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Liang C, Zhang CQ, Chen X, Wang LK, Yue J, An N, Zhang L, Liu SY, Yang H. Differential Expression Hallmarks of Interneurons in Different Types of Focal Cortical Dysplasia. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:796-805. [PMID: 32036579 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the main cause of medically intractable pediatric epilepsy. Previous studies have suggested that alteration of cortical interneurons and abnormal cytoarchitecture have been linked to initiation and development for seizure. However, whether each individual subpopulation of cortical interneurons is linked to distinct FCD subtypes remains largely unknown. Here, we retrospectively analyzed both control samples and epileptic specimens pathologically diagnosed with FCD types Ia, IIa, or IIb. We quantified three major interneuron (IN) subpopulations, including parvalbumin (PV)-, somatostatin (Sst)-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip)-positive INs across all the subgroups. Additionally, we calculated the ratio of the subpopulations of INs to the major INs (mINs) by defining the total number of the PV-, Sst-, and Vip-INs as mINs. Compared with the control, the density of the PV-INs in FCD type IIb was significantly lower, and the ratio of PV/mINs was lower in the superficial part of the cortex of the FCD type Ia and IIb groups. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the ratio of Vip/mINs only in FCD type IIb. Overall, these results suggest that in addition to a reduction in PV-INs, the increase in Vip/mINs may be related to the initiation of epilepsy in FCD type IIb. Furthermore, the increase in Vip/mINs in FCD type IIb may, from the IN development perspective, indicate that FCD type IIb forms during earlier stages of pregnancy than FCD type Ia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No.270 Rongdu Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Kang Wang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Yue
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning An
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Barros FS, Marussi VHR, Amaral LLF, da Rocha AJ, Campos CMS, Freitas LF, Huisman TAGM, Soares BP. The Rare Neurocutaneous Disorders: Update on Clinical, Molecular, and Neuroimaging Features. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 27:433-462. [PMID: 30516694 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phakomatoses, also known as neurocutaneous disorders, comprise a vast number of entities that predominantly affect structures originated from the ectoderm such as the central nervous system and the skin, but also the mesoderm, particularly the vascular system. Extensive literature exists about the most common phakomatoses, namely neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau and Sturge-Weber syndrome. However, recent developments in the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of less common phakomatoses have sparked interest in these disorders. In this article, we review the clinical features, current pathogenesis, and modern neuroimaging findings of melanophakomatoses, vascular phakomatoses, and other rare neurocutaneous syndromes that may also include tissue overgrowth or neoplastic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Barros
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Victor Hugo R Marussi
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Lázaro L F Amaral
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Antônio José da Rocha
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane M S Campos
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Leonardo F Freitas
- Division of Neuroradiology, BP Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bruno P Soares
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Umino M, Maeda M, Ii Y, Tomimoto H, Sakuma H. 3D double inversion recovery MR imaging: Clinical applications and usefulness in a wide spectrum of central nervous system diseases. J Neuroradiol 2018; 46:107-116. [PMID: 30016704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Double inversion recovery (DIR) imaging provides two inversion pulses that attenuate signals from cerebrospinal fluid and normal white matter. This review was undertaken to describe the principle of the DIR sequence, the clinical applications of 3D DIR in various central nervous system diseases and the clinical benefits of the 3D DIR compared with those of other MR sequences. 3D DIR imaging provides better lesion conspicuity and topography than other MR techniques. It is particularly useful for diagnosing the following disease entities: cortical and subcortical abnormalities such as multiple sclerosis, cortical microinfarcts and cortical development anomalies; sulcal abnormalities such as meningitis and subacute/chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage; and optic neuritis caused by multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Umino
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507 Tsu, Mie, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Maeda
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic Imaging, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ii
- Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakuma
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, 514-8507 Tsu, Mie, Japan
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