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Başar EZ, Dogan Y, Kayabey Ö, Babaoğlu K. Evaluation of clinical features and outcome of eight fetuses with ectopia cordis; A study from a fetal cardiology center. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2023; 63:66-73. [PMID: 36680738 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the clinical course and outcome of cases with a prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis in our center. In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical variables including gestational age at diagnosis, maternal age, associated cardiac, extracardiac, genetic anomalies and, outcome in prenatally diagnosed ectopia cordis cases in our tertiary referral center. Eight ectopia cordis cases from seven pregnancies were included in the study. All fetuses had complete type of ectopia cordis and pentalogy of Cantrell. Five multiple pregnancies were found, four were twin pregnancies (three dichorionic diamniotic, one monochorionic monoamniotic) and one was triplet (trichorionic triamniotic). In the monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy, both fetuses have pentalogy of Cantrell. Two cases had intracardiac structural defects including Tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic right heart syndrome. Three pregnancies were terminated, four cases delivered alive could not survive beyond the neonatal period. The striking feature in our study is its association with multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eviç Zeynep Başar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Dogan
- Department of Perinatology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kayabey
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kadir Babaoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Ugas-Charcape CF, Cerrón Vela C, Melgar Humala E, Herrera Taquia R, Caro Domínguez P. Computed tomography angiography features of children with ectopia cordis. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 53:1019-1026. [PMID: 36585499 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital defect with high mortality, and it remains challenging to radiologists, neonatologists and surgeons. CT angiography provides key information that aids in the decision-making process for possible surgical intervention. This pictorial essay describes CT angiography features in six neonates with ectopia cordis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Ugas-Charcape
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Av. Javier Prado Este 3101, Lima, 15037, Peru.
| | - Carmen Cerrón Vela
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Av. Javier Prado Este 3101, Lima, 15037, Peru
| | - Eneida Melgar Humala
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Renée Herrera Taquia
- Service of Tissue Bank, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo Caro Domínguez
- Unidad de Radiología Pediátrica, Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Williams P, Booth M, Rossanese M. Incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell in a Border terrier puppy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillipa Williams
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonCheshireUK
| | - Malcolm Booth
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonCheshireUK
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4
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging findings associated with complex fetal abdominal wall defects and provide an algorithmic method for arriving at a final diagnosis. CONCLUSION. Fetal ventral abdominal wall defects are a complex group of conditions with a broad spectrum of associated multisystem anomalies and manifestations. Correct characterization and classification of these defects require not only familiarity with imaging findings but also a systematic approach to avoid diagnostic confusion.
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Türkyilmaz G, Avcı S, Sıvrıkoz T, Erturk E, Altunoglu U, Turkyilmazlmaz SE, Kalelioglu IH, Has R, Yuksel A. Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Ectopia Cordis: Varied Presentation Spectrum. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019; 38:127-137. [PMID: 30600745 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2018.1556367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopia cordis (EC) is a congenital anomaly associated with heart defects and extracardiac malformations. OBJECTIVES We determined the various presentations of EC diagnosed in our center between 2010 and 2017. RESULTS Seven fetuses from six pregnancies with EC were detected, five during the first trimester. Three were from multiple pregnancies, and both twins had EC in one monochorionic-monoamniotic pregnancy. Abdominal wall defects were detected in six fetuses. Kyphoscoliosis, cephalocele, clubfoot and short umbilical cord were other abnormalities. Five fetuses were terminated, one fetus died in utero, and one baby died on day two of life. Postnatal evaluation performed in all cases additionally detected cleft lips/palates in two fetuses and tetralogy of Fallot in one. CONCLUSION Outcome is poor for these fetuses, EC can occur in a multiple pregnancy, most of the abnormalities can be identified in the first trimester and fetopsy continues to add information to the intrauterine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürcan Türkyilmaz
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sahin Avcı
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tugba Sıvrıkoz
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Emircan Erturk
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ibrahim Halil Kalelioglu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Recep Has
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Atil Yuksel
