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Liu M, Liu Z, Huang F, Chen H, Yang Z, Zhu Z. A high-calcium environment induced ectopic calcification of renal interstitial fibroblasts via TFPI-2-DCHS1-ALP/ENPP1 axis to participate in Randall's plaque formation. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:122. [PMID: 39196305 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Randall's plaques (RP) serve as anchoring sites for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Renal interstitium with a high-calcium environment is identified as pathogenesis of RP formation where the role of human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) was highlighted. Our study aims to elucidate the potential mechanism by which a high-calcium environment drives ectopic calcification of hRIFs to participate in RP formation. Alizarin Red staining demonstrated calcium nodules in hRIFs treated with high-calcium medium. Utilizing transcriptome sequencing, tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) was found to be upregulated in high-calcium-induced hRIFs and RP tissues, and TFPI-2 promoted high-calcium-induced calcification of hRIFs. Subsequently, the downstream regulator of TFPI2 was screened by transcriptome sequencing analysis of hRIFs with TFPI-2 knockdown or overexpressed. Dachsous Cadherin Related 1 (DCHS1) knockdown was identified to suppress the calcification of hRIFs enhanced by TFPI-2. Further investigation revealed that TFPI-2/DCHS1 axis promoted high-calcium-induced calcification of hRIFs via disturbing the balance of ENPP1/ALP activities, but without effect on the canonical osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin (OPN), osteogenic factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). In summary, our study mimicked the high-calcium environment observed in CaOx stone patients with hypercalciuria, and discovered that the high-calcium drove ectopic calcification of hRIFs via a novel TFPI-2-DCHS1-ALP/ENPP1 pathway rather than adaption of osteogenic phenotypes to participate in RP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, 556000, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongqing Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Kashi AH, Zobeiry M, Basiri A, Borumandnia N, Taheri M, Zahir M. Familial aggregation of urolithiasis: findings from a Nationwide Middle Eastern study. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:119. [PMID: 39167141 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the potential effect of genetic factors and positive family history on the familial aggregation of urolithiasis in Iran. Of the total 44,186 participants in the Iran National Stone Survey (INSS) database, 34,953 individuals who were members of 8629 nuclear families were included in this study. The mean prevalence of urolithiasis was 5.7% [95%CI: 5.5 - 6.0%] in this subpopulation. Familial aggregation of urolithiasis was analyzed in 34,745 participants (99.6% of those originally included) utilizing a multivariable logistic regression with second order generalized estimating equations approach (GEE2) to adjust for sex, age, urbanization status and ethnicity. Recurrence risk ratios (λ) were used to evaluate the degree of familial aggregation. Our multivariable analysis demonstrated a strong familial aggregation of urolithiasis within sibling pairs (λs = 78.35), parent-offspring pairs (λo = 40.12) and spouse pairs (λsp = 21.62). The respective ORs were 5.65 [95%CI: 3.49, 9.14] for siblings, 2.85 [95%CI: 2.20, 3.68] for parents and 1.27 [95%CI: 1.06, 1.54] for spouses. Urinary stone disease tends to aggregate in families with a positive history of urolithiasis in either the parents or siblings. Siblings have a more prominent effect in inducing familial aggregation compared to parents. Despite the prominent role of familial genetic components in urolithiasis aggregation, shared environmental factors appear to partake in this phenomenon to some extent, as suggested by urolithiasis aggregation among spouse pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Kashi
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Borumandnia
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazyar Zahir
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen WC, Chen YC, Chen YH, Liu TY, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ. Identification of novel genetic susceptibility loci for calcium-containing kidney stone disease by genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score in a Taiwanese population. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:94. [PMID: 38896256 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of kidney stone diseases contain calcium. Inherited genetic factors are among the variables that influence the development of calcium-containing kidney stone diseases (CKSD). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on stone diseases have been reported worldwide; however, these are not focused on calcium-containing stones. We conducted a GWAS to identify germline genetic polymorphisms associated with CKSD in a Medical Center in Taiwan; hence, this study was based primarily on a hospital-based database. CKSD was diagnosed using the chart records. Patients infected with urea-splitting-microorganisms and those with at least two urinary pH value below 5.5 were excluded. None of the patients had cystic stones based on stone analysis. Those over 40 years of age with no history of CKSD and no microscopic hematuria on urinalysis were considered as controls. The DNA isolated from the blood of 14,934 patients (63.7% male and 36.3% female) with CKSD and 29,868 controls (10,830 men and 19,038 women) at a medical center was genotyped for approximately 714,457 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency of ≥ 0.05. We used PLINK 1.9 to calculate the polygenic risk score (PRS) to investigate the association between CKSD and controls. The accuracy of the PRS was verified by dividing it into the training and testing groups. The statistical analyses were calculated with the area under the curve (AUC) using IBM SPSS version 22. We identified 432 susceptibility loci that reached a genome-wide threshold of P < 1.0 × 10- 5. A total of 132 SNPs reached a threshold of P < 5 × 10- 8 using a stricter definition of significance on chromosomes 4, 13, 16, 17, and 18. At the top locus of our study, SNPs in DGKH, PDILT, BCAS3, and ABCG2 have been previously reported. RN7SKP27, HDAC4, PCDH15, AP003068.2, and NFATC1 were novel findings in this study. PRS was adjusted for sex and age, resulting in an AUC of 0.65. The number of patients in the top quartile of PRS was 1.39 folds in the risk of CKSD than patients in the bottom quartile. Our data identified the significance of GWAS for patients with CKSD in a hospital-based study. The PRS also had a high AUC for discriminating patients with CKSD from controls. A total of 132 SNP loci of SNPs significantly associated with the development of CKSD. This first survey, which focused on patients with CKSD, will provide novel insights specific to CKSD and its potential clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Chen
