1
|
Handa A, Bedoya MA, Iwasaka-Neder J, Johnston PR, Lo MS, Bixby SD. Measuring synovial thickness on knee MRI in pediatric patients with arthritis: is contrast necessary? Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:988-1000. [PMID: 38641735 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of contrast-enhanced imaging has long been standard for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments of synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, advancements in MRI technology have allowed for reliable identification of synovium without contrast. OBJECTIVE To assess the equivalence of unenhanced MRI with contrast-enhanced MRI in evaluating synovial thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an institutional review board approved, retrospective study performed in a tertiary children's hospital. Pediatric JIA patients under 21 years old were included who underwent knee MRI scans (1.5 T or 3 T) without and with contrast between January 2012 and January 2022. Two radiologists independently measured synovial thickness at 6 knee sites on contrast-enhanced and unenhanced sequences. Numerical measurements and ordinal scores based on juvenile idiopathic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging scoring (JAMRIS) system were recorded, and tests of equivalence were conducted, as well as between-reader and within-reader reliability by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). All tests were considered significant at the 5% level. RESULTS A total of 38 studies from 35 patients (25 females, median age 14 years; interquartile range 7 to 15.7) were included. Equivalence was demonstrated at each of the 6 sites for both continuous measurements (P-values < 0.05) and ordinal scores (P-values < 0.05) based on the average over readers. Within-reader reliability was moderate to high (CCC 0.50-0.89), except for the cruciate ligaments site. Averaged over the 6 sites, reliability between readers was low for unenhanced (CCC 0.47, with 95% CI: [0.41, 0.53]) and moderate for contrast-enhanced (CCC 0.64, with 95% CI: [0.59, 0.69]) sequences. CONCLUSION Unenhanced knee MRI is equivalent to contrast-enhanced MRI in assessment of synovial thickness using conventional MRI sequences. Contrast material helped improve inter-reader reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Handa
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - M Alejandra Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jade Iwasaka-Neder
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Patrick R Johnston
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mindy S Lo
- Department of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah D Bixby
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ključevšek D, Potočnik Tumpaj V, Gazikalović A. The role of radiography in diagnosing, monitoring and prognosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:481-489. [PMID: 37640799 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The current role of conventional radiography in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is reviewed, as its role has changed with the increasing use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as with the introduction of biological drugs. Conventional radiography does not play an important role in the diagnosis of JIA, as this is based on history, clinical examination and laboratory findings. The main role of conventional radiography is in the detection and monitoring of growth disorders and chronic structural and morphological changes of the affected joints and bones, in addition to helping with the differential diagnosis of conditions that mimic JIA. Radiographic changes of the joints depend on the age of the child, the type and duration of arthritis and the specific joints affected. There are no standard protocols for arthritis monitoring and most indications for imaging are based on individual case-by-case decisions. The development of degenerative joint changes is considered a poor predictive factor, but there are no clear studies that more precisely define the predictive value of radiographic changes. Conventional radiography remains an important imaging modality in narrowing the differential diagnosis and in evaluating growth disorders and the developing destructive joint changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Ključevšek
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vesna Potočnik Tumpaj
- Department of Radiology, General hospital of Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Ana Gazikalović
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tarsia M, Zajc Avramovič M, Gazikalović A, Ključevšek D, Avčin T. A clinical perspective on imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:490-504. [PMID: 38015293 PMCID: PMC10984900 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, imaging has become increasingly important to confirm diagnosis, monitor disease activity, and predict disease course and outcome in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Over the past few decades, great efforts have been made to improve the quality of diagnostic imaging and to reach a consensus on which methods and scoring systems to use. However, there are still some critical issues, and the diagnosis, course, and management of JIA are closely related to clinical assessment. This review discusses the main indications for conventional radiography (XR), musculoskeletal ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while trying to maintain a clinical perspective. The diagnostic-therapeutic timing at which one or the other method should be used, depending on the disease/patient phenotype, will be assessed, considering the main advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality according to the currently available literature. Some brief clinical case scenarios on the most frequently and severely involved joints in JIA are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tarsia
- Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mojca Zajc Avramovič
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20 SI-1525, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Gazikalović
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Ključevšek
- Department of Radiology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva ulica 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Avčin
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20 SI-1525, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Navallas M, Tolend M, Otobo TM, Panwar J, Clemente EJI, Hemke R, van Rossum MA, Doria AS. Developing standards for MRI evaluation of joints in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis utilizing the temporomandibular joint as a model. Jpn J Radiol 2024; 42:56-68. [PMID: 37626169 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is best monitored with standardized and validated tools to measure joint changes over time. Treatment approaches are best indicated if the clinicians are aware of the structural status of the joint at a given time, especially in anatomically deep joints for which clinical assessment is limited. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of utmost importance for assessment of deep joints and extra-articular soft tissue of the entire body for which ultrasound may be suboptimal. Because the distinction between pathologic and physiologic joint changes on MRI is key for proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with arthropathies, a comprehensive standardized approach is needed to effectively measure outcomes of growing joints of children with JIA. Such an approach is essential for both clinical assessment and to conduct clinical trials in patients with JIA treated in different centers around the world. To meet this need, several international imaging collaborative research groups have been developing MRI scales over the past years, including the MRI in JIA (JAMRI) special interest group within the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) research network. This manuscript reviews the efforts of the OMERACT JAMRI working group to generate and validate pediatric MRI scoring systems for different joints in children with JIA that can have ubiquitous utilization anywhere in the world. In particular, it describes the different steps of development and validation of an MRI scale using the TMJ as a model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Navallas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging. Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirkamal Tolend