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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6
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Coleman PW, Marine MB, Weida JN, Gray BW, Billmire DF, Brown BP. Fetal MRI in the Identification of a Fetal Ventral Wall Defect Spectrum. AJP Rep 2018; 8:e264-e276. [PMID: 30377551 PMCID: PMC6205859 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To ascertain if useful criteria for prenatal diagnosis of fetal ventral body wall defects (VBWDs) exists by reviewing published literature on diagnosis of VBWD as compared with our own diagnostic experience. Study Design A comprehensive literature review of diagnostic criteria of fetal VBWD including pentalogy of Cantrell (POC), omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, spina bifida (OEIS), cloacal exstrophy, limb-body wall complex (LBWC), and body stalk anomaly was performed followed by a retrospective review of all fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from our medical center over a 2-year period. Results Classically, OEIS is omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida. POC is defects of the supraumbilical abdomen, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart. LBWC is two of the following: exencephaly or enencephaly with facial clefts, thoracoschisis or abdominoschisis, and limb defects. Twenty-four cases of VBWD on MRI over a 24-month period were identified with seven cases involving defects of additional organ systems. Six of these seven cases demonstrated findings from two or more of the traditional diagnoses POC, OEIS, and LBWC making diagnosis and counseling difficult. Conclusion There is a lack of consensus on useful diagnostic criteria within the published literature which is reflected in our own diagnostic experience and poses a challenge for accurate prenatal counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Coleman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Megan B Marine
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jennifer N Weida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brian W Gray
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Deborah F Billmire
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brandon P Brown
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Escobar-Diaz MC, Sunderji S, Tworetzky W, Moon-Grady AJ. The Fetus with Ectopia Cordis: Experience and Expectations from Two Centers. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:531-538. [PMID: 27995289 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ectopia cordis (EC) is a rare congenital anomaly often associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). There is a lack of contemporary information on EC diagnosed prenatally. We sought to combine the experiences of two regional referral centers in order to evaluate current outcomes for EC. Clinical, echocardiographic features and perinatal outcomes of fetuses with EC managed at two large cardiac centers from 1995 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen fetuses with EC were diagnosed at a median gestational age of 23 weeks (range 17-36). There were 6 thoracic EC and 11 thoracoabdominal. Fifteen had associated CHD: 10 conotruncal defects, 2 tricuspid atresia, 1 aortic stenosis, 1 atrial septal defect, and 1 atrioventricular septal defect. There were 2 terminations of pregnancy, 2 fetal deaths, 2 lost to follow-up, and 11 live born. Mean gestational age at birth was 36.4 weeks (range 26-39). Three patients died shortly after birth with comfort care, and 8 were actively managed. Six patients underwent postnatal cardiac intervention and are currently alive with a mean follow-up of 7.3 years (range 1.4-11.4), 2 of them with chronic dependency on ventilatory support. Two patients without CHD died after attempted chest closure. When diagnosed in utero, a high proportion of pregnancy termination or fetal demise is expected. In our cohort, conotruncal anomalies were the most common associated CHD. Though mortality in actively managed patients was not as high as previously reported, and cardiac surgical intervention may be achieved, EC is still associated with high mortality and significant long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Escobar-Diaz
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Sherzana Sunderji
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco Benoiff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wayne Tworetzky
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita J Moon-Grady
- Fetal Treatment Center, University of California, San Francisco Benoiff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zucker EJ, Epelman M, Newman B. Perinatal Thoracic Mass Lesions: Pre- and Postnatal Imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:501-21. [PMID: 26614133 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chest masses present a common problem in the perinatal period. Advances in prenatal ultrasound, supplemented by fetal magnetic resonance imaging, now allow early detection and detailed characterization of many thoracic lesions in utero. As such, in asymptomatic infants, assessment with postnatal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can often be delayed for several months until the time at which surgery is being contemplated. Bronchopulmonary malformations comprise most of the thoracic masses encountered in clinical practice. However, a variety of other pathologies can mimic their appearances or produce similar effects such as hypoplasia of a lung or both lungs. Understanding of the key differentiating clinical and imaging features can assist in optimizing prognostication and timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Zucker
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA.