- Department of Urology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Urology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Urology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Urology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Xiong Y, Song Q, Zhao S, Wang C, Ke H, Liao W, Meng L, Liu L, Song C. Serum metabolomics study reveals a distinct metabolic diagnostic model for renal calculi. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32482. [PMID: 38912451 PMCID: PMC11193013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal calculi (RC) represent a prevalent disease of the urinary system characterized by a high incidence rate. The traditional clinical diagnosis of RC emphasizes imaging and stone composition analysis. However, the significance of metabolic status in RC diagnosis and prevention remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate serum metabolites in RC patients to identify those associated with RC and to develop a metabolite-based diagnostic model. We employed nontargeted metabolomics utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS) to compare serum metabolites between RC patients and healthy controls. Our findings demonstrated significant disparities in serum metabolites, particularly in fatty acids and glycerophospholipids, between the two groups. Notably, the glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolic pathway in RC patients was significantly disrupted. Logistic regression models using differentially abundant metabolites revealed that elevated levels of 2-butyl-4-methyl phenol and reduced levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (P-16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) had the most substantial effect on RC risk. Overall, our study indicates that RC induces notable alterations in serum metabolites and that the diagnostic model based on these metabolites effectively distinguishes RC. This research offers promising insights and directions for further diagnostic and mechanistic studies on RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingchao Meng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Ku PW, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang T, Chen L, Xia Y, Bai S. Intensity-Specific Physical Activity Measured by Accelerometer, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Kidney Stone Disease: Results From the UK Biobank. Am J Kidney Dis 2024:S0272-6386(24)00760-1. [PMID: 38754804 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Kidney stone disease (KSD), a significant health care problem within both developed and developing countries, has been associated with genetic risk factors. An association between physical activity and KSD risk also has been hypothesized, but studies have yielded inconsistent findings. This study investigated the association between the intensity of physical activity and the incidence of KSD accounting for genetic risk. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS A total of 80,473 participants from the UK Biobank Study. EXPOSURE Physical activity levels, including total physical activity (TPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and light-intensity physical activity (LPA), were measured using accelerometers and quantified using a machine learning model. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for KSD was also constructed. OUTCOME Individuals with KSD were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), and procedure codes for KSD surgery. ANALYTICAL APPROACH A Fine and Gray survival model was used to estimate the associations of incident KSD with TPA, MVPA, LPA, and PRS (as categorical variables). Restricted cubic splines were used to examine potential nonlinear associations within the fully adjusted models. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 6.19 years, 421 participants developed KSD. Participants in the highest quartiles of TPA, MVPA, and LPA had lower adjusted rates of KSD compared with those in the lowest quartiles: HR, 0.50 (95% CI, 0.44-0.56), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.51-0.64), and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59-0.74), respectively. TPA, MVPA, and LPA were associated with a lower risk of KSD in participants with low and high genetic predisposition for KSD. LIMITATIONS Selection bias as participants who provided accelerometry data may have been more adherent to health care. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of KSD, regardless of the genetic risk. Future large studies are warranted to confirm and explain the mechanisms underlying these associations. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY The association between the intensity of physical activity (PA) and the incidence of kidney stone disease (KSD) after accounting for genetic risk is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive prospective cohort study utilizing participants from the UK Biobank to assess the intensity of PA using accelerometers. Our study findings indicated that greater total PA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, and light-intensity PA were each associated with a lower risk of KSD irrespective of an individual's genetic risk. Our study informs the understanding of risk factors for KSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenyang
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Honghao Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenyang; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang
| | | | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenyang; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang.
| | - Song Bai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shenyang.
