Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) presenting as a dumbbell tumor

Neuroleukemiosis: Diagnosis and management

An exceedingly rare manifestation of leukemia, termed neuroleukemiosis, involves peripheral nerve infiltration by leukemic cells. Patients with neuroleukemiosis typically present with a peripheral neuropathy and/or chloromatous masses. The diagnosis is supported by, and established with, electrophysiologic testing, imaging, histopathology, and immunophenotyping. We present the case of 21 year old male with multiply relapsed M4 type of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who presented with extremity pain and was subsequently found to have multiple cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral nerve root masses. A diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis was established via CT-guided biopsy and immunophenotyping. The patient's neuroleukemiosis responded well to chemotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusions, and spinal irradiation. The literature is reviewed regarding this interesting and rare clinical condition.

Chronic lower limb ulcer? No--chloroma!

Extra medullary deposits are often associated with myeloproliferative disorders, especially with myeloid neoplasia. These are called granulocytic sarcoma, aleukemic leukemia cutis, myeloblastoma, chloroleukemia, extra-medullary myeloid tumor, and chloroma. They commonly present in the bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph nodes, and the skin but can occur anywhere. The authors present their experience with a patient with no history of neoplasm presented with a nonhealing ulcer of the lower limb that was a chloroma associated with chronic myeloid leukemia.