1
|
Albérola G, Bellard E, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Guard J, Golzio M, Rols MP. Fibroblasts transfection by electroporation in 3D reconstructed human dermal tissue. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108670. [PMID: 38364517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms involved in DNA electrotransfer in human skin remains modest and limits the clinical development of various biomedical applications, such as DNA vaccination. To elucidate some mechanisms of DNA transfer in the skin following electroporation, we created a model of the dermis using a tissue engineering approach. This model allowed us to study the electrotransfection of fibroblasts in a three-dimensional environment that included multiple layers of fibroblasts as well as the self-secreted collagen matrix. With the aim of improving transfection yield, we applied electrical pulses with electric field lines perpendicular to the reconstructed model tissue. Our results indicate that the fibroblasts of the reconstructed skin tissue can be efficiently permeabilized by applied millisecond electrical pulses. However, despite efficient permeabilization, the transfected cells remain localized only on the surface of the microtissue, to which the plasmid was deposited. Second harmonic generation microscopy revealed the extensive extracellular collagen matrix around the fibroblasts, which might have affected the mobility of the plasmid into deeper layers of the skin tissue model. Our results show that the used skin tissue model reproduces the structural barriers that might be responsible for the limited gene electrotransfer in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Albérola
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Jorgan Guard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kougkolos G, Laudebat L, Dinculescu S, Simon J, Golzio M, Valdez-Nava Z, Flahaut E. Skin electroporation for transdermal drug delivery: Electrical measurements, numerical model and molecule delivery. J Control Release 2024; 367:235-247. [PMID: 38244842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Skin electroporation for drug delivery involves the application of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs) on the skin to disrupt its barrier function in a temporary and non-invasive manner, increasing the uptake of drugs. It represents a potential alternative to delivery methods that are invasive (e.g. injections) or limited. We have developed a drug delivery system comprising nanocomposite hydrogels which act as a reservoir for the drug and an electrode for applying electric pulses on the skin. In this study, we employed a multi-scale approach to investigate the drug delivery system on a mouse skin model, through electrical measurements, numerical modeling and fluorescence microscopy. The Electrical properties indicated a highly non-linear skin conductivity behavior and were used to fine-tune the simulations and study skin recovery after electroporation. Simulation of electric field distribution in the skin showed amplitudes in the range of reversible tissue electroporation (400-1200 V/cm), for 300 V PEF. Fluorescence microscopy revealed increased uptake of fluorescent molecules compared to the non-pulsed control. We reported two reversible electroporation domains for our configuration: (1) at 100 V PEF the first local transport regions appear in the extracellular lipids of the stratum corneum, demonstrated by a rapid increase in the skin's conductivity and an increased uptake of lucifer yellow, a small hydrophilic fluorophore and (2) at 300 V PEF, the first permeabilization of nucleated cells occurred, evidenced by the increased fluorescence of propidium iodide, a membrane-impermeable, DNA intercalating agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kougkolos
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France; LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France
| | - Lionel Laudebat
- LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France; INU Champollion, Université de Toulouse, Albi 81012, France
| | - Sorin Dinculescu
- LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France
| | - Juliette Simon
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France; IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 4 31077, France.