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Rungrasameviriya P, Santilinon A, Atichartsintop P, Hadpech S, Thongboonkerd V. Tight junction and kidney stone disease. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2210051. [PMID: 37162265 PMCID: PMC10832927 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2210051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of tight junction (TJ) are involved in many diseases related to epithelial cell functions, including kidney stone disease (KSD), which is a common disease affecting humans for over a thousand years. This review provides brief overviews of KSD and TJ, and summarizes the knowledge on crystal-induced defects of TJ in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in KSD. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, particularly COM, disrupt TJ via p38 MAPK and ROS/Akt/p38 MAPK signaling pathways, filamentous actin (F-actin) reorganization and α-tubulin relocalization. Stabilizing p38 MAPK signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, F-actin and α-tubulin by using SB239063, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), phalloidin and docetaxel, respectively, successfully prevent the COM-induced TJ disruption and malfunction. Additionally, genetic disorders of renal TJ, including mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CLDN2, CLDN10b, CLDN14, CLDN16 and CLDN19, also affect KSD. Finally, the role of TJ as a potential target for KSD therapeutics and prevention is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papart Rungrasameviriya
- Nawamethee Project, Doctor of Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aticha Santilinon
- Nawamethee Project, Doctor of Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Palita Atichartsintop
- Nawamethee Project, Doctor of Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Hadpech
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhu Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu J, Gao M, Lei T, Huang F, Chen H, Wu M. Risk factors for the comorbidity of osteoporosis/osteopenia and kidney stones: a cross-sectional study. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:128. [PMID: 37857823 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Low femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was associated with the increased risk of kidney stones. Low dietary magnesium intake and increased serum alkaline phosphatase were associated with the increased risk of low femoral neck BMD in kidney stone formers. PURPOSE To evaluate whether low femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was associated with a higher risk of kidney stones, and identify risk factors for the comorbidity of osteoporosis/osteopenia and kidney stones. METHODS We analyzed individuals aged ≥ 20 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2020 data. Osteoporosis/osteopenia is defined as any T-score < -1.0 of femoral neck, total femoral, and mean lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD. Dietary intakes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, calcium/phosphorus, vitamin D (25OHD2+25OHD3)) and serum parameters (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were screened for identifying risk factors for the comorbidity. RESULTS The prevalence of comorbidity of osteoporosis/osteopenia and kidney stones was 4.82%. Femoral neck BMD T-score was negatively associated with the prevalence of kidney stones (n=11,864). Dietary magnesium intake, serum phosphorus, and bicarbonate were negatively associated with the comorbidity prevalence, and serum ALP was positively associated with the comorbidity prevalence (n=6978). Additionally, there remain significant associations of dietary magnesium intake, serum ALP, and bicarbonate with not only femoral neck BMD T-score (n=11331), but also the prevalence of kidney stones (n=23,111) in general population. Furthermore, dietary magnesium intake was positively correlated to femoral neck BMD T-score in stone formers (SFs), while serum ALP was negatively correlated to femoral neck BMD T-score in SFs (n=1163). CONCLUSION Low femoral neck BMD was closely associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Low magnesium intake and increased serum ALP were associated with the increased risk of the comorbidity, as well as indicative of low femoral neck BMD T-score in SFs, which offered a clue to further clarify the mechanism leading to paradoxical calcification of bone resorption and kidney stones, and had the potential to perform personalized diagnostic workup for low BMD in SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Maolan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Li Y, Lu X, Yu Z, Wang H, Gao B. Meta-data analysis of kidney stone disease highlights ATP1A1 involvement in renal crystal formation. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102648. [PMID: 36871182 PMCID: PMC10009205 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a complicated disease affected by various environmental and genetic factors. Crystal-cell adhesion is a critical initiation process during kidney stone formation. However, genes regulated by environmental and genetic factors in this process remain unclear. In the present study, we integrated the gene expression profile data and the whole-exome sequencing data of patients with calcium stones, and found that ATP1A1 might be a key susceptibility gene involved in calcium stone formation. The study showed that the T-allele of rs11540947 in the 5'-untranslated region of ATP1A1 was associated with a higher risk of nephrolithiasis and lower activity of a promoter of ATP1A1. Calcium oxalate crystal deposition decreased ATP1A1 expression in vitro and in vivo and was accompanied by the activation of the ATP1A1/Src/ROS/p38/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the overexpression of ATP1A1 or treatment with pNaKtide, a specific inhibitor of the ATP1A1/Src complex, inhibited the ATP1A1/Src signal system and alleviated oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, crystal-cell adhesion, and stone formation. Moreover, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reversed ATP1A1 down-regulation induced by crystal deposition. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that ATP1A1, a gene modulated by environmental factors and genetic variations, plays an important role in renal crystal formation, suggesting that ATP1A1 may be a potential therapeutic target for treating calcium stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Xiuli Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Haozhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science School, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