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tarimobo M Otobo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jyoti Panwar
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Tweed Hospital, Lumus Imaging, Tweed Heads, NSW, Australia
| | - Emilio J Inarejos Clemente
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging. Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona Children Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion A van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center | Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea S Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rotolo RP, d'Apuzzo F, Femiano F, Nucci L, Minervini G, Grassia V. Comparison between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1082-1092. [PMID: 37301975 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the correlation between Ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with JIA and to investigate the association with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022312734). Databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature were searched. Eligibility criteria were patients with JIA subjected to diagnostic evaluation using US and MRI. No language restrictions were applied. After duplicate study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment according to Cochrane were conducted. Data extraction of patients was conducted by two independent authors. RESULTS Five observational studies were included with 217 participants (153 females and 64 males; mean age 11.3 years). The quality of the studies was overall satisfactory. The correlation between US and MRI in children with JIA was 'moderate' in acute arthritis while the chronic arthritis correlated positively in two studies. CONCLUSIONS Even if MRI remains the more accurate imaging modality for the detection of TMJ of patients with JIA, US may be useful to early detect pathological conditions and to address the patient with JIA and putative TMJ involvement to a more accurate diagnosis with MRI and consequent appropriate treatment management. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MRI should be deemed necessary only secondary to less-invasive assessments with US just to confirm the diagnosis or to increase sensitivity, accuracy of positive predictive values detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Patricia Rotolo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizia d'Apuzzo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Femiano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grassia
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim DH, Lee JH, Jeong MJ, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim SH, Kang MJ. [Rice Bodies Presenting as Intra-Articular Masses in Pediatric Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case Report]. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2023; 84:731-735. [PMID: 37324987 PMCID: PMC10265230 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice bodies are commonly detected in adults with rheumatoid arthritis and rarely occur in children. An 11-year-old female adolescent who visited our hospital for evaluation of knee pain underwent a MRI scan, which revealed an intra-articular mass. Arthroscopic examination of the mass confirmed conglomerated rice bodies. We report a case of rice bodies that clinically presented as intra-articular masses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Role of Ultrasound Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081254. [PMID: 36010144 PMCID: PMC9406954 DOI: 10.3390/children9081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is childhood’s most frequent chronic rheumatic disease. JIA is a broad term that includes all arthritides starting before 16 years, lasting at least six weeks, and of unknown cause. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) could be involved in JIA both at onset and during the disease course. The presence of TMJ synovitis might severely impair dentofacial maturation in pediatric patients. The ultrasound (US) application to detect early signs of TMJ synovitis in children with JIA has provided contradictory results. We sought to assess the current role of TMJ US in JIA through a systematic literature review. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The literature search found 345 records. After duplicates removal, 253 records were screened, 20 full-text articles were reviewed to assess their eligibility, and 7 of them were included in the qualitative analysis. Joint effusion was the most recorded parameter, followed by bony condylar abnormalities. Compared to contrast enhancement MRI, the capability to detect signs of active synovitis of TMJ by US is low, especially at the early stages. Conclusion: Understanding how US may help diagnose and manage children with JIA is advisable for several reasons. MRI cannot be frequently repeated, may need sedation, and is expensive. The constant technical improvement of US will undoubtedly allow for better evaluation of what, in the past, was not clear or not even captured by sonography. So far, the role of US in the assessment of TMJ involvement in JIA is indubitably secondary to the MRI. Even so, we think that a baseline MRI of TMJ and the repetition of the sonography over time might both help the interpretation of US images and intercept significative changes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Physical Examination Tool for Swollen and Tender Lower Limb Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Pilot Diagnostic Accuracy Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084517. [PMID: 35457387 PMCID: PMC9029970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children, with lower limb involvement highly prevalent. Recent evidence has highlighted the lack of specific lower limb physical examination (PE) tools for clinicians assisting the paediatric rheumatology team in identifying lower extremity disease in patients with JIA. Early clinical detection may lead to more prompt and targeted interventions to reduce lower limb problems in children with JIA. The aim of this pilot study is to provide preliminary data on the diagnostic accuracy of a lower limb PE tool in JIA. METHODS Children with JIA requiring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on their lower limb joints per their usual care were eligible. Lower limb joint counts