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Linnane N, Kenny DP, Hijazi ZM. Congenital heart disease: addressing the need for novel lower-risk percutaneous interventional strategies. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:329-336. [PMID: 37114439 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2208862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the advent of improved neonatal care, increasingly vulnerable higher-risk patients with complex congenital heart anomalies are presenting for intervention. This group of patients will always have a higher risk of an adverse event during a procedure but by recognising this risk and with the introduction risk scoring systems and thus the development of novel lower risk procedures, the rate of adverse events can be reduced. AREA COVERED This article reviews risk scoring systems for congenital catheterization and demonstrates how they can be used to reduce the rate of adverse events. Then novel low risk strategies are discussed for low weight infants e.g. patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent insertion; premature infants e.g. PDA device closure; and transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement. Finally, how risk is assessed and managed within the inherent bias of an institution is discussed. EXPERT OPINION There has been a remarkable improvement in the rate of adverse events in congenital cardiac interventions but now, as the benchmark of mortality rate is switched to morbidity and quality of life, continued innovation into lower risk strategies and understanding inherent bias when assessing risk will be key to continuing this improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Linnane
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D P Kenny
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z M Hijazi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Jordan University, Amman, Jordan
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McMahon CJ, Sendžikaitė S, Jegatheeswaran A, Cheung YF, Madjalany DS, Hjortdal V, Redington AN, Jacobs JP, Asoodar M, Sibbald M, Geva T, van Merrienboer JJG, Tretter JT. Managing uncertainty in decision-making of common congenital cardiac defects. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:1705-1717. [PMID: 36300500 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122003316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making in congenital cardiac care, although sometimes appearing simple, may prove challenging due to lack of data, uncertainty about outcomes, underlying heuristics, and potential biases in how we reach decisions. We report on the decision-making complexities and uncertainty in management of five commonly encountered congenital cardiac problems: indications for and timing of treatment of subaortic stenosis, closure or observation of small ventricular septal defects, management of new-onset aortic regurgitation in ventricular septal defect, management of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in an asymptomatic patient, and indications for operating on a single anomalously draining pulmonary vein. The strategy underpinning each lesion and the indications for and against intervention are outlined. Areas of uncertainty are clearly delineated. Even in the presence of "simple" congenital cardiac lesions, uncertainty exists in decision-making. Awareness and acceptance of uncertainty is first required to facilitate efforts at mitigation. Strategies to circumvent uncertainty in these scenarios include greater availability of evidence-based medicine, larger datasets, standardised clinical assessment and management protocols, and potentially the incorporation of artificial intelligence into the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J McMahon
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin4, Ireland
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Skaistė Sendžikaitė
- Clinic of Children´s Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anusha Jegatheeswaran
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, The Labatt Family Heart Center, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yiu-Fai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Vibeke Hjortdal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Congenital Heart Center, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maryam Asoodar
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Sibbald
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tal Geva
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen J G van Merrienboer
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Justin T Tretter
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's, 9500 Euclid Avenue, M-41, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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