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Jahrreiss V, Özsoy M, Seitz C, Somani B. Past, present and future of genomics for kidney stone disease. Curr Opin Urol 2023; 33:73-76. [PMID: 36710592 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the latest findings and developments in genomics for kidney stone disease (KSD) that help to understand hereditary pathomechanisms, identify high risk stone formers, provide early treatment and prevent recurrent kidney stone formation. RECENT FINDINGS Several gene loci associated to KSD have presently been discovered in large Genome-wide association studies. Monogenic causes are rare, but are thought to have higher penetrance, while polygenic causes are more frequent with less penetrance. Although there is a great effort identifying genetic causes of KSD, targeted therapies are scarce. SUMMARY There have been great advancements in genetic research in identifying genetic variants associated with KSD. Identifying these variants and understanding the underlying pathophysiology will not only provide individual risk assessment but open the way for new treatment targets and preventive care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jahrreiss
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- EAU Section on Urolithiasis (EULIS)
| | - Mehmet Özsoy
- EAU Section on Urolithiasis (EULIS)
- Uromed Competence Center for Urology, Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- EAU Section on Urolithiasis (EULIS)
| | - Bhaskar Somani
- EAU Section on Urolithiasis (EULIS)
- Uromed Competence Center for Urology, Vienna Austria
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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10
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Rohacs T, Fluck EC, De Jesús-Pérez JJ, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. What structures did, and did not, reveal about the function of the epithelial Ca 2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102620. [PMID: 35834842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 5 and 6 (TRPV5 and TRPV6) are Ca2+ selective epithelial ion channels. They are the products of a relatively recent gene duplication in mammals, and have high sequence homology to each other. Their functional properties are also much more similar to each other than to other members of the TRPV subfamily. They are both constitutively active, and this activity depends on the endogenous cofactor phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Both channels undergo Ca2+-induced inactivation, which is mediated by direct binding of the ubiquitous Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin (CaM) to the channels, and by a decrease in PI(4,5)P2 levels by Ca2+ -induced activation of phospholipase C (PLC). Recent cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography structures provided detailed structural information for both TRPV5 and TRPV6. This review will discuss this structural information in the context of the function of these channels focusing on the mechanism of CaM inhibition, activation by PI(4,5)P2 and binding of pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
| | - Edwin C Fluck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - José J De Jesús-Pérez
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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11
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Collins MT, Marcucci G, Anders HJ, Beltrami G, Cauley JA, Ebeling PR, Kumar R, Linglart A, Sangiorgi L, Towler DA, Weston R, Whyte MP, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:473-489. [PMID: 35578027 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular pathophysiology underlying these disorders; sometimes, this knowledge has both facilitated restoration of health and clarified the very nature of biomineralization as it occurs in humans. In this Review, we consider the principal regulators of mineralization and crystallization, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead to human disease. The knowledge acquired to date and gaps still to be filled are highlighted. The disorders of mineralization discussed comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that encompass bone disorders associated with alterations of mineral quantity and quality, as well as disorders of extraskeletal mineralization (hyperphosphataemic familial tumoural calcinosis). Included are disorders of alkaline phosphatase (hypophosphatasia) and phosphate homeostasis (X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, fluorosis, rickets and osteomalacia). Furthermore, crystallopathies are covered as well as arterial and renal calcification. This Review discusses the current knowledge of biomineralization derived from basic and clinical research and points to future studies that will lead to new therapeutic approaches for biomineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department Paediatric Orthopedic Oncology, Careggi and Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dwight A Towler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ria Weston