| | - Monica Epelman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - Beverley Newman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA
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9
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Diagnosis of pentalogy of cantrell in the first trimester using transvaginal sonography and color Doppler. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2015; 2015:179298. [PMID: 25802780 PMCID: PMC4352946 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell syndrome in the first trimester. During a routine transabdominal ultrasonographic examination, a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect including herniated liver and ectopia cordis with a large omphalocele containing the intestines and cystic hygroma was incidentally identified at the 12th week of gestation. A transvaginal sonography examination revealed a severe lumbosacral scoliosis in addition to the inability to visualize the abdominal aorta which was indicative of a severe intracardiac defect. The parents opted for pregnancy to be terminated. In this case report, we discuss the complementary role of transvaginal sonography and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis of Cantrell syndrome in early pregnancy.
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Torres US, Portela-Oliveira E, Braga FDCB, Werner H, Daltro PAN, Souza AS. When Closure Fails: What the Radiologist Needs to Know About the Embryology, Anatomy, and Prenatal Imaging of Ventral Body Wall Defects. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:522-36. [PMID: 26614134 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ventral body wall defects (VBWDs) are one of the main categories of human congenital malformations, representing a wide and heterogeneous group of defects sharing a common feature, that is, herniation of one or more viscera through a defect in the anterior body wall. Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the 2 most common congenital VBWDs. Other uncommon anomalies include ectopia cordis and pentalogy of Cantrell, limb-body wall complex, and bladder and cloacal exstrophy. Although VBWDs are associated with multiple abnormalities with distinct embryological origins and that may affect virtually any system organs, at least in relation to anterior body wall defects, they are thought (except for omphalocele) to share a common embryologic mechanism, that is, a failure involving the lateral body wall folds responsible for closing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic portions of the ventral body wall during the fourth week of development. Additionally, many of the principles of diagnosis and management are similar for these conditions. Fetal ultrasound (US) in prenatal care allows the diagnosis of most of such defects with subsequent opportunities for parental counseling and optimal perinatal management. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging may be an adjunct to US, providing global and detailed anatomical information, assessing the extent of defects, and also helping to confirm the diagnosis in equivocal cases. Prenatal imaging features of VBWDs may be complex and challenging, often requiring from the radiologist a high level of suspicion and familiarity with the imaging patterns. Because an appropriate management is dependent on an accurate diagnosis and assessment of defects, radiologists should be able to recognize and distinguish between the different VBWDs and their associated anomalies. In this article, we review the relevant embryology of VBWDs to facilitate understanding of the pathologic anatomy and diagnostic imaging approach. Features will be illustrated with prenatal US and magnetic resonance imaging and correlated with postnatal and clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysses S Torres
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Portela-Oliveira
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heron Werner
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem, CDPI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Soares Souza
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Pirasteh A, Carcano C, Kirsch J, Mohammed TLH. Pentalogy of Cantrell with Ectopia Cordis: CT Findings. J Radiol Case Rep 2014; 8:29-34. [PMID: 25926914 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v8i12.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-month-old girl with pentalogy of Cantrell, a very rare congenital syndrome characterized by an epigastric omphalocele and malformations of the heart, sternum, pericardium, and diaphragm, underwent echocardiography and multidetector computed tomography before surgical repair of these deformities was attempted. These tests revealed multiple cardiovascular and noncardiovascular abnormalities. After surgery, the patient's cardiovascular status was stable. Although studies have shown that echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may each play a role in the diagnosis and management of this condition, there are few data available to support the use of one imaging modality over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirasteh
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carolina Carcano
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Jacobo Kirsch
