporation and IRE due to an over their threshold voltage induced on the plasma membrane, as well as cell apoptosis and other biological effects caused by its interaction with the intracellular compartments. The in-vitro experiments in the pulse range of the hundreds of nanoseconds showed a possible differential cytotoxicity threshold of electric field intensity between B16 cells and L929 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Rao
- grid.411963.80000 0000 9804 6672School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Sophia Chen
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Yasir Alfadhl
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- grid.411963.80000 0000 9804 6672School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 China ,grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Lingling Sun
- grid.411963.80000 0000 9804 6672School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Liyang Yu
- grid.411963.80000 0000 9804 6672School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
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Kumar M, Mishra A. Reversible electroporation study of realistic normal and cancerous cervical cells model using avalanche transistor-based nano pulse generator. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34488195 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the reversible electroporation process on normal and cancerous cervical cells. The 2D contour of the cervical cells is extracted using image processing techniques from the Pap smear images. The conductivity change in the cancer cell model has been used to differentiate the effects of the high-frequency electric field on normal and cancerous cells. The cells' dielectric constant modulates when this high-frequency pulse is applied based on the Debye relaxation. To computationally visualize the effects of the electroporation on the cell membrane, the Smoluchowski equation is employed to estimate pore density, and Maxwell equations are used to determine the electric potential developed across the membrane of the cervical cell. The results demonstrate the suitability of this mathematical model for studying the response of normal and cancerous cells under electric stress. The electric field is supplied with the help of a realistic pulse generator which is designed on the principle of Marx circuit and avalanche transistor-based operations to produce a Gaussian pulse. The paper here uses a strength-duration curve to differentiate the electric field and time in nanoseconds required to electroporate normal and cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Department of Applied Sciences (Biomedical Engineering), India
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Department of Applied Sciences (Biomedical Engineering), India
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Nonlinear dispersive cell model for microdosimetry of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19456. [PMID: 33173132 PMCID: PMC7655951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For applications based on nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), the underlying transmembrane potential (TMP) distribution on the plasma membrane is influenced by electroporation (EP) of the plasma membrane and dielectric dispersion (DP) of all cell compartments which is important for predicting the bioelectric effects. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution of TMP on the plasma membrane induced by nsPEFs of various pulse durations (3 ns, 5 ns unipolar, 5 ns bipolar, and 10 ns) is investigated with the inclusion of both DP and EP. Based on the double-shelled dielectric spherical cell model, the Debye equation describing DP is transformed into the time-domain form with the introduction of polarization vector, and then we obtain the time course of TMP by solving the combination of Laplace equation and time-domain Debye equation. Next, the asymptotic version of the Smoluchowski equation is included to characterize the EP of plasma membrane in order to observe more profound electroporation effects with larger pore density and electroporated areas in consideration of both DP and EP. Through the simulation, it is clearer to understand the relationship between the applied nsPEFs and the induced bioelectric effects.
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della Valle E, Marracino P, Pakhomova O, Liberti M, Apollonio F. Nanosecond pulsed electric signals can affect electrostatic environment of proteins below the threshold of conformational effects: The case study of SOD1 with a molecular simulation study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221685. [PMID: 31454403 PMCID: PMC6711501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fields can be a powerful tool to interact with enzymes or proteins, with an intriguing perspective to allow protein manipulation. Recently, researchers have focused the interest on intracellular enzyme modifications triggered by the application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. These findings were also supported by theoretical predictions from molecular dynamics simulations focussing on significant variations in protein secondary structures. In this work, a theoretical study utilizing molecular dynamics simulations is proposed to explore effects of electric fields of high intensity and very short nanosecond duration applied to the superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD or SOD-1), an important enzyme involved in the cellular antioxidant defence mechanism. The effects of 100-nanosecond pulsed electric fields, with intensities ranging from 108 to 7x108 V/m, on a single SOD1 enzyme are presented. We demonstrated that the lowest intensity of 108 V/m, although not inducing structural changes, can produce electrostatic modifications on the reaction centre of the enzyme, as apparent from the dipolar response and the electric field distribution of the protein active site. Electric pulses above 5x108 V/m produced a fast transition between the folded and a partially denatured state, as inferred by the secondary structures analysis. Finally, for the highest field intensity used (7x108 V/m), a not reversible transition toward an unfolded state was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena della Valle
- BioElectronic Vision Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Olga Pakhomova
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Chiapperino MA, Bia P, Caratelli D, Gielis J, Mescia L, Dermol‐Černe J, Miklavčič D. Nonlinear Dispersive Model of Electroporation for Irregular Nucleated Cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:331-342. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Bia
- Department of Design SolutionElettronica S.p.ARome Italy
| | - Diego Caratelli
- Antenna Division, the Antenna CompanyHigh Tech CampusEindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Johan Gielis
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of AntwerpAntwerp Belgium
| | - Luciano Mescia