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Mohammadi A, Shabestari AN, Baghdadabad LZ, Khatami F, Reis LO, Pishkuhi MA, Kazem Aghamir SM. Genetic Polymorphisms and Kidney Stones Around the Globe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:913908. [PMID: 35846117 PMCID: PMC9280078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study explores associations between recurrent kidney stones and genetic polymorphisms. Methods: Meta-analysis of polymorphisms in renal stone cases versus control groups. Four electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched up to 30 May 2021, using the keywords: “kidney stone” or “kidney calculi,” or “urolithiasis” or “nephrolithiasis” or “urinary calculi” and “genome” or “genetic” or “mutation” or “single nucleotide polymorphism.” Forrest plots, ORs, 95% CI, Chi-square (χ2)-test, and index of heterogeneity (I2) were calculated. Only studies with Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) ≥ 6 were included for quality control, and Funnel, Begg’s, and Eager’s plots assessed publication bias. PROSPERO: CRD42022250427. Results: Among 7,671 searched articles, 72 were included. Polymorphisms in VDR (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.36), CASR (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01–1.52), Osteopontin (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09–1.74), and Urokinase genes (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02–2.28) showed a significant association with risk of urinary stone formation, while Klotho gene showed a protective effect (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57–0.99). The VDR gene polymorphism was frequent in Asians, whereas CASR polymorphism was frequent in European and North American populations. Conclusion: Multifactorial nature of the stone formation, emphasizing the role of environmental factors, might explain contradictory results in the literature. While polymorphisms in VDR, CASR, Osteopontin, and Urokinase genes were associated with urinary stone formation, the Klotho gene showed a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Mohammadi
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- UroScience and Department of Surgery (Urology), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahin Ahmadi Pishkuhi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir,
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13
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D'Ambrosio V, Moochhala S, Unwin RJ, Ferraro PM. Why is diagnosis, investigation and improved management of kidney stone disease important? Non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for nephrolithiasis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:407-414. [PMID: 35612529 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2082943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progress in the medical treatment and management of nephrolithiasis has been limited to date and continues to depend on urinary metabolic screening to assess excretion of the main stone constituents, factors determining stone solubility and precipitation, and on dietary and lifestyle recommendations. AREAS COVERED In this review, we try to highlight some of the broader aspects of kidney stone disease in relation to recent epidemiological and pathophysiological findings, and emerging new treatments. Specifically, this review will cover recent evidence on the association between metabolic risk factors and kidney stone disease, dietary risk factors and dietary interventions to prevent kidney stones, and how genomics, metabolomics and proteomics may improve diagnosis and treatment of this troublesome, if rarely fatal, condition. PubMed was used to identify the most suitable references according to our search strategy; only full manuscripts were included. EXPERT OPINION What is emerging is that kidney stone disease is not an isolated disorder, but is systemic in nature with links to important and common co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. These associations support the need to take nephrolithiasis seriously as a medical condition and to adopt a more holistic approach to its investigation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shabbir Moochhala
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital Trust and Division of Medicine, University College London UK
| | - Robert J Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital Trust and Division of Medicine, University College London UK
| | - Pietro M Ferraro
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,U.O.S. Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
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14
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Singh P, Harris PC, Sas DJ, Lieske JC. The genetics of kidney stone disease and nephrocalcinosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:224-240. [PMID: 34907378 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stones (also known as urinary stones or nephrolithiasis) are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 10% of adults worldwide, and the incidence of stone disease is increasing. Kidney stone formation results from an imbalance of inhibitors and promoters of crystallization, and calcium-containing calculi account for over 80% of stones. In most patients, the underlying aetiology is thought to be multifactorial, with environmental, dietary, hormonal and genetic components. The advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has enabled a monogenic cause of kidney stones to be identified in up to 30% of children and 10% of adults who form stones, with ~35 different genes implicated. In addition, genome-wide association studies have implicated a series of genes involved in renal tubular handling of lithogenic substrates and of inhibitors of crystallization in stone disease in the general population. Such findings will likely lead to the identification of additional treatment targets involving underlying enzymatic or protein defects, including but not limited to those that alter urinary biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Sas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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15