were conducted clinically by a podiatrist and paediatric rheumatologist using the proposed twenty joint per side, PE tool. The PE were compared to MRI assessments completed by two independent paediatric radiologists. Data were analysed using agreement (observed, positive and negative) and Cohen's kappa with 95% CIs. RESULTS Fifteen participants were recruited into the study in which 600 lower limb joints were clinically examined. Statistical analysis showed excellent inter-rater reliability between podiatrist and paediatric rheumatologist for both joint swelling and tenderness. Results of the intra-rater reliability of the podiatrist using the PE tool indicated excellent percentage agreements (98.5-100%) and substantial kappa coefficients (0.93-1). The inter-rater reliability between radiological assessments contrasted the PE results, showing low agreement and poor reliability. Comparisons between PE and MRI resulted in poor kappa coefficients and low agreement percentages. The most agreeable joint between MRI and PE was the ankle joint, while the worst performing joint was the sub-talar joint. CONCLUSION Results indicate potential clinical reliability; however, the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the proposed PE tool remains unclear due to low kappa coefficients and inconsistent agreements between PE and MRI results. Further research will be required before the tool may be used in a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jana M, Mittal D, Bagri N, Yadav R, Parihar V, Bagri NK. Role of Imaging in Childhood Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:e539-e544. [PMID: 33843776 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of various childhood arthritis. Conventional radiography is the most commonly ordered imaging modality for the evaluation of arthritis. Owing to their higher sensitivity for detecting synovitis, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography are increasingly being used to guide clinical management of various forms of arthritis, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging is a preferred modality for evaluating more complex sites such as the sacroiliac joint. In this review, we have discussed the rational use and the characteristic imaging features of common childhood arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Jana
- From the Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
| | - Disha Mittal
- From the Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
| | - Neha Bagri
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Yadav
- From the Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
| | - Vivek Parihar
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Bagri
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Windschall D, Malattia C, Krumrey-Langkammerer M, Trauzeddel R. Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Kinderrheumatologie. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1737-3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Artikel gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der
Ultraschallbefundung in der Kinderrheumatologie und geht insbesondere auf den
praktischen Einsatz und die technischen Aspekte der Gelenksonografie ein. Dabei
werden auch die wissenschaftlichen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre
zusammengefasst und berücksichtigt. Neben der Gelenksonografie wird die
Ultraschalltechnik in der Kinderrheumatologie zunehmend auch auf weitere
Körperregionen und -organe ausgeweitet, die für die
kinderrheumatologische Diagnostik relevant sind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Windschall
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Rheumatologisches
Kompetenzzentrum Nordwestdeutschland, St. Josef-Stift Sendenhorst, Sendenhorst,
Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Clara Malattia
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini Istituto
Pediatrico di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Genova,
Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and
Maternal Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Krumrey-Langkammerer
- German Center for Rheumatology in Children and Adolescents, Deutsches
Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie Garmisch-Partenkirchen,
Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ralf Trauzeddel
- Department für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Klinik
für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Helios Klinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tonni I, Borghesi A, Tonesi S, Fossati G, Ricci F, Visconti L. An ultrasound protocol for temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a pilot study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200399. [PMID: 34233508 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As it is well known, the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is important to avoid the impairment of mandibular growth. In this context, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard for detection of TMJ involvement, however it is expensive and requires patients' collaboration. The aim of this study was to evaluate if ultrasound may be used as an alternative tool to investigate the acute signs of TMJ involvement in JIA patients. METHODS Lateral periarticular space (LPAS) and joint effusion were evaluated by ultrasound in a study Group A of 8 JIA children (11.6±3.5 years old) with 14 TMJs involved, as confirmed by MRI, and in a control Group B of 7 healthy children (9.3±1.2 years old) without temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The LPAS width values were compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney test. The ultrasound images of the JIA group were then matched with the corresponding MR images; the Spearman Rank Correlation test and the Bland-Altman test were used to evaluate the differences. RESULTS The LPAS values in Group A were statistically significantly higher than those in Group B (p < 0.001). There was no overlap of the LPAS values confidence intervals (CIs) between the two groups. No signs of joint effusion were identified in groups A and B. The Spearman test applied to the values of LPAS measured in ultrasound and the corresponding MR images showed a proportional positive correlation with a ρ of 0.623 and a p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound can detect differences in the TMJ features between JIA patients and healthy patients and it might be used as a follow-up tool in the assessment of TMJ involvement in subject affected by JIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Tonni
- Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghesi
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Tonesi
- Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Fossati
- Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Paediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Visconti
- Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gohar F, Windschall D. The new role of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the treat-to-target management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2046-2053. [PMID: 33493330 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) for the diagnosis, monitoring and treat-to-target management of JIA. Technological advancements in MSUS allow more precise evaluation of arthritis, tenosynovitis and enthesitis versus clinical examination alone, which may assist treatment decisions. In adult studies, serum and synovial biomarkers have correlated with MSUS findings. Within paediatric rheumatology, significant developments in the definition of normal and pathology, a necessity for the future integration of MSUS into treat-to-target management, have already been reached or are underway, which in turn could allow tighter control of disease activity and earlier identification of treatment response and failure, bringing the goal of 'precision medicine' closer. Additionally, the utility of MSUS for the evaluation of subclinical disease remains an unexamined area of interest. 'Ultrasound remission' combined with clinical assessment and immunological markers could therefore potentially improve the treat-to-target management of JIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faekah Gohar
- Clinic of Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, St. Josef-Stift Sendenhorst, Northwest German Center for Rheumatology, Sendenhorst, Germany
| | - Daniel Windschall
- Clinic of Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, St. Josef-Stift Sendenhorst, Northwest German Center for Rheumatology, Sendenhorst, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Reumatologia 2021; 58:416-423. [PMID: 33456085 PMCID: PMC7792535 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term for a group of diseases in children younger than 16 years old lasting six weeks or longer. Synovitis may lead to destructive and irreversible joint changes with subsequent functional impairment. Prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent permanent joint damage and preserve joint functionality. In the course of JIA both the axial and peripheral skeleton may be involved in the inflammatory process, but the knee joint is most frequently affected. New drugs and treatment protocols have forced the need for diagnosis at the earliest possible stage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows early detection of lesions and constitutes a superior diagnostic imaging method. Synovitis, tenosynovitis, enthesitis, bursitis, osteitis, cartilage loss, bone cysts, and erosions are lesions diagnosed in JIA, and they can be precisely imaged in MRI. This article aims to present MRI inflammatory features of the knee in children with JIA based on the literature.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gattu R, Partyka L, Phatak T. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the lumbosacral spine of a toddler: Periarticular osteopenia in a rare location. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:2445-2448. [PMID: 33005282 PMCID: PMC7519268 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a group of childhood inflammatory arthropathies that affects multiple joints including the spine, particularly the cervical region. There is paucity of literature regarding JIA in the lumbosacral spine; the few published studies which discuss imaging findings in the lumbosacral spine only include cohorts of older children and adolescents. We present a 22-month-old boy with refusal to walk, in which plain radiographs and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine suggested a diagnosis of JIA.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Joint pain is a common symptom in children and adolescents. While there are many causes of joint pain in children, most of these are acute or not related to underlying joint inflammation. Chronic arthritis, however, can be one of the reasons behind the joint pain. The most common causes of chronic arthritis in children are categorized under juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important clinical features, work-up, and medical management of the different subtypes of JIA.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The role of ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of paediatric rheumatic diseases with special emphasis on recent scientific work regarding the evidence base and standardization of this technique is being reviewed. An overview of the most important practical aspects for the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound in a clinical setting is also provided. Huge scientific efforts and advances in recent years illustrate the increasing importance of musculoskeletal ultrasound in pediatric rheumatology. Several studies focused on setting an evidence-based standard for the ultrasound appearance of healthy and normal joints in children of all age groups. Physiologic vascularization and ossification were two main aspects of these studies. Other publications demonstrate that ultrasound imaging is also an important and useful tool to detect pathology as synovitis, tenosynovitis or enthesitis in children and to monitor pediatric patients with rheumatic conditions. Important practical aspects include training in the use of correct ultrasound techniques, as well as knowledge and experience of normal pediatric sonoanatomy and the appearance of pathological findings on ultrasound.
Collapse
|
17
|
Is power Doppler ultrasound useful to evaluate temporomandibular joint inflammatory activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:1237-1240. [PMID: 31396836 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of power Doppler ultrasound (US) in assessing the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the reference standard. METHODS We evaluated the US and MRI examinations of the TMJs from 92 JIA patients. These exams were done and scored for inflammatory activity on the same date. RESULTS There were considerable differences between the US and MRI findings, with MRI detecting more effectively the TMJ involvement. No association was found between synovial inflammation obtained using power Doppler US to assess synovial vascularity determined by US images and synovial enhancement determined by MRI images. US had very poor sensitivity and very low positive predictive value to detect TMJ arthritis in JIA patients compared with MRI as the reference standard. CONCLUSIONS Power Doppler US cannot replace MRI for the detection of TMJ inflammatory involvement in JIA patients.Key Points• The early diagnosis of TMJ involvement in JIA patients is very important in order to prevent disturbances in the mandibular growth.• Power Doppler US could be a useful diagnostic tool as a screening exam to identify inflammatory activity in this joint.• However, power Doppler US did not show to have this function and cannot replace MRI for the detection of TMJ inflammatory involvement in JIA patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Safdar NM, Rigsby CK, Iyer RS, Alazraki AL, Anupindi SA, Bardo DME, Brown BP, Chan SS, Chandra T, Dillman JR, Dorfman SR, Garber MD, Lam HFS, Nguyen JC, Siegel A, Widmann RF, Karmazyn B. ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Acutely Limping Child Up To Age 5. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15:S252-S262. [PMID: 30392594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Imaging plays in important role in the evaluation of the acutely limping child. The decision-making process about initial imaging must consider the level of suspicion for infection and whether symptoms can be localized. The appropriateness of specific imaging examinations in the acutely limping child to age 5 years is discussed with attention in each clinical scenario to the role of radiography, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Common causes of limping such as toddler's fracture, septic arthritis, transient synovitis, and osteomyelitis are discussed. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia K Rigsby