| | - Zarel Valdez-Nava
- LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX 9 31062, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Footner E, Firipis K, Liu E, Baker C, Foley P, Kapsa RMI, Pirogova E, O'Connell C, Quigley A. Layer-by-Layer Analysis of In Vitro Skin Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5933-5952. [PMID: 37791888 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro human skin models are evolving into versatile platforms for the study of skin biology and disorders. These models have many potential applications in the fields of drug testing and safety assessment, as well as cosmetic and new treatment development. The development of in vitro skin models that accurately mimic native human skin can reduce reliance on animal models and also allow for more precise, clinically relevant testing. Recent advances in biofabrication techniques and biomaterials have led to the creation of increasingly complex, multilayered skin models that incorporate important functional components of skin, such as the skin barrier, mechanical properties, pigmentation, vasculature, hair follicles, glands, and subcutaneous layer. This improved ability to recapitulate the functional aspects of native skin enhances the ability to model the behavior and response of native human skin, as the complex interplay of cell-to-cell and cell-to-material interactions are incorporated. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in in vitro skin models, with a focus on their applications, limitations, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Footner
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Kate Firipis
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Emily Liu
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Chris Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Peter Foley
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Cathal O'Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sachdev S, Potočnik T, Rems L, Miklavčič D. Revisiting the role of pulsed electric fields in overcoming the barriers to in vivo gene electrotransfer. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:107994. [PMID: 34930678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are revolutionizing medicine by providing a way to cure hitherto incurable diseases. The scientific and technological advances have enabled the first gene therapies to become clinically approved. In addition, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing record speeds in the development and distribution of gene-based vaccines. For gene therapy to take effect, the therapeutic nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) need to overcome several barriers before they can execute their function of producing a protein or silencing a defective or overexpressing gene. This includes the barriers of the interstitium, the cell membrane, the cytoplasmic barriers and (in case of DNA) the nuclear envelope. Gene electrotransfer (GET), i.e., transfection by means of pulsed electric fields, is a non-viral technique that can overcome these barriers in a safe and effective manner. GET has reached the clinical stage of investigations where it is currently being evaluated for its therapeutic benefits across a wide variety of indications. In this review, we formalize our current understanding of GET from a biophysical perspective and critically discuss the mechanisms by which electric field can aid in overcoming the barriers. We also identify the gaps in knowledge that are hindering optimization of GET in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaurya Sachdev
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Potočnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Rems
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gouarderes S, Marches A, Vicendo P, Fourquaux I, Simon M, Merbahi N, Gibot L. Cold helium plasma jet does not stimulate collagen remodeling in a 3D human dermal substitute. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 143:107985. [PMID: 34735915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is an emerging physical approach displaying encouraging antitumor and wound healing effects both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we assessed the potential of direct CAP to remodel skin collagens using an original tissue-engineered human dermal substitute model rich in endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) covered with 600 µl of culture medium and treated with CAP for 30 and 120 s. Our results indicated that Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) such as H2O2, NO3- and NO2- were produced in the medium during treatment. It appeared that in the CAP-treated dermal substitutes 1) cell viability was not altered, 2) pro-collagen I secretion was not modified over 48 h of culture after treatment, 3) global activity of matrix metalloproteinases MMPs was not modulated over 48 h after treatment, and 4) no change in hydroxyproline content was observed over 5 days after treatment. In order to confirm the efficiency of our device, we showed that the plasma-activated culture medium induced cell apoptosis and growth delay using a 3D human tumor spheroid model. In conclusion, no effect of direct CAP treatment was monitored on dermal ECM production and degradation, indicating that CAP does not stimulate collagen remodeling at the tissue scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gouarderes
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Aurélie Marches
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Toulouse University, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Laplace UMR CNRS 5213, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Isabelle Fourquaux
- Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, CMEAB, 133 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Simon
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Toulouse University, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nofel Merbahi
- Laplace UMR CNRS 5213, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France.
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gouarderes S, Ober C, Doumard L, Dandurand J, Vicendo P, Fourquaux I, Golberg A, Samouillan V, Gibot L. Pulsed electric fields induce extracellular matrix remodeling through MMPs activation and decreased collagen production. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1326-1337.e9. [PMID: 34688615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gouarderes
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Camille Ober
- CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Layal Doumard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Jany Dandurand
- CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Isabelle Fourquaux
- Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie, CMEAB, 133 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Valérie Samouillan
- CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meglič SH, Pavlin M. The impact of impaired DNA mobility on gene electrotransfer efficiency: analysis in 3D model. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:85. [PMID: 34419072 PMCID: PMC8379608 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene electrotransfer is an established method that enables transfer of DNA into cells with electric pulses. Several studies analyzed and optimized different parameters of gene electrotransfer, however, one of main obstacles toward efficient electrotransfection in vivo is relatively poor DNA mobility in tissues. Our aim was to analyze the effect of impaired mobility on gene electrotransfer efficiency experimentally and theoretically. We applied electric pulses with different durations on plated cells, cells grown on collagen layer and cells embedded in collagen gel (3D model) and analyzed gene electrotransfer efficiency. In order to analyze the effect of impaired mobility on gene electrotransfer efficiency, we applied electric pulses with different durations on plated cells, cells grown on collagen layer and cells embedded in collagen gel (3D model) and analyzed gene electrotransfer efficiency. Results We obtained the highest transfection in plated cells, while transfection efficiency of embedded cells in 3D model was lowest, similarly as in in vivo. To further analyze DNA diffusion in 3D model, we applied DNA on top or injected it into 3D model and showed, that for the former gene electrotransfer efficiency was similarly as in in vivo. The experimental results are explained with theoretical analysis of DNA diffusion and electromobility. Conclusion We show, empirically and theoretically that DNA has impaired electromobility and especially diffusion in collagen environment, where the latter crucially limits electrotransfection. Our model enables optimization of gene electrotransfer in in vitro conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saša Haberl Meglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sieni E, Bazzolo B, Pieretti F, Zamuner A, Tasso A, Dettin M, Conconi MT. Breast cancer cells grown on hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds as 3D in vitro model for electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107626. [PMID: 32784105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, electroporation (EP) represents a promising method for the intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs. To setting up the process, the EP efficiency is usually evaluated by using cell suspension and adherent cell cultures that are not representative of the in vivo conditions. Indeed, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) whose composition and physical characteristics are different for each tissue. So, various three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, such as spheroids and hydrogel-based cultures, have been proposed to mimic the tumour microenvironment. Herein, a 3D breast cancer in vitro model has been proposed. HCC1954 cells were seeded on crosslinked and lyophilized matrices composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and ionic complementary self-assembling peptides (SAPs) already known to provide a fibrous structure mimicking collagen network. Herein, SAPs were functionalized with laminin derived IKVAV adhesion motif. Cultures were characterized by spheroids surrounded by ECM produced by cancer cells as demonstrated by collagen1a1 and laminin B1 transcripts. EP was carried out on both 2D and 3D cultures: a sequence of 8 voltage pulses at 5 kHz with different amplitude was applied using a plate electrode. Cell sensitivity to EP seemed to be modulated by the presence of ECM and the different cell organization. Indeed, cells cultured on HA-IKVAV were more sensitive than those treated in 2D and HA cultures, in terms of both cell membrane permeabilization and viability. Collectively, our results suggest that HA-IKVAV cultures may represent an interesting model for EP studies. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the influence of ECM composition on EP efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Bianca Bazzolo
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pieretti
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Annj Zamuner
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tasso
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gouarderes S, Doumard L, Vicendo P, Mingotaud AF, Rols MP, Gibot L. Electroporation does not affect human dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration properties directly but indirectly via the secretome. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107531. [PMID: 32335353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aesthetic wound healing is often experienced by patients after electrochemotherapy. We hypothesized that pulsed electric fields applied during electrochemotherapy (ECT) or gene electrotransfer (GET) protocols could stimulate proliferation and migration of human cutaneous cells, as described in protocols for electrostimulation of wound healing. We used videomicroscopy to monitor and quantify in real time primary human dermal fibroblast behavior when exposed in vitro to ECT and GET electric parameters, in terms of survival, proliferation and migration in a calibrated scratch wound assay. Distinct electric field intensities were applied to allow gradient in cell electropermeabilization while maintaining reversible permeabilization conditions, in order to mimic in vivo heterogeneous electric field distribution of complex tissues. Neither galvanotaxis nor statistical modification of fibroblast migration were observed in a calibrated scratch wound assay after application of ECT and GET parameters. The only effect on proliferation was observed under the strongest GET conditions, which drastically reduced the number of fibroblasts through induction of mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. Finally, we found that 24 h-conditioned cell culture medium by electrically stressed fibroblasts tended to increase the migration properties of cells that were not exposed to electric field. RT-qPCR array indicated that several growth factor transcripts were strongly modified after electroporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gouarderes
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Layal Doumard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dermol-Černe J, Pirc E, Miklavčič D. Mechanistic view of skin electroporation - models and dosimetry for successful applications: an expert review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:689-704. [PMID: 32192364 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1745772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Skin electroporation is a promising treatment for transdermal drug delivery, gene electrotransfer, skin rejuvenation, electrochemotherapy, and wound disinfection. Although a considerable amount of in vitro and in vivo studies exists, the translation to clinics is not as fast as one would hope. We hypothesize the reason lies in the inadequate dosimetry, i.e. electrode configurations, pulse parameters, and pulse generators used. We suggest adequate dosimetry can be determined by mathematical modeling which would allow comparison of protocols and facilitate translation into clinics.Areas covered: We introduce the mechanisms and applications of skin electroporation, present existing mathematical models and compare the influence of different model parameters. We review electrodes and pulse generators, prototypes, as well as commercially available models.Expert opinion: The reasons for slow translation of skin electroporation treatments into clinics lie in uncontrolled and inadequate dosimetry, poor reporting rendering comparisons between studies difficult, and significant differences in animal and human skin morphology often dismissed in reports. Mathematical models enable comparison of studies, however, when the parameters of the pulses and electrode configuration are not adequately reported, as is often the case, comparisons are difficult, if not impossible. For each skin electroporation treatment, systematic studies determining optimal parameters should be performed and treatment parameters standardized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janja Dermol-Černe