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Jabalameli MR, Fitzpatrick FM, Colombo R, Howles SA, Leggatt G, Walker V, Wiberg A, Kunji ERS, Ennis S. Exome sequencing identifies a disease variant of the mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier SLC25A25 in two families with kidney stones. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1749. [PMID: 34346195 PMCID: PMC8683635 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium kidney stones are common and recurrences are often not preventable by available empiric remedies. Their etiology is multifactorial and polygenic, and an increasing number of genes are implicated. Their identification will enable improved management. METHODS DNA from three stone-formers in a Southampton family (UK) and two from an Italian family were analyzed independently by whole exome sequencing and selected variants were genotyped across all available members of both pedigrees. A disease variant of SLC25A25 (OMIM 608745), encoding the mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier 3 (APC3) was identified, and analyzed structurally and functionally with respect to its calcium-regulated transport activity. RESULTS All five patients had a heterozygous dominant SLC25A25 variant (rs140777921; GRCh37.p13: chr 9 130868670 G>C; p.Gln349His; Reference Sequence NM_001006641.3). Non-stone formers also carried the variant indicating incomplete penetrance. Modeling suggests that the variant lacks a conserved polar interaction, which may cause structural instability. Calcium-regulated ATP transport was reduced to ~20% of the wild type, showing a large reduction in function. CONCLUSION The transporter is important in regulating mitochondrial ATP production. This rare variant may increase urine lithogenicity through impaired provision of ATP for solute transport processes in the kidney, and/or for purinergic signaling. Variants found in other genes may compound this abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Jabalameli
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Fiona M Fitzpatrick
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Faculty of Medicine 'Agostino Gemelli', Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Center for the Study of Rare Inherited Diseases, Niguarda Ca´Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah A Howles
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gary Leggatt
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Kidney Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Akira Wiberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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16
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Ribet ABP, Ng PY, Pavlos NJ. Membrane Transport Proteins in Osteoclasts: The Ins and Outs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644986. [PMID: 33718388 PMCID: PMC7952445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During bone resorption, the osteoclast must sustain an extraordinarily low pH environment, withstand immense ionic pressures, and coordinate nutrient and waste exchange across its membrane to sustain its unique structural and functional polarity. To achieve this, osteoclasts are equipped with an elaborate set of membrane transport proteins (pumps, transporters and channels) that serve as molecular ‘gatekeepers’ to regulate the bilateral exchange of ions, amino acids, metabolites and macromolecules across the ruffled border and basolateral domains. Whereas the importance of the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump and chloride voltage-gated channel 7 in osteoclasts has long been established, comparatively little is known about the contributions of other membrane transport proteins, including those categorized as secondary active transporters. In this Special Issue review, we provide a contemporary update on the ‘ins and outs’ of membrane transport proteins implicated in osteoclast differentiation, function and bone homeostasis and discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B P Ribet
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Bone Biology and Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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17
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Pathogenese und Risikofaktoren. Urolithiasis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-62454-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Wändell P, Carlsson AC, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Urolithiasis in second-generation immigrant children younger than 18 years of age in Sweden. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:340-346. [PMID: 32274826 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare incidence of urolithiasis in second-generation immigrant children aged 0-17 years to children of Swedish-born parents. METHODS A nationwide study of individuals residing in Sweden. Urolithiasis was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of urolithiasis in the Swedish National Patient Register between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2015. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risk (hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)) of incident urolithiasis compared to individuals with Swedish-born parents. The models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, co-morbidities and sociodemographic status of parents. RESULTS Totally, 1653 incident cases of urolithiasis were registered, 658 boys and 995 girls, with a mean annual incidence per 100 000 person-years for children with Swedish-born parents of 4.0 (95% CI 3.7-4.3) in boys and 6.7 (95% CI 6.2-7.2) in girls, and for children with foreign-born parents of 5.3 (95% CI 5.1-5.4) in boys and 7.2 (95% CI 6.9-7.4) in girls. The fully adjusted HRs of urolithiasis in second-generation immigrants were non-significant, in boys (1.20, 95% CI 0.99-1.46) and girls (0.95, 95% CI 0.80-1.12). CONCLUSION The risk of urolithiasis in second-generation immigrants was not significantly different from that of children with Swedish-born parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wändell