- Panel Chair, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ramesh S Iyer
- Panel Vice-Chair, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Brandon P Brown
- Riley Hospital for Children Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew D Garber
- Wolfson Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida; American Academy of Pediatrics
| | - H F Samuel Lam
- Sutter Medical Center Sacramento, Sacramento, California; American College of Emergency Physicians
| | - Jie C Nguyen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan Siegel
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Roger F Widmann
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
| | - Boaz Karmazyn
- Specialty Chair, Riley Hospital for Children Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Miller E, Inarejos Clemente EJ, Tzaribachev N, Guleria S, Tolend M, Meyers AB, von Kalle T, Stimec J, Koos B, Appenzeller S, Arvidsson LZ, Kirkhus E, Doria AS, Kellenberger CJ, Larheim TA. Imaging of temporomandibular joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis with a focus on developing a magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:792-800. [PMID: 29766249 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-4005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and damage in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) often develop without clinical symptoms but can lead to severe facial growth abnormalities and impaired health-related quality of life, making early diagnosis of TMJ changes crucial to identify. Inflammatory and osteochondral changes detectable through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) occur in TMJs of approximately 40% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and no other imaging modality or physical method of examination can reliably detect these changes. Therefore contrast-enhanced MRI is the diagnostic standard for diagnosis and interval monitoring of JIA. However the specific usage of MRI for TMJ arthritis is not standardized at present. There is a recognized need for a consensus effort toward standardization of an imaging protocol with required and optional sequences to improve detection of pathological changes and shorten study time. Such a consensus imaging protocol is important for providing maximum information with minimally necessary sequences in a way that allows inter-site comparison of results of clinical trials and improved clinical management. In this paper we describe the challenges of TMJ imaging and present expert-panel consensus suggestions for a standardized TMJ MRI protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elka Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mirkamal Tolend
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 08.9840-L4, Toronto, ON, M5G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Arthur B Meyers
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Thekla von Kalle
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiologisches Institut, Olgahospital Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stimec
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernd Koos
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Linda Z Arvidsson
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Kirkhus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea S Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tore A Larheim
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dimitriou C, Boitsios G, Badot V, Lê PQ, Goffin L, Simoni P. Imaging of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Radiol Clin North Am 2017; 55:1071-1083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
21
|
Ultrasound imaging of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:1160-1170. [PMID: 28779188 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic entity of childhood. The hallmark feature of all subtypes is joint inflammation. Imaging is used to evaluate the extent and severity of inflammation, degree of joint damage and response to treatment, which in turn impacts patient management. Ultrasound has become a useful adjunct to clinical examination because it shows promise in evaluating clinical and subclinical inflammation (synovitis, enthesitis) as well as cartilage and bone erosive changes. However more collaborative research is needed to help define the normal appearance of the growing skeleton, clarify the significance of subclinical findings and develop useful definitions, imaging protocols and scoring systems of disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Joint Fluid, Bone Marrow Edemalike Changes, and Ganglion Cysts in the Pediatric Wrist: Features That May Mimic Pathologic Abnormalities-Follow-Up of a Healthy Cohort. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 208:1352-1357. [PMID: 28333544 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presence of findings at wrist MRI that may mimic disease is a diagnostic problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the occurrence of bone marrow changes resembling edema, joint fluid, and ganglion cysts over time, in a cohort of healthy children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four of 89 healthy children included in a study of normal MRI findings of the wrists were reexamined after a period of 4 years, using the same 1.5-T MRI technique-namely, a coronal T1-weighted and a T2-weighted fat-saturated sequence. A history of handedness, diseases, and sports activity was noted. RESULTS Bone marrow edema or edemalike changes were seen in 29 of 74 (39.2%) wrists in 2013 as compared with 35 of 72 (48.6%) wrists in 2009 (p = 0.153), all in different locations. Changes were found in central parts of the bone, on both sides of a joint, or near bony depressions. Fifty percent of all subjects had at least one fluid pocket greater than or equal to 2 mm. The location was unchanged in 47% of the joints. In 24% of the individuals, at least one ganglion cyst was seen. Six ganglion cysts present on the first scan were not seen on the follow-up scan, and 11 new ganglion cysts had appeared. CONCLUSION Awareness of normal MRI appearances of the growing skeleton is crucial when interpreting MRI of children, and such findings must not be interpreted as pathologic abnormalities.
Collapse
|
23
|
Navallas M, Inarejos EJ, Iglesias E, Cho Lee GY, Rodríguez N, Antón J. MR Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Technique and Findings. Radiographics 2017; 37:595-612. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Navallas
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.N., E.J.I.), Rheumatology (E.I., J.A.), and Rehabilitation (N.R.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Torrejón, Madrid, Spain (G.Y.C.L.)
| | - Emilio J. Inarejos
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.N., E.J.I.), Rheumatology (E.I., J.A.), and Rehabilitation (N.R.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Torrejón, Madrid, Spain (G.Y.C.L.)
| | - Estíbaliz Iglesias
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.N., E.J.I.), Rheumatology (E.I., J.A.), and Rehabilitation (N.R.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Torrejón, Madrid, Spain (G.Y.C.L.)
| | - Gui Youn Cho Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.N., E.J.I.), Rheumatology (E.I., J.A.), and Rehabilitation (N.R.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Torrejón, Madrid, Spain (G.Y.C.L.)
