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Ulger O, Eş I, Proctor CM, Algin O. Stroke studies in large animals: Prospects of mitochondrial transplantation and enhancing efficiency using hydrogels and nanoparticle-assisted delivery. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102469. [PMID: 39191353 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the most frequent reasons for mortality and disability today is acute ischemic stroke, which occurs by an abrupt disruption of cerebral circulation. The intricate damage mechanism involves several factors, such as inflammatory response, disturbance of ion balance, loss of energy production, excessive reactive oxygen species and glutamate release, and finally, neuronal death. Stroke research is now carried out using several experimental models and potential therapeutics. Furthermore, studies are being conducted to address the shortcomings of clinical care. A great deal of research is being done on novel pharmacological drugs, mitochondria targeting compounds, and different approaches including brain cooling and new technologies. Still, there are many unanswered questions about disease modeling and treatment strategies. Before these new approaches may be used in therapeutic settings, they must first be tested on large animals, as most of them have been done on rodents. However, there are several limitations to large animal stroke models used for research. In this review, the damage mechanisms in acute ischemic stroke and experimental acute ischemic stroke models are addressed. The current treatment approaches and promising experimental methods such as mitochondrial transplantation, hydrogel-based interventions, and strategies like mitochondria encapsulation and chemical modification, are also examined in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkiye; Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkiye.
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christopher M Proctor
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Oktay Algin
- Interventional MR Clinical R&D Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye; Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye; National MR Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkiye
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2
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Pereira M, Pinto J, Arteaga B, Guerra A, Jorge RN, Monteiro FJ, Salgado CL. A Comprehensive Look at In Vitro Angiogenesis Image Analysis Software. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17625. [PMID: 38139453 PMCID: PMC10743557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the complex challenges faced presently by tissue engineering (TE) is the development of vascularized constructs that accurately mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue in which they are inserted to promote vessel growth and, consequently, wound healing and tissue regeneration. TE technique is characterized by several stages, starting from the choice of cell culture and the more appropriate scaffold material that can adequately support and supply them with the necessary biological cues for microvessel development. The next step is to analyze the attained microvasculature, which is reliant on the available labeling and microscopy techniques to visualize the network, as well as metrics employed to characterize it. These are usually attained with the use of software, which has been cited in several works, although no clear standard procedure has been observed to promote the reproduction of the cell response analysis. The present review analyzes not only the various steps previously described in terms of the current standards for evaluation, but also surveys some of the available metrics and software used to quantify networks, along with the detection of analysis limitations and future improvements that could lead to considerable progress for angiogenesis evaluation and application in TE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Pinto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Belén Arteaga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Av. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guerra
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Renato Natal Jorge
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
- LAETA—Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- PCCC—Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Laranjo Salgado
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Sandell M, Chireh A, Spyrou A, Grankvist R, Al-Saadi J, Jonsson S, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G, Holmin S, Roxhed N. Endovascular Device for Endothelial Cell Sampling. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sandell
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Arvin Chireh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Argyris Spyrou
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Rikard Grankvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stefan Jonsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvägen 23 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
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Shaw BC, Maglinger GB, Ujas T, Rupareliya C, Fraser JF, Grupke S, Kesler M, Gelderblom M, Pennypacker KR, Turchan-Cholewo J, Stowe AM. Isolation and identification of leukocyte populations in intracranial blood collected during mechanical thrombectomy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:280-291. [PMID: 34250820 PMCID: PMC8795221 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211028496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Using standard techniques during mechanical thrombectomy, the Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC) protocol (NCT03153683) isolates intracranial arterial blood distal to the thrombus and proximal systemic blood in the carotid artery. We augmented the current protocol to study leukocyte subpopulations both distal and proximal to the thrombus during human stroke (n = 16 patients), and from patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) undergoing angiography for unrelated conditions (e.g. carotid artery stenosis; n = 12 patients). We isolated leukocytes for flow cytometry from small volume (<1 mL) intracranial blood and systemic blood (5-10 mL) to identify adaptive and innate leukocyte populations, in addition to platelets and endothelial cells (ECs). Intracranial blood exhibited significant increases in T cell representation and decreases in myeloid/macrophage representation compared to within-patient carotid artery samples. CD4+ T cells and classical dendritic cells were significantly lower than CVD controls and correlated to within-patient edema volume and last known normal. This novel protocol successfully isolates leukocytes from small volume intracranial blood samples of stroke patients at time of mechanical thrombectomy and can be used to confirm preclinical results, as well as identify novel targets for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Shaw
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Thomas Ujas
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Chintan Rupareliya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Stephen Grupke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Melissa Kesler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Jadwiga Turchan-Cholewo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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2018/2019. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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AlJanahi AA, Danielsen M, Dunbar CE. An Introduction to the Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Data. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 10:189-196. [PMID: 30094294 PMCID: PMC6072887 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of single-cell RNA sequencing has deepened our understanding of the cell as a functional unit, providing new insights based on gene expression profiles of hundreds to hundreds of thousands of individual cells, and revealing new populations of cells with distinct gene expression profiles previously hidden within analyses of gene expression performed on bulk cell populations. However, appropriate analysis and utilization of the massive amounts of data generated from single-cell RNA sequencing experiments are challenging and require an understanding of the experimental and computational pathways taken between preparation of input cells and output of interpretable data. In this review, we will discuss the basic principles of these new technologies, focusing on concepts important in the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Specifically, we summarize approaches to quality-control measures for determination of which single cells to include for further examination, methods of data normalization and scaling to overcome the relatively inefficient capture rate of mRNA from each cell, and clustering and visualization algorithms used for dimensional reduction of the data to a two-dimensional plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A. AlJanahi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Danielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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