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Axel C. Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre Stockholm Region Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xinjun Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Center for Community‐based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) Department of Functional Pathology School of Medicine Shimane University Matsue Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Center for Community‐based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) Department of Functional Pathology School of Medicine Shimane University Matsue Japan
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19
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Zhao E, Zhang W, Geng B, You B, Wang W, Li X. Intestinal dysbacteriosis leads to kidney stone disease. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:180. [PMID: 33655334 PMCID: PMC7809898 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and physicochemical properties of kidney stones (KSs) are closely associated with diet. In view of the differences in ethnicity and dietary composition between Chinese and Western populations, the present study aimed to investigate the association between intestinal dysbacteriosis and KSs in China. The current study examined the differences in intestinal microbes between the KS disease (KSD) and the healthy control (HLT) groups, and statistically significant differences based on 16s rRNA gene amplicons were identified using a Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA. In addition, the calcium oxalate KS (COKS), uric acid KS (UAKS) and carbonate apatite KS(CCKS) groups were compared with a non-parametric statistical test. Determination of bacterial abundance was performed via the analysis of 16s rRNA marker gene sequences using next-generation sequencing. Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroides (B) levels were significantly higher in the KSD group compared with the HLT group (B/F=0.67 vs. 0.08; P<0.001), as were the overall levels of B (6.19-fold higher compared with the HLT group; 22.2 vs. 3.6%; P<0.001). The Prevotella-9 abundance levels in the KSD group were 4.65-fold higher compared with those in the HLT group (8.8 vs. 1.9%; P<0.001). The levels of Blautia and Lachnoclostridium were significantly decreased in the KSD group (13.3 vs. 6.0%; and 5.0 vs. 7.9%; both P<0.05). Moreover, Prevotella-9 levels were higher in non-calciferous KSs (UAKS) compared with calciferous KSs (COKS and CCKS). Therefore, the findings of the present study indicated a key association between specific KS components and intestinal flora, providing a theoretical basis for new treatment methods for KSs. Moreover, differences and interactions between these bacteria could initially predict specific types of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bo Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bosen You
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wanhui Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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20
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Runova GE, Golounina OO, Glinkina IV, Sych YP, Fadeev VV. [Differential diagnosis of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and idiopathic hypercalciuria on the example of clinical case]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2020; 66:13-17. [PMID: 33481363 DOI: 10.14341/probl12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a heterogeneous generalized disorder caused by various defects in calcium transport and increased urinary calcium excretion. The main etiopathogenetic factors are violations of vitamin D metabolism, changes in the sensitivity of calcitriol receptors and violations of the processes of calcium reabsorption in the proximal tubules and in the ascending knee of the Henle loop. This article presents a clinical observation of patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria, initially high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the absence of hyperparathyroidism. Therapy with thiazide diuretics allowed to achieve normalization of daily urinary calcium excretion and reducing PTH. Despite the low prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria, differential diagnosis of this metabolic disorder should be carried out with mandatory consideration of clinical and laboratory data, as well as with diseases that may cause increased PTH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Runova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O O Golounina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I V Glinkina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Yu P Sych
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - V V Fadeev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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21
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Abstract
The prevalence of urolithiasis in humans is increasing worldwide; however, non-surgical treatment and prevention options remain limited despite decades of investigation. Most existing laboratory animal models for urolithiasis rely on highly artificial methods of stone induction and, as a result, might not be fully applicable to the study of natural stone initiation and growth. Animal models that naturally and spontaneously form uroliths are an underused resource in the study of human stone disease and offer many potential opportunities for improving insight into stone pathogenesis. These models include domestic dogs and cats, as well as a variety of other captive and wild species, such as otters, dolphins and ferrets, that form calcium oxalate, struvite, uric acid, cystine and other stone types. Improved collaboration between urologists, basic scientists and veterinarians is warranted to further our understanding of how stones form and to consider possible new preventive and therapeutic treatment options.
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22
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Rendina D, De Filippo G, Iannuzzo G, Abate V, Strazzullo P, Falchetti A. Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218183. [PMID: 33142950 PMCID: PMC7662860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are formidable health problems showing a progressive increase in their incidence and prevalence in the last decades. These temporal trends were observed in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that both disorders show several common pathogenic environmental and genetic factors. In this review, we analyzed the clinical characteristics common to the two disorders and the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the genetic predisposition and the environmental factors recognized as triggers in adult and pediatric ages. As a result of this work, we propose to consider idiopathic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis as two possible expressions of a unique clinical syndrome. Accordingly, the clinical approach to both disorders should be modified in order to program an efficient primary and secondary prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, 75019 Paris, France;
- French Clinical Research Group in Adolescent Medicine and Health, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Unit of Bone and Mineral Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-33-1689-2204
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Iancu D, Ashton E. Inherited Renal Tubulopathies-Challenges and Controversies. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030277. [PMID: 32150856 PMCID: PMC7140864 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolyte homeostasis is maintained by the kidney through a complex transport function mostly performed by specialized proteins distributed along the renal tubules. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding these proteins impair this function and have consequences on the whole organism. Establishing a genetic diagnosis in patients with renal tubular dysfunction is a challenging task given the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, functional characteristics of the genes involved and the number of yet unknown causes. Part of these difficulties can be overcome by gathering large patient cohorts and applying high-throughput sequencing techniques combined with experimental work to prove functional impact. This approach has led to the identification of a number of genes but also generated controversies about proper interpretation of variants. In this article, we will highlight these challenges and controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iancu
- UCL-Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2381204172; Fax: +44-020-74726476
| | - Emma Ashton
- Rare & Inherited Disease Laboratory, London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, Levels 4-6 Barclay House 37, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BH, UK;
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Linking 24-h urines to clinical phenotypes: what alternatives does the future bring? Curr Opin Urol 2019; 30:177-182. [PMID: 31834081 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The 24-h urine test is recommended as part of the metabolic evaluation for patients with nephrolithiasis to guide preventive interventions. However, this test may be challenging to interpret and has limits in its predictive ability. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most recent research on the opportunities and challenges for utilizing urinary biomarkers for kidney stone prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Contemporary studies utilizing the 24-h urine test have improved our understanding of how to better administer testing and interpret test results. Beyond the standard panel of 24-h urine parameters, recent applications of proteomics and metabolomics have identified protein and metabolic profiles of stone formers. These profiles can be assayed in future studies as potential biomarkers for risk stratification and prediction. Broad collaborative efforts to create large datasets and biobanks from kidney stone formers will be invaluable for kidney stone research. SUMMARY Recent advances in our understanding of kidney stone risk have opened opportunities to improve metabolic testing for kidney stone formers. These strategies do not appear to be mutually exclusive of 24-h urine testing but instead complementary in their approach. Finally, large clinical datasets hold promise to be leveraged to identify new avenues for stone prevention.
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Abstract
The process of kidney stone formation is complex and still not completely understood. Supersaturation and crystallization are the main drivers for the etiopathogenesis of uric acid, xanthine and cystine stones but this physicochemical concept fails to adequately explain the formation of calcium-based nephrolithiasis, which represents the majority of kidney stones. Contemporary concepts of the pathogenesis of calcium-based nephrolithiasis focus on a nidus-associated stone formation of calcium-based nephrolithiasis on Randall's plaques or on plugs of Bellini's duct. Randall's plaques originate from the interaction of interstitial calcium supersaturation in the renal papilla, vascular and interstitial inflammatory processes and mineral deposits of calcifying nanoparticles on the basal membrane of the thin ascending branch of the loop of Henle; however, plugs of Bellini's duct are assumed to be caused by mineral deposits on the wall of the collecting ducts. Aggregation and overgrowth are influenced by the interaction of matrix proteins with calcium supersaturated urine, by an imbalance between promoters and inhibitors of stone formation in the calyceal urine. Current research has elucidated many factors contributing to stone formation by revealing novel insights into the physiology of nephron and papilla, by analyzing vascular, inflammatory and calcifying processes in the renal medulla, by examining the proteome, the microbiome, promoters and inhibitors of stone formation in the urine and by conducting the first genome-wide association studies; however, more future research is mandatory to fill the gap of knowledge and hopefully, to obtain novel prophylactic, therapeutic and metaphylactic tools beyond the current state of knowledge.
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Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Protective Cellular Mechanism of Estrogen Against Kidney Stone Formation: A Proteomics Approach and Functional Validation. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900095. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics UnitOffice for Research and DevelopmentFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand
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Praus F, Schönthaler M. [Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for urolithiasis]. Urologe A 2019; 58:1281-1288. [PMID: 31501986 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-019-01031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the risk factors for urolithiasis is the key for sufficient metaphylaxis and reduction of recurrence events. Modifiable risk factors include diet, drink quantity, occupation, environmental factors, number of pregnancies and the intestinal microbiome. The treatment of associated diseases, such as the various manifestations of metabolic syndrome can reduce the risk for urolithiasis and recurrences. Knowledge of non-modifiable risk factors, such as gender, ethnicity, positive family history as well as specific genetic defects and polymorphisms of the calcium and phosphate balance enables personalized counselling and follow-up of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Praus
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - M Schönthaler
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
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Gambaro G. Empirical therapy or precision medicine for kidney stone formers in the '-omics' era? Urolithiasis 2018; 47:1-3. [PMID: 30498937 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ospedale Maggiore, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
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