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.N., E.J.I.), Rheumatology (E.I., J.A.), and Rehabilitation (N.R.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Torrejón, Madrid, Spain (G.Y.C.L.)
| | - Jordi Antón
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.N., E.J.I.), Rheumatology (E.I., J.A.), and Rehabilitation (N.R.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Torrejón, Madrid, Spain (G.Y.C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Collado P, Malattia C. Imaging in paediatric rheumatology: Is it time for imaging? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016; 30:720-735. [PMID: 27931964 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of arthritides characterized by chronic synovial inflammation that can lead to structural damage. The main objective of JIA therapies is to induce disease control to avoid disability in childhood. The advances in therapeutic effectiveness have created a need to search for imaging tools that describe more precisely disease activity in children with JIA. Musculoskeletal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have demonstrated to be more sensitive than clinical examination in early detection of synovitis. These modalities can detect both inflammatory and destructive changes. The unique characteristics of the growing skeleton and a scarce validation of imaging in children result in important challenges in evaluating paediatric population. This review describes indications and limitations of these imaging techniques and suggests some advices for a rational use in the management of JIA in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paz Collado
- Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, C/Corazón de María 55, 2ºA, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clara Malattia
- Pediatria 2-Reumatologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; University of Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nahle IS, Hamam MS, Masrouha KZ, Afeiche NE, Abdelnoor J. Back pain: A puzzle in children. J Paediatr Child Health 2016; 52:802-8. [PMID: 27535879 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Back pain in children is underdiagnosed and increases incidence in adolescence. A systematic approach can diagnose the most common causes: trauma, structural deformities, inflammatory diseases, infection and malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad S Nahle
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed S Hamam
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karim Z Masrouha
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim E Afeiche
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Johnny Abdelnoor
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El Assar de la Fuente S, Angenete O, Jellestad S, Tzaribachev N, Koos B, Rosendahl K. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the temporomandibular joint: A comprehensive review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:597-607. [PMID: 26924432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease of childhood and represents a series of chronic inflammatory arthritides of unknown cause. Involvement of the temporomandibular joint has been reported in up to 87% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis when based on magnetic tomography imaging; it can be asymptomatic and may lead to severe long term complications. In this review a summary of the contemporary literature of imaging of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis will be provided, including ultrasound which is a valuable method for guided joint injections, but does not necessarily allow detection of acute inflammation, cone beam computed tomography, which has emerged as a feasible and accurate low-dose alternative as compared to conventional computed tomography to detect destructive change, and magnetic resonance imaging which is considered the method of choice for assessing acute, inflammatory change, although the lack of normative standards remains a challenge in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - O Angenete
- Department of Radiology, St Olav University Hospital, Norway
| | - S Jellestad
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - N Tzaribachev
- Pediatric Rheumatology Research Institute, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - B Koos
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - K Rosendahl
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Medicine K1, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Avenarius DFM, Ording Müller LS, Rosendahl K. Erosion or normal variant? 4-year MRI follow-up of the wrists in healthy children. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:322-30. [PMID: 26637316 PMCID: PMC4767868 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of healthy children have wrist changes on MRI, namely carpal depressions, findings that have been described as pathological in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. OBJECTIVE We performed follow-up imaging in a cohort of healthy children to evaluate carpal surface depressions over time, focusing on the presence of overlying cartilage as a potential discriminator between normal variants and true erosions. MATERIALS AND METHODS 74 of the initial cohort of 89 healthy children (83%) had a re-scan of their wrists using the same protocol, including coronal T1 and fat-saturated T2 sequences. A cartilage-selective sequence was added for this study. We registered number and location of bony depressions and presence of overlying cartilage. RESULTS The total number of carpal depressions increased by age group and over time; their location was unchanged in 370 of 487 (76%) carpal sites and 91 of 117 (78%) metacarpal sites. In total, 426 of the 1,087 (39.2%) bony depressions were covered by cartilage, with a decreasing percentage by age (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Normal appearances during growth, such as bony depressions, should not be mistaken for pathology. There must be additional findings to support a diagnosis of disease. A cartilage sequence may add to the diagnostic image analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derk F. M. Avenarius
- />Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway , />Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Karen Rosendahl
- />Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway , />Department of Clinical Medicine K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, Nusman CM, Schonenberg-Meinema D, van Rossum MAJ, Dolman KM, van den Berg JM, Maas M. Contrast-enhanced MRI features in the early diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:3222-9. [PMID: 26002127 PMCID: PMC4595524 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether clinical, laboratory or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) measures differentiate Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) from other forms of active childhood arthritis. Materials and methods We prospectively collected data of 80 treatment-naïve patients clinically suspected of JIA with active non-infectious arthritis of (at least) one knee for <12 months duration. Upon presentation patients underwent clinical and laboratory assessments and contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI was not used as a diagnostic criterion. Results Forty-four (55 %) patients were clinically diagnosed with JIA, whereas in 36 (45 %) patients the diagnosis of JIA was discarded on clinical or laboratory findings. MRI-based synovitis was present in 27 (61.4 %) JIA patients and in 7 (19.4 %) non-JIA patients (P < 0.001). Five factors (male gender, physician’s global assessment of overall disease activity, joints with limited range of motion, HLA-B27, MRI-based synovitis) were associated with the onset of JIA. In multivariate analysis MRI-based synovitis proved to be independently associated with JIA (OR 6.58, 95 % CI 2.36-18.33). In patients with MRI-based synovitis, the RR of having JIA was 3.16 (95 % CI 1.6-6.4). Conclusions The presence of MRI-based synovitis is associated with the clinical onset of JIA. Physical examination could be supported by MRI, particularly to contribute in the early differentiation of different forms of non-infectious childhood arthritis. Key points • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a diagnosis of exclusion. • Differentiating JIA and other forms of childhood arthritis can be difficult. • MRI-techniques have substantially improved evaluation of joint abnormalities in JIA patients. • MRI-based synovitis is significantly associated with the clinical onset of JIA. • MRI could support physical examination in the early differentiation of childhood arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M Nusman
- Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion A J van Rossum
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Reade, Dr. Jan van Breemenstraat 2, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koert M Dolman
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Reade, Dr. Jan van Breemenstraat 2, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Lucas Andreas Hospital, Jan Tooropstraat 164, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Merlijn van den Berg
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Reade, Dr. Jan van Breemenstraat 2, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gill KG, Nemeth BA, Davis KW. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pediatric Knee. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2014; 22:743-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
31
|
La articulación temporomandibular en la artritis idiopática juvenil: lo que el radiólogo debe buscar en la resonancia magnética. RADIOLOGIA 2014; 56:440-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
Golini J, Jones WL. Kre-Celazine(®) as a viable treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis - a pilot study. J Med Food 2014; 17:1022-6. [PMID: 24896807 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether an oral, non-prescription, nutritional supplement compound composed of a proprietary alkali-buffered creatine monohydrate and cetylated fatty acids mixture (Kre-Celazine(®)) was efficacious in reducing or eliminating refractory pain and inflammation, without untoward effects, in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA), which is also called Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). JRA/JIA is a patho-physiologically complex, chronic childhood autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Numerous studies have unsuccessfully attempted to pinpoint a possible common initiation event. Officially considered an affliction of children below the age of 16 years, an initial diagnosis has been confirmed in infants less than 1 year old, to individuals older then 17 years. In this study, sixteen juveniles, ages 7 through 16 years, experiencing long-standing, unremitting pain and inflammation despite previous use of prescription anti-inflammatory drugs and NSAIDs, were enrolled in a 30-day, open-label clinical study and treated with Kre-Celazine. Efficacy of this nutritional supplement was determined by the juvenile's personal physician and based on observations of the following: (1) significant reduction or elimination of palpable signs of inflammation; (2) renormalization of range of motion; (3) reduction or absence of perceived pain as reported to the physician by the patient; (4) renormalization of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values. In addition, the individual's previous steroid or non-steroidal anti-inflamatory medication(s) were reduced or eliminated in a stepwise progressive fashion during the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Golini
- 1 All American Pharmaceutical and Natural Foods Corporation , Billings, Montana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sheybani EF, Khanna G, White AJ, Demertzis JL. Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multimodality approach. Radiographics 2014; 33:1253-73. [PMID: 24025923 DOI: 10.1148/rg.335125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by synovial inflammation and is the most common rheumatic complaint in children. To facilitate research and treatment, JIA has been further classified on the basis of the number of joints involved, additional symptoms, family history, and serologic findings. Imaging in patients with JIA has historically relied on radiography, which allows the accurate assessment of chronic changes of JIA, including growth disturbances, periostitis, and joint malalignment. However, radiographic findings of active inflammation are nonspecific, and, in the past, clinical evaluation has taken precedence over imaging of acute disease. Recent advances in disease-modifying therapeutic agents that can help prevent long-term disability in patients with JIA have led to greater emphasis on the detection of early joint-centered inflammation that cannot be accurately assessed radiographically and may not be evident clinically. Both contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and Doppler ultrasonography (US) are well suited for this application and are playing an increasingly important role in diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment monitoring, and problem solving. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is the most sensitive technique for the detection of synovitis and is the only modality that can help detect bone marrow edema, both of which indicate active inflammation. US is more sensitive than radiography for the detection of synovial proliferation and effusions and is particularly useful in the evaluation of small peripheral joints. The complexity of the temporomandibular and sacroiliac joints limits the usefulness of radiographic or US evaluation, and contrast-enhanced MR imaging is the preferred modality for evaluation of these structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Sheybani
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lanni S, Martini A, Malattia C. Heading Toward a Modern Imaging Approach in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 16:416. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Wrist and Ankle MRI of Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Identification of Unsuspected Multicompartmental Tenosynovitis and Arthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 202:413-7. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
36
|
