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Jiang W, He J, Babla M, Wu T, Tong T, Riaz A, Zeng F, Qin Y, Chen G, Deng F, Chen ZH. Molecular evolution and interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with H+-ATPases in plant abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:689-707. [PMID: 37864845 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses severely affect plant growth and crop productivity. Regulated by 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s), H+-ATPases (AHAs) are important proton pumps that can induce diverse secondary transport via channels and co-transporters for the abiotic stress response of plants. Many studies demonstrated the roles of 14-3-3s and AHAs in coordinating the processes of plant growth, phytohormone signaling, and stress responses. However, the molecular evolution of 14-3-3s and AHAs has not been summarized in parallel with evolutionary insights across multiple plant species. Here, we comprehensively review the roles of 14-3-3s and AHAs in cell signaling to enhance plant responses to diverse environmental stresses. We analyzed the molecular evolution of key proteins and functional domains that are associated with 14-3-3s and AHAs in plant growth and hormone signaling. The results revealed evolution, duplication, contraction, and expansion of 14-3-3s and AHAs in green plants. We also discussed the stress-specific expression of those 14-3-3and AHA genes in a eudicotyledon (Arabidopsis thaliana), a monocotyledon (Hordeum vulgare), and a moss (Physcomitrium patens) under abiotic stresses. We propose that 14-3-3s and AHAs respond to abiotic stresses through many important targets and signaling components of phytohormones, which could be promising to improve plant tolerance to single or multiple environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jing He
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Mohammad Babla
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Ting Wu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Tao Tong
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Adeel Riaz
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Stéger A, Palmgren M. Hypothesis paper: the development of a regulatory layer in P2B autoinhibited Ca 2+-ATPases may have facilitated plant terrestrialization and animal multicellularization. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2204284. [PMID: 37096591 PMCID: PMC10132250 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2204284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the appearance of plants and animals, new challenges emerged. These multicellular eukaryotes had to solve for example the difficulties of multifaceted communication between cells and adaptation to new habitats. In this paper, we are looking for one piece of the puzzle that made the development of complex multicellular eukaryotes possible with a focus on regulation of P2B autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases. P2B ATPases pump Ca2+ out of the cytosol at the expense of ATP hydrolysis, and thereby maintain a steep gradient between the extra- and intracytosolic compartments which is utilized for Ca2+-mediated rapid cell signaling. The activity of these enzymes is regulated by a calmodulin (CaM)-responsive autoinhibitory region, which can be located in either termini of the protein, at the C-terminus in animals and at the N-terminus in plants. When the cytoplasmic Ca2+ level reaches a threshold, the CaM/Ca2+ complex binds to a calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD) in the autoinhibitor, which leads to the upregulation of pump activity. In animals, protein activity is also controlled by acidic phospholipids that bind to a cytosolic portion of the pump. Here, we analyze the appearance of CaMBDs and the phospholipid-activating sequence and show that their evolution in animals and plants was independent. Furthermore, we hypothesize that different causes may have initiated the appearance of these regulatory layers: in animals, it is linked to the appearance of multicellularity, while in plants it co-occurs with their water-to-land transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Stéger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- CONTACT Michael Palmgren Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, FrederiksbergDK-1871, Denmark
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Zhu R, Cao B, Sun M, Wu J, Li J. Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution of the GRF Gene Family and Functional Characterization of PbGRF18 in Pear. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14690. [PMID: 37834136 PMCID: PMC10572701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins encoded by the G-box regulating factor (GRF, also called 14-3-3) gene family are involved in protein-protein interactions and mediate signaling transduction, which play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, there were no detailed investigations of the GRF gene family in pear at present. In this study, we identified 25 GRF family members in the pear genome. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, the 25 GRF genes were clustered into two groups; the ε group and the non-ε group. Analyses of the exon-intron structures and motifs showed that the gene structures were conserved within each of the ε and non-ε groups. Gene duplication analysis indicated that most of the PbGRF gene expansion that occurred in both groups was due to WGD/segmental duplication. Phosphorylation sites analysis showed that the main phosphorylation sites of PbGRF proteins were serine residues. For gene expression, five PbGRF genes (PbGRF7, PbGRF11, PbGRF16, PbGRF21, and PbGRF23) were highly expressed in fruits, and PbGRF18 was highly expressed in all tissues. Further analysis revealed that eight PbGRF genes were significantly differentially expressed after treatment with different sugars; the expression of PbGRF7, PbGRF8, and PbGRF11 significantly increased, implying the involvement of these genes in sugar signaling. In addition, subcellular localization studies showed that the tested GRF proteins localize to the plasma membrane, and transgenic analysis showed that PbGRF18 can increase the sugar content in tomato leaves and fruit. The results of our research establish a foundation for functional determination of PbGRF proteins, and will help to promote a further understanding of the regulatory network in pear fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (M.S.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Beibei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (M.S.)
| | - Manyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (M.S.)
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (M.S.)
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (M.S.)
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang Z, Quan S, Niu J, Guo C, Kang C, Liu J, Yuan X. Comprehensive Identification and Analyses of the GRF Gene Family in the Whole-Genome of Four Juglandaceae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012663. [PMID: 36293519 PMCID: PMC9604165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The GRF gene family plays an important role in plant growth and development as regulators involved in plant hormone signaling and metabolism. However, the Juglandaceae GRF gene family remains to be studied. Here, we identified 15, 15, 19, and 20 GRF genes in J. regia, C. illinoinensis, J. sigillata, and J. mandshurica, respectively. The phylogeny shows that the Juglandaceae family GRF is divided into two subfamilies, the ε-group and the non-ε-group, and that selection pressure analysis did not detect amino acid loci subject to positive selection pressure. In addition, we found that the duplications of the Juglandaceae family GRF genes were all segmental duplication events, and a total of 79 orthologous gene pairs and one paralogous homologous gene pair were identified in four Juglandaceae families. The Ka/KS ratios between these homologous gene pairs were further analyzed, and the Ka/KS values were all less than 1, indicating that purifying selection plays an important role in the evolution of the Juglandaceae family GRF genes. The codon bias of genes in the GRF family of Juglandaceae species is weak, and is affected by both natural selection pressure and base mutation, and translation selection plays a dominant role in the mutation pressure in codon usage. Finally, expression analysis showed that GRF genes play important roles in pecan embryo development and walnut male and female flower bud development, but with different expression patterns. In conclusion, this study will serve as a rich genetic resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms of flower bud differentiation and embryo development in Juglandaceae. In addition, this is the first study to report the GRF gene family in the Juglandaceae family; therefore, our study will provide guidance for future comparative and functional genomic studies of the GRF gene family in the Juglandaceae specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Shaowen Quan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jianxin Niu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Caihua Guo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
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