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Tan-Lucien H Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Mallula KK, Sosnowski C, Awad S. Spectrum of Cantrell's pentalogy: case series from a single tertiary care center and review of the literature. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:1703-10. [PMID: 23616208 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-013-0706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) was first described in 1958. It includes five anomalies: a deficiency of the anterior diaphragm, a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, a defect in the diaphragmatic pericardium, various congenital intracardiac abnormalities, and a defect of the lower sternum. Five patients showing the PC spectrum are reported. The report presents the prenatal diagnosis, the postnatal course, and the patients' outcome at a tertiary care center from June 2001 to May 2012. A literature review and the management plan for this group of patients also are discussed. All patient data were obtained via electronic medical records retrospectively after approval by the institutional review board at the home institution. The patients in the study were three males and two females. For all of the patients, a prenatal diagnosis had been determined. The mean gestational age at delivery was 36.6 weeks. One patient had associated cranial and spine malformations. All the patients had associated congenital heart disease but a normal karyotype. Four of the five patients died in the first year of life. The ages at death ranged from 0 to 259 days (mean, 46.2 ± 51.8 days). The patients who did not survive had withdrawal of care due to increased morbidity, associated complications, or parental wishes. The pentalogy of Cantrell is a wide spectrum of associations. Patients with the complete PC together with complex congenital heart disease or extracardiac malformations may have a poor prognosis. Incomplete PC cases may have a better outcome based on associated anomalies. Prenatal counseling plays a very important role in the decision-making process for the families and has a significant impact on the postnatal management. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for successful postpartum outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K Mallula
- Rush Center for Congenital and Structural Heart Disease, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Perales Puchalt A, Vila-Vives J, Subirá Nadal J, Baamonde Vidarte A, Perales Marín A. Utilidad de la ecografía del primer trimestre en el diagnóstico de la pentalogía de Cantrell: a propósito de un caso. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Restrepo MS, Cerqua A, Turek JW. Pentalogy of Cantrell with Ectopia Cordis Totalis, Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection, and Tetralogy of Fallot: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2013; 9:E129-34. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Santiago Restrepo
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Pediatric Cardiology; University of Iowa Children's Hospital-Carver College of Medicine; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Amanda Cerqua
- Perfusion Services; University of Iowa Children's Hospital-Carver College of Medicine; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Joseph W. Turek
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; University of Iowa Children's Hospital-Carver College of Medicine; Iowa City Iowa USA
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15
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Dong SZ, Zhu M, Li F. Preliminary experience with cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluation of fetal cardiovascular anomalies. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:40. [PMID: 23692653 PMCID: PMC3666966 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular system is the part of the fetal anatomy that most frequently suffers from congenital pathology. This study shows our preliminary experience with fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to evaluate congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. METHODS Between January 2006 and June 2011, Prenatal routine obstetric ultrasound (US), echocardiography and CMR data from 68 pregnant women carrying fetuses with congenital cardiovascular anomalies were compared with postnatal diagnoses (postnatal imagings, surgery and autopsy). All prenatal CMR was performed at 1.5 T. Imaging sequences included steady-state free-precession (SSFP) sequences, real-time SSFP and single-shot turbo spin echo (SSTSE) sequences. The images were analyzed with an anatomic segmental approach by two radiologists. RESULTS Fetal CMR yielded the same diagnosis as postnatal findings in 79% (54/68) of patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of routine obstetric US for cardiac anomalies was 46% (31/68). The diagnostic sensitivity of fetal echocardiographic examination by a fetal cardiac specialist was 82% (56/68). In 2 (3%) of 68 cases, diagnoses with both echocardiography and CMR were incorrect when compared with postnatal diagnosis. In ten (15%) cases, diagnosis at echocardiography was incorrect and that at CMR was correct. In twelve (18%) cases, diagnosis at echocardiography was correct and that at CMR was incorrect. Ten cases missed or misdiagnosed by echocardiography but correctly diagnosed by fetal CMR included asplenia syndrome (n = 2), interrupted inferior vena cava of polysplenia syndrome (n = 1), tricuspid incompetence (n = 1), double outlet right ventricle (n = 2), double aortic arch (n = 1), right pulmonary artery hypoplasia (n = 1), right-sided aortic arch of tetralogy of Fallot (n = 1) and hypoplastic left heart syndrome of a twin fetus (n = 1). CONCLUSION Fetal CMR is a promising diagnostic tool for assessment of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities, especially in situations that limit echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Dong
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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16
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Loomba RS, Chandrasekar S, Shah PH, Sanan P. The developing role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of congenital cardiac anomalies: A systematic review. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2012; 4:172-6. [PMID: 21976881 PMCID: PMC3180979 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.84665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the last few years have resulted in the exploring the use of fetal MRI to detect congenital cardiac anomalies. Early detection of congenital cardiac anomalies can help more appropriately manage the infant's delivery and neonatal management. MRI offers anatomical and functional studies and is a safe adjunct that can help more fully understand a fetus' cardiac anatomy. It is important for the obstetricians and pediatric cardiologists to be aware of the recent advancements in fetal MRI and it`s potential utility in diagnosing congenital cardiac anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit S Loomba