Demertzis JL, Kyriakos M, Loomans R, McDonald DJ, Wessell DE. Synovial hemangioma of the hip joint in a pediatric patient. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:107-13. [PMID: 24061493 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-013-1724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hemangiomas of the articular synovium are rare and commonly associated with recurrent joint swelling and painful limitation of motion. The knee joint is the most commonly involved site, with most patients diagnosed in the second to third decade of life. Although over 200 cases have been reported in the English-language medical literature, only three have originated within the hip joint, all of which were in adult patients reported in the surgical literature. We describe a histologically proven synovial hemangioma of the hip joint in a pediatric patient that invaded the femur, acetabulum, and adjacent soft tissues, with a detailed discussion of the differential diagnosis based on the radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Demertzis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, Campus Box 8131, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Madej T. 3D imaging options and ultrasound contrast agents for the ultrasound assessment of pediatric rheumatic patients. J Ultrason 2013; 13:431-7. [PMID: 26674462 PMCID: PMC4579664 DOI: 10.15557/jou.2013.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of 3D imaging in pediatric rheumatology helps to make the assessment of inflammatory changes more objective and to estimate accurately their volume and the actual response to treatment in the course of follow-up examinations. Additional interesting opportunities are opened up by the vascularity analysis with the help of power Doppler and color Doppler in 3D imaging. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations enable a more sensitive assessment of the vascularity of inflamed structures of the locomotor system, and a more accurate analysis of treatment's effect on changes in vascularity, and thereby the inflammation process activity, as compared to the classical options of power and color Doppler. The equipment required, time limitations, as well as the high price in the case of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, contribute to the fact that the 3D analysis of inflammatory changes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations are not routinely applied for pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Madej
- Zakład Diagnostyki Obrazowej, Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny, Lublin, Polska
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cross S, Vaidya S, Fotiadis N. Hemophilic Arthropathy: A Review of Imaging and Staging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2013; 34:516-24. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
39
|
Damasio MB, Horatio LTD, Boavida P, Lambot-Juhan K, Rosendahl K, Tomà P, Muller LSO. Imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): an update with particular emphasis on MRI. Acta Radiol 2013; 54:1015-23. [PMID: 23873885 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113493777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous condition encompassing all forms of chronic arthritis of unknown origin and with onset before 16 years of age. During the last decade new, potent therapeutic agents have become available, underscoring the need for accurate monitoring of therapeutic response on both disease activity and structural damage to the joint. However, so far, treatment efficacy is based on clinical ground only, although clinical parameters are poor markers for disease activity and progression of structural damage. Not so for rheumatoid arthritis patients where the inclusion of radiographic assessment has been required by FDA to test the disease-modifying potential of new anti-rheumatic drugs. In imaging of children with JIA there has been a shift from traditional radiography towards newer techniques such as ultrasound and MRI, however without proper evaluation of their accuracy and validity. We here summarize present knowledge and discuss future challenges in imaging children with JIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Tantum de Horatio
- Department of Radiology, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - P Boavida
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - K Lambot-Juhan
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - K Rosendahl
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Tomà
- Department of Radiology, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - LS Ording Muller
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital North Norway, Troms⊘, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Radiological approach to a child with hip pain. Clin Radiol 2013; 68:1167-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Hemke R, Doria AS, Tzaribachev N, Maas M, van der Heijde DMFM, van Rossum MAJ. Selecting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome measures for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) clinical trials: first report of the MRI in JIA special interest group. J Rheumatol 2013; 41:354-8. [PMID: 24187109 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have substantially improved the evaluation of joint pathologies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Because of the current availability of highly effective antirheumatic therapies and the unique and useful features of MRI, there is a growing need for an accurate and reproducible MRI assessment scoring system for JIA, such as the rheumatoid arthritis MRI Scoring (RAMRIS) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To effectively evaluate the efficacy of treatment in clinical research trials, we need to develop and validate scoring methods to accurately measure joint outcomes, standardize imaging protocols for data acquisition and interpretation, and create imaging atlases to differentiate physiologic and pathologic joint findings in childhood and adolescence. Such a standardized, validated, JIA-MRI scoring method could be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hemke
- From the Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Bad Bramstedt, Germany; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Contrast-enhanced MRI compared with the physical examination in the evaluation of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol 2013; 24:327-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-3036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Artritis idiopática juvenil, peculiaridades de la imagen en la edad pediátrica con especial interés en la resonancia magnética. RADIOLOGIA 2013; 55:373-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
44
|
Magnetic resonance imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Peculiarities of imaging children. RADIOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
MRI of the wrist in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: erosions or normal variants? A prospective case-control study. Pediatr Radiol 2013; 43:785-95. [PMID: 23283407 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-012-2575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bony depressions at the wrist resembling erosions are frequently seen on MRI in healthy children. The accuracy of MRI in detecting early bony destruction is therefore questionable. We compared findings on MRI of the wrist in healthy children and those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to investigate markers for true disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the number and localisation of bony depressions at the wrist in 85 healthy children and 68 children with JIA, ages 5-15 years. The size of the wrist was assessed from a radiograph of the wrist performed on the same day as the MRI. RESULTS No significant difference in the number of bony depressions in the carpal bones was seen between healthy children and children with JIA at any age. Depressions are found in similar locations in the two groups, except for a few sites, where bony depressions were seen exclusively in the JIA group, particularly at the CMC joints. The wrist was significantly smaller in children with JIA (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Using adult scoring systems and standard MR sequences in the assessment of bone destruction in children may lead to overstaging or understaging of disease