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Pirc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gibot L, Golzio M, Rols MP. How Imaging Membrane and Cell Processes Involved in Electropermeabilization Can Improve Its Development in Cell Biology and in Clinics. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 227:107-118. [PMID: 28980043 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes can be transiently permeabilized under the application of electric pulses. This process, called electropermeabilization or electroporation, allows hydrophilic molecules, such as anticancer drugs and DNA, to enter into cells and tissues. The method is nowadays used in clinics to treat cancers. Vaccination and gene therapy are other fields of application of DNA electrotransfer. A description of the mechanisms can be assayed by using different complementary systems with increasing complexities (models of membranes, cells cultivated in 2D and 3D culture named spheroids, and tissues in living mice) and different microscopy tools to visualize the processes from single molecules to entire animals. Single-cell imaging experiments revealed that the uptake of molecules (nucleic acids, antitumor drugs) takes place in well-defined membrane regions and depends on their chemical and physical properties (size, charge). If small molecules freely cross the electropermeabilized membrane and have a free access to the cytoplasm, larger molecules, such as plasmid DNA, face physical barriers (plasma membrane, cytoplasm crowding, nuclear envelope) which reduce transfection efficiency and engender a complex mechanism of transfer. Gene electrotransfer indeed involves different steps that include the initial interaction with the membrane, its crossing, transport within the cytoplasm, and finally gene expression. In vivo, additional very important effects of electric pulses are present such as blood flow modifications. The full knowledge on the way molecules are transported across the electropermeabilized membranes and within tissues is mandatory to improve the efficacy and the safety of the electropermeabilization process both in cell biology and in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gibot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen H, Wang X, Han J, Fan Z, Sadia S, Zhang R, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wu Y. AKT and its related molecular feature in aged mice skin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178969. [PMID: 28591208 PMCID: PMC5462418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that Akt signaling promotes tissue regeneration and decreased Akt activities are found in aged tissues. However, this study finds that the expression and activation levels of Akt in the mice skin increased with age. Additionally, the expression levels of Pten, p16, p21 and p53 also elevated with increased age. Immuno-fluorescence analysis showed that Akt phosphorylation found in the epidermal cells (with increased levels of NF-κB activation) were also found. In vivo inhibition of AKT activity result in reduced NF-κB activation. Our results suggest that increasing Akt/ NF-κB is a crucial mediator of skin aging, which can increase the susceptibility of cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jimin Han
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimeng Fan
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sobia Sadia
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingsheng Guo
- The Second People’s Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (YJW); (YYJ)
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (YJW); (YYJ)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pillet F, Gibot L, Madi M, Rols MP, Dague E. Importance of endogenous extracellular matrix in biomechanical properties of human skin model. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025017. [PMID: 28493850 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6ed5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties of cells modulate their behavior such proliferation rate, migration and extracellular matrix remodeling. In order to study cell behavior in a tissue-like environment in vitro, it is of utmost importance to develop biologically and physically relevant 3D cell models. Here, we characterized the physical properties of a single cell type growing in configurations of increasing complexity. From one human skin biopsy, primary dermal fibroblasts were isolated and seeded to give monolayer (2D model), spheroid (3D model poor in extracellular matrix) and tissue-engineered cell sheet (3D model rich in endogenous extracellular matrix). Living native human dermis tissue was used as a gold standard. Nanomechanical and viscoelastic properties at the cell scale were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while biphoton microscopy allowed collagen detection by second harmonic generation and scanning electron microscopy helped in model morphological characterization. In all models, fibroblasts presented a similar typical elongated cell shape, with a cytoskeleton well-arranged along the long axis of the cell. However, elastic moduli of the tissue-engineered cell sheet and native dermis tissue were similar and statistically lower than monolayer and spheroid models. We successfully carried out AFM force measurements on 3D models such as spheroids and tissue-engineered cell sheets, as well as on living native human tissue. We demonstrated that a tissue-engineered dermal model recapitulates the mechanical properties of human native dermal tissue unlike the classically used monolayer and spheroid models. Furthermore, we give statistical evidence to indicate a correlation between cell mechanical properties and the presence of collagens in the models studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Pillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gibot L, Galbraith T, Bourland J, Rogic A, Skobe M, Auger FA. Tissue-engineered 3D human lymphatic microvascular network for in vitro studies of lymphangiogenesis. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1077-1088. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|