- Department of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School, 3333 North Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL
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17
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Ergenoğlu MA, Yeniel AÖ, Peker N, Kazandı M, Akercan F, Sağol S. Prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell pentalogy in first trimester screening: case report and review of literature. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13:145-8. [PMID: 24592026 DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell is a heterogeneous and rare thoraco-abdominal wall closure defect with the estimated prevalence of 1/65.000 to 1/200.000 births. Supraumbilical midline wall defect (generally omphalocele), deficiency of the anterior diaphragm and diaphragmatic peritoneum, defect of the lower sternum and several intracardiac defects are the components of Cantrell pentalogy. Etiology is unknown but a defect on the lateral mesoderm during the early stage of pregnancy is the most accepted hypothesis. Nowadays both 2- dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography are commonly used in diagnosis. In our case, a fetus with 11 weeks of gestation was reported as Cantrell pentalogy during first trimester screening. Additionally, unilateral limb defect and lumbar lordoscoliosis were detected through 3D sonography. Pregnancy was terminated according to parental desire. Karyotype was 46 XY. Early diagnosis is feasible in the first trimester if ectopia cordis and omphalocele exist. Additionally, development in ultrasound technology provides us with better visualization and early diagnosis. Prognosis seems to be poor in patients with complete Cantrell syndrome and patients with associated anomalies. Termination is the choice of treatment. Early diagnosis gives us a chance to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality related to termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Ahmet Ergenoğlu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A Özgür Yeniel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nuri Peker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Kazandı
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fuat Akercan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sermet Sağol
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Alguacil AF, Navarro PG, Benítez Linero I, Ontanilla López A. [Giant omphalocele correction in a patient with pentalogy of Cantrell]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 59:51-4. [PMID: 22429636 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital malformation characterised by a large defect in the lower region of the sternum, diaphragm, and lower abdominal region. It is also characterised by the migration of organs, and its prognosis depends on the presence of cardiac malformations. We present the case of an 18 year-old male subjected to a scheduled giant omphalocele correction. Invasive monitoring, including cardiac output, was used to avoid episodes of instability due to the increase in abdominal pressure and the increase in venous return (as had happened on two previous operations). The prognosis depends on multiple factors, with good haemodynamic and respiratory control being the most important. Mortality is high despite the advances in monitoring.
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Singh Y, Magon N, Chopra S, Kathpalia SK. Pentalogy of Cantrell: case report. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 67:291-2. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(11)60065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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20
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Atis A, Demirayak G, Saglam B, Aksoy F, Sen C. Craniorachischisis with a variant of pentalogy of Cantrell, with lung extrophy. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2011; 30:431-6. [PMID: 21812640 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2011.587500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A case of cranioraschischisis including incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is described. The female fetus had a large omphalocele with evisceration of the heart, left lung, liver, stomach, and intestines accompanying anencephaly, cervical, thoracal lumbar, spina bifida. The fetus had ectopia cordis and diaphragmatic agenesia with an intact sternum. We present a case of a neonate with the stigmata for PC with the exception of a sternal defect. A literature review is also included. Sonographers should check for ventral and dorsal anomalies with PC because they may occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Atis
- Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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21
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Rodgers EB, Monteagudo A, Santos R, Greco A, Timor-Tritsch IE. Diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell using 2- and 3-dimensional sonography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:1825-1828. [PMID: 21098854 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.12.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Rodgers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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22
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Riaño CE, Otoya JP, Gentile JI, Mosquera W, Socarrás JA, Castro JM, Cano DJ. Pentalogía de Cantrell (ectopia cordis): reporte de un caso. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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23