- Department of Electrical and Information EngineeringPolytechnic University of BariBari Italy
| | - Janja Dermol‐Černe
- Department of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Department of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana Slovenia
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Ruzgys P, Novickij V, Novickij J, Šatkauskas S. Nanosecond range electric pulse application as a non-viral gene delivery method: proof of concept. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15502. [PMID: 30341389 PMCID: PMC6195529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current electrotransfection protocols are well-established for decades and, as a rule, employ long micro-millisecond range electric field pulses to facilitate DNA transfer while application of nanosecond range pulses is limited. The purpose of this paper is to show that the transfection using ultrashort pulses is possible by regulating the pulse repetition frequency. We have used 200 ns pulses (10-18 kV/cm) in bursts of ten with varied repetition frequency (1 Hz-1 MHz). The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were used as a cell model. Experiments were performed using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase (LUC) coding plasmids. Transfection expression levels were evaluated using flow cytometry or luminometer. It was shown that with the increase of frequency from 100 kHz to 1 MHz, the transfection expression levels increased up to 17% with minimal decrease in cell viability. The LUC coding plasmid was transferred more efficiently using high frequency bursts compared to single pulses of equivalent energy. The first proof of concept for frequency-controlled nanosecond electrotransfection was shown, which can find application as a new non-viral gene delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos g. 8-212, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos g. 8-212, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Paffi A, Camera F, Carocci C, Apollonio F, Liberti M. Stimulation Strategies for Tinnitus Suppression in a Neuron Model. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5215723. [PMID: 30154913 PMCID: PMC6091328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5215723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a debilitating perception of sound in the absence of external auditory stimuli. It may have either a central or a peripheral origin in the cochlea. Experimental studies evidenced that an electrical stimulation of peripheral auditory fibers may alleviate symptoms but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this work, a stochastic neuron model is used, that mimics an auditory fiber affected by tinnitus, to check the effects, in terms of firing reduction, of different kinds of electric stimulations, i.e., continuous wave signals and white Gaussian noise. Results show that both white Gaussian noise and continuous waves at tens of kHz induce a neuronal firing reduction; however, for the same amplitude of fluctuations, Gaussian noise is more efficient than continuous waves. When contemporary applied, signal and noise exhibit a cooperative effect in retrieving neuronal firing to physiological values. These results are a proof of concept that a combination of signal and noise could be delivered through cochlear prosthesis for tinnitus suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Paffi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Camera
- Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Carocci
- Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Liberti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Orcioni S, Paffi A, Camera F, Apollonio F, Liberti M. Automatic decoding of input sinusoidal signal in a neuron model: High pass homomorphic filtering. Neurocomputing 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Novickij V, Švedienė J, Paškevičius A, Markovskaja S, Girkontaitė I, Zinkevičienė A, Lastauskienė E, Novickij J. Pulsed electric field-assisted sensitization of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans to antifungal drugs. Future Microbiol 2017; 13:535-546. [PMID: 29227694 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determine the influence of pH on the inactivation efficiency of Candida albicans in pulsed electric fields (PEF) and evaluate the possibilities for sensitization of a drug-resistant strain to antifungal drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS The effects of PEF (2.5-25 kVcm-1) with fluconazole, terbinafine and naftifine were analyzed at a pH range of 3.0-9.0. Membrane permeabilization was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide. RESULTS PEF induced higher inactivation of C. albicans at low pH and increased sensitivity to terbinafine and naftifine to which the strain was initially resistant. Up to 5 log reduction in cell survival was achieved. CONCLUSION A proof of concept that electroporation can be used to sensitize drug-resistant microorganisms was presented, which is promising for treating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko St 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Švedienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Paškevičius
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Microbiology of the Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Clinics, Santariškių St 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Markovskaja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų ežerų St 49, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių St 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių St 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Lastauskienė
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko St 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Orcioni S, Paffi A, Camera F, Apollonio F, Liberti M. Automatic decoding of input sinusoidal signal in a neuron model: Improved SNR spectrum by low-pass homomorphic filtering. Neurocomputing 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Denzi A, Merla C, Casciola M, Hwang JCM, Cheng X, Apollonio F, Liberti M. Microchambers for cell exposure: from the design to applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:4232-4235. [PMID: 28269216 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the advances in the micro and nano fabrication techniques have led to the development of microdevices that improved the possibility of analysis at cell level. These devices can be used in different applications (e.g., cell detection and identification, manipulation, cell treatments). The requisites, that are necessary to achieve, are different for various applications and represent the starting point of the project. The numerical multiphysics models can be very advantageous to analyze the performances of such devices and to predict their operation. Aim of this work is to give a look of the design rules of microchamber devices in particular for their application in electric field exposure. Two different applications for cell discrimination and characterization are reported considering time and frequency domain measurements.
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Denzi A, Escobar JAA, Nasta C, Merla C, Benassi B, Consales C, Apollonio F, Liberti M. A microdosimetry study for a realistic shaped nucleus. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:4189-4192. [PMID: 28269206 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of ultrashort pulsed electric fields have been investigated demonstrating their capability to be involved in a great number of medical applications (e.g. cancer, gene electrotransfer, drug delivery, electrofusion). In particular, experiments in literature demonstrate that internal structures can be involved when pulse duration is reduced. Up to now, the mechanism that permits the electroporation phenomenon has not been completely understood and hence atomistic, microdosimetry and dosimetry models have been developed to help in this field. Aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of realistically model also the internal organelles to obtain predictive results of effects at sub-cellular level with a microdosimetry model.
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Lu W, Wu K, Hu X, Xie X, Ning J, Wang C, Zhou H, Yang G. Theoretical analysis of transmembrane potential of cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric field. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:231-239. [PMID: 27586355 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1230244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracellular electroporation occurs when the cells are exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF). It is believed the electroporation (formation and extension of pores on the membrane induced by external electric field) is affected significantly by the transmembrane potential. This paper analyzed transmembrane potential induced by nsPEF in the term of pulse frequency spectrum, aiming to provide a theoretical explanation to intracellular bio-effects. METHODS Based on the double-shelled spherical cell model, the frequency dependence of transmembrane potential was obtained by solving Laplace's equation, while the time course of transmembrane potential was obtained by a method combined with discrete Fourier transform and Laplace transform. First-order Debye equation was used to describe the dielectric relaxation of the cell medium. RESULTS Frequency-domain analysis showed that when the electric field frequency was higher than 105 Hz, the transmembrane potential on the organelle membrane (ΔΦo) was increasing to exceed the transmembrane potential on the cellular membrane (ΔΦc). In the time-domain analysis, transmembrane potentials induced by four nsPEF (short trapezoid, long trapezoid, bipolar and sine shapes) with the same field strength were compared with each other. It showed that ΔΦo is obviously larger than ΔΦc if the curve of the normalized frequency spectrum of the pulse is more similar with the curve of normalized ΔΦo in frequency domain. Pulses with major frequency components higher than 108 Hz lead to both small ΔΦo and ΔΦc. This may explain why high power pulsed microwave lead to unobvious bio-effects of cells than nsPEF with trapezoid form. CONCLUSION Through the pulse frequency spectrum it is clearer to understand the relationship between nsPEF and the transmembrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Ke Wu
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- b Laboratory of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangdong Xie
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Ning
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- b Laboratory of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Guoshan Yang
- a Laboratory of Health Physics , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
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16
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Exploring the Applicability of Nano-Poration for Remote Control in Smart Drug Delivery Systems. J Membr Biol 2016; 250:31-40. [PMID: 27561639 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Smart drug delivery systems represent an interesting tool to significantly improve the efficiency and the precision in the treatment of a broad category of diseases. In this context, a drug delivery mediated by nanosecond pulsed electric fields seems a promising technique, allowing for a controlled release and uptake of drugs by the synergy between the electropulsation and nanocarriers with encapsulated drugs. The main concern about the use of electroporation for drug delivery applications is the difference in dimension between the liposome (nanometer range) and the cell (micrometer range). The choice of liposome dimension is not trivial. Liposomes larger than 500 nm of diameter could be recognized as pathogen agents by the immune system, while liposomes of smaller size would require external electric field of high amplitudes for the membrane electroporation that could compromise the cell viability. The aim of this work is to theoretically study the possibility of a simultaneous cell and liposomes electroporation. The numerical simulations reported the possibility to electroporate the cell and a significant percentage of liposomes with comparable values of external electric field, when a 12 nsPEF is used.
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Denzi A, Camera F, Merla C, Benassi B, Consales C, Paffi A, Apollonio F, Liberti M. A Microdosimetric Study of Electropulsation on Multiple Realistically Shaped Cells: Effect of Neighbours. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:691-701. [PMID: 27318672 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the effects of ultrashort-pulsed electric fields have been used to investigate their action in many medical applications (e.g. cancer, gene electrotransfer, drug delivery, electrofusion). Promising aspects of these pulses has led to several in vitro and in vivo experiments to clarify their action. Since the basic mechanisms of these pulses have not yet been fully clarified, scientific interest has focused on the development of numerical models at different levels of complexity: atomic (molecular dynamic simulations), microscopic (microdosimetry) and macroscopic (dosimetry). The aim of this work is to demonstrate that, in order to predict results at the cellular level, an accurate microdosimetry model is needed using a realistic cell shape, and with their position and packaging (cell density) characterised inside the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Denzi
- Center for Life Nano Science at Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication (DIET), Italian Inter-University Centre of Electromagnetic Fields and Bio-Systems (ICEmB), University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Camera
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication (DIET), Italian Inter-University Centre of Electromagnetic Fields and Bio-Systems (ICEmB), University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy.,Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication (DIET), Italian Inter-University Centre of Electromagnetic Fields and Bio-Systems (ICEmB), University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication (DIET), Italian Inter-University Centre of Electromagnetic Fields and Bio-Systems (ICEmB), University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication (DIET), Italian Inter-University Centre of Electromagnetic Fields and Bio-Systems (ICEmB), University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00184, Rome, Italy.
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Denzi A, Merla C, Palego C, Paffi A, Ning Y, Multari CR, Cheng X, Apollonio F, Hwang JCM, Liberti M. Assessment of Cytoplasm Conductivity by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:1595-603. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2399250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Paffi A, Liberti M, Apollonio F, Sheppard A, Balzano Q. In vitro exposure: Linear and non-linear thermodynamic events in Petri dishes. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:527-37. [PMID: 25995097 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an electromagnetic-thermal analysis of Petri dishes filled with different medium volumes under different radio frequency exposure conditions with the aim of identifying linear and non-linear parameters that might explain contradictory results of many in vitro bioelectromagnetic experiments. We found that power loss density and temperature depend on shape, size, and orientation of the exposed sample with respect to direction of incident energy, showing that the liquid medium acts as a receiving antenna. In addition, we investigated the possibility of convection from thermodynamic principles within the liquid medium. For a 35 mm diameter Petri dish, a 2 or 4 ml medium volume is too small to support vertical convection. Conversely, horizontal convective motion is possible for H-polarization exposures at 1.8 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Paffi
- ICEmB (Italian Interuniversity Center Electromagnetic Field and Biosystems) at "La Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- ICEmB (Italian Interuniversity Center Electromagnetic Field and Biosystems) at "La Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- ICEmB (Italian Interuniversity Center Electromagnetic Field and Biosystems) at "La Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Quirino Balzano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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20
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Paffi A, Camera F, Apollonio F, d'Inzeo G, Liberti M. Restoring the encoding properties of a stochastic neuron model by an exogenous noise. Front Comput Neurosci 2015; 9:42. [PMID: 25999845 PMCID: PMC4422033 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we evaluate the possibility of improving the encoding properties of an impaired neuronal system by superimposing an exogenous noise to an external electric stimulation signal. The approach is based on the use of mathematical neuron models consisting of stochastic HH-like circuit, where the impairment of the endogenous presynaptic inputs is described as a subthreshold injected current and the exogenous stimulation signal is a sinusoidal voltage perturbation across the membrane. Our results indicate that a correlated Gaussian noise, added to the sinusoidal signal can significantly increase the encoding properties of the impaired system, through the Stochastic Resonance (SR) phenomenon. These results suggest that an exogenous noise, suitably tailored, could improve the efficacy of those stimulation techniques used in neuronal systems, where the presynaptic sensory neurons are impaired and have to be artificially bypassed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Italian Inter-University Center for the Study of Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Camera
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Italian Inter-University Center for the Study of Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Italian Inter-University Center for the Study of Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems Genova, Italy
| | - Guglielmo d'Inzeo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Italian Inter-University Center for the Study of Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems Genova, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ; Italian Inter-University Center for the Study of Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems Genova, Italy
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21
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Camera F, Paffi A, Thomas AW, Apollonio F, D'Inzeo G, Prato FS, Liberti M. The CNP signal is able to silence a supra threshold neuronal model. Front Comput Neurosci 2015; 9:44. [PMID: 25972807 PMCID: PMC4412122 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental results published in the literature showed that weak pulsed magnetic fields affected the response of the central nervous system. However, the specific biological mechanisms that regulate the observed behaviors are still unclear and further scientific investigation is required. In this work we performed simulations on a neuronal network model exposed to a specific pulsed magnetic field signal that seems to be very effective in modulating the brain activity: the Complex Neuroelectromagnetic Pulse (CNP). Results show that CNP can silence the neurons of a feed-forward network for signal intensities that depend on the strength of the bias current, the endogenous noise level and the specific waveforms of the pulses. Therefore, it is conceivable that a neuronal network model responds to the CNP signal with an inhibition of its activity. Further studies on more realistic neuronal networks are needed to clarify if such an inhibitory effect on neuronal tissue may be the basis of the induced analgesia seen in humans and the antinociceptive effects seen in animals when exposed to the CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camera
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Alex W Thomas
- Bioelectromagnetics Group, Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute London, ON, Canada
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo D'Inzeo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Frank S Prato
- Bioelectromagnetics Group, Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute London, ON, Canada
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
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Reale R, English NJ, Garate JA, Marracino P, Liberti M, Apollonio F. Human aquaporin 4 gating dynamics under and after nanosecond-scale static and alternating electric-field impulses: A molecular dynamics study of field effects and relaxation. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:205101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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A numerical study to compare stimulations by intraoperative microelectrodes and chronic macroelectrodes in the DBS technique. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:262739. [PMID: 24222899 PMCID: PMC3814092 DOI: 10.1155/2013/262739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a clinical technique for the treatment of parkinson's disease based on the electric stimulation, through an implanted electrode, of specific basal ganglia in the brain. To identify the correct target of stimulation and to choose the optimal parameters for the stimulating signal, intraoperative microelectrodes are generally used. However, when they are replaced with the chronic macroelectrode, the effect of the stimulation is often very different. Here, we used numerical simulations to predict the stimulation of neuronal fibers induced by microelectrodes and macroelectrodes placed in different positions with respect to each other. Results indicate that comparable stimulations can be obtained if the chronic macroelectrode is correctly positioned with the same electric center of the intraoperative microelectrode. Otherwise, some groups of fibers may experience a completely different electric stimulation.
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Paffi A, Apollonio F, d'Inzeo G, Liberti M. Stochastic resonance induced by exogenous noise in a model of a neuronal network. NETWORK (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2013; 24:99-113. [PMID: 23654221 DOI: 10.3109/0954898x.2013.793849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the possibility of using exogenous noise to restore the processing performances of neuronal systems where the endogenous noise is reduced due to the ageing or to degenerative diseases. This idea is based on the assumption, supported by theoretical studies, that the endogenous noise has a positive role in neuronal signal detection and that its reduction impairs the system function. Results, obtained on a two-layers feedforward network, show the onset of the Stochastic Resonance (SR) behavior, as long as the exogenous noise is properly tailored and filtered. The amount of noise to be furnished from the outside to optimize the system performance depends on the residual level of endogenous noise, indicating that both kinds of noise cooperate to the signal detection. These results support potentially new bioengineering applications where exogenous noise is furnished to enhance signal detectability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Paffi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Via Eudossiana 18, 0184 Rome, Italy.
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