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Gün I, Kurdoğlu M, Müngen E, Muhcu M, Babacan A, Atay V. Prenatal diagnosis of vertebral deformities associated with pentalogy of Cantrell: the role of three-dimensional sonography? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2010; 38:446-449. [PMID: 20607852 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell was diagnosed in a fetus at 14 weeks of gestation, on routine two-dimensional sonographic examination with Doppler imaging, which revealed a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect including herniated liver, an ectopia cordis without intracardiac anomalies, and a large omphalocele containing intestines. Although left unilateral club foot deformity was also detected as an associated anomaly in the same examination, severe lumbar lordoscoliosis was only detected by using three-dimensional sonography because of the spatial configuration of the deformity. After termination of the pregnancy, postnatal inspection of the fetus confirmed the diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell associated with skeletal deformities and revealed low implant ears as an additional finding. Although two-dimensional sonography with Doppler imaging is sufficient to diagnose pentalogy of Cantrell, it may fail to show the complex vertebral deformities and three-dimensional sonography may assist in visualizing the defect accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Gün
- GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Chopra S, Kalpdev A, Suri V, Aggarwal N, Rohilla M. Complete ectopia cordis with anencephaly: a case report. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2010; 38:212-214. [PMID: 20232401 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of pentalogy of Cantrell with anencephaly diagnosed in utero on 2-dimensional sonography at 17 weeks of gestation. Due to associated anencephaly, termination of pregnancy was carried out. Histopathological examination confirmed the sonographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Chopra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
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25
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Pete B, Hajdú J, Harmath A, Csapó Z, Papp C, Szigeti Z, Rigó J. [Pentalogy of Cantrell: six new cases]. Orv Hetil 2009; 150:2068-73. [PMID: 19861294 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2009.28744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cantrell's pentalogy is a rare multiple malformation syndrome consisting of supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, sternal defect, pericardial defect, anterior diaphragmatic defect and heart malformation. AIMS AND METHODS Prenatal ultrasound findings and malformations described during autopsy of the Cantrell's pentalogy cases diagnosed between January 1991 and June 2009 in our institute were reviewed. A literature research was conducted to analyze the prevalence and prenatal detection rate of the five previously described malformations and ectopia cordis in the Cantrell's pentalogy cases. RESULTS Six cases of Cantrell's pentalogy were diagnosed during the study period in our department. Sonography detected multiple malformations in 3 cases, and isolated malformation in 3 cases. Analyzing the data of 49 Cantrell's pentalogy cases altogether showed that, beside abdominal wall defect and ectopia cordis which had the highest prenatal detection rate (83% and 91% with a prevalence of 94% and 69%, respectively), sternal defect and anterior diaphragmatic hernia were also present in a large number of the cases (80% and 73% respectively). CONCLUSION Sonographic identification of the sternal defect or diaphragmatic hernia may help to differentiate Cantrell's pentalogy from malformations part of the syndrome but occurring as isolated defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pete
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar I. Szülészeti és Nogyógyászati Klinika, Budapest.
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Outcome of children with Pentalogy of Cantrell following cardiac surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2009; 30:426-30. [PMID: 19322603 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-009-9410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although single individual reports have documented outcomes in children with pentalogy of are few data available for postoperative outcome of this cohort of patients after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the clinical details of patients with pentalogy of Cantrell managed at two centers. Two cardiac surgical institutions retrospectively studied all patients with pentalogy of Cantrell and significant congenital heart disease who underwent surgical intervention, excluding PDA ligation, between 1992 and 2004. Seven children with pentalogy of Cantrell underwent surgical intervention at a median age of 60 days (range, 1-11 months). Three patients had tetralogy of Fallot, two double outlet right ventricle, one patient had tricuspid atresia, and one patient a perimembranous ventricular septal defect. The mean duration of postoperative ventilation was 112.8 days (range, 4-335 days) but three patients required ventilation for more than 100 days. Patients who had a preoperative diaphragmatic plication required a longer duration of ventilation (mean = 186.5 days [range, 100-273 days] compared with mean = 132 days [range, 4-335 days]). Four patients survived, with three patients weaned from ventilation. Three patients had withdrawal of care following failure to wean from ventilation, following multisystem organ failure, and at the request of their parents. In conclusion, the postoperative care of children with pentalogy of Cantrell after cardiac surgery is often complicated by prolonged need for ventilatory support and multiple postoperative complications. Earlier surgical intervention does not necessarily reduce morbidity and mortality. These data may help in the counseling of parents prior to surgical intervention.
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Peixoto-Filho FM, do Cima LC, Nakamura-Pereira M. Prenatal diagnosis of Pentalogy of Cantrell in the first trimester: is 3-dimensional sonography needed? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2009; 37:112-114. [PMID: 18506752 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the prenatal diagnosis of 2 cases of Pentalogy of Cantrell in the first trimester. In case 1, sonographic evaluation revealed ectopia cordis, omphalocele, and cystic hygroma at 10 weeks' gestation. In case 2, sonographic assessment during the first trimester detected ectopia cordis and omphalocele at 11 weeks' gestation. In both cases, the patient opted for elective pregnancy termination, and Pentalogy of Cantrell was confirmed in 2 male fetuses. We discuss the role of Doppler imaging and 3-dimensional sonography as complementary methods to conventional sonographic assessment of abdominal wall defects at early pregnancy.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Wall/abnormalities
- Abdominal Wall/diagnostic imaging
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging
- Abnormalities, Multiple/surgery
- Abortion, Induced
- Adult
- Ectopia Cordis/diagnostic imaging
- Ectopia Cordis/surgery
- Female
- Hernia, Umbilical/diagnostic imaging
- Hernia, Umbilical/surgery
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Lymphangioma, Cystic/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphangioma, Cystic/surgery
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Sternum/abnormalities
- Sternum/diagnostic imaging
- Syndrome
- Ultrasonography, Doppler
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Maia Peixoto-Filho
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IFF-FIOCRUZ), Avenida Rui Barbosa 716, 3 degrees Andar, Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Abstract
A 7-month-old white female with Pentalogy of Cantrell was imaged using 64 slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with 3D mapping to better determine the extent of cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal malformations. Complimentary to ultrasound, the use of 3D 64 slice MDCT can facilitate effective diagnosis and treatment planning in cases of Pentalogy of Cantrell.
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30
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Som PP, Naik S. Antenatal Diagnosis of Omphalocele. Med J Armed Forces India 2008; 64:276-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(08)80118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Moniotte S, Powell AJ, Barnewolt CE, Annese D, Geva T. Prenatal diagnosis of thoracic ectopia cordis by real-time fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and by echocardiography. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2008; 3:128-31. [PMID: 18380762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2008.00168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital defect commonly associated with intra- and extra-cardiac anomalies. This report highlights the complimentary use of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for detailed prenatal characterization of the anomaly at 23-week gestation.
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van Hoorn JHL, Moonen RMJ, Huysentruyt CJR, van Heurn LWE, Offermans JPM, Mulder ALMT. Pentalogy of Cantrell: two patients and a review to determine prognostic factors for optimal approach. Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167:29-35. [PMID: 17674044 PMCID: PMC2668557 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-007-0578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with incomplete pentalogy of Cantrell are described. The first was a girl with a large omphalocele with evisceration of the heart, liver and intestines with an intact sternum. Echocardiography showed profound intracardiac defects. The girl died 33 h after birth. The second patient was a female fetus with ectopia cordis (EC) without intracardiac anomalies; a large omphalocele with evisceration of the heart, stomach, spleen and liver; a hypoplastic sternum and rib cage; and a scoliosis. The pregnancy was terminated. A review of patients described in the literature is presented with the intention of finding prognostic factors for an optimal approach to patients with the pentalogy of Cantrell. In conclusion the prognosis seems to be poorer in patients with the complete form of pentalogy of Cantrell, EC, and patients with associated anomalies. Intracardial defects do not seem to be a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H. L. van Hoorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M. J. Moonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clément J. R. Huysentruyt
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L. W. Ernest van Heurn
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P. M. Offermans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. L. M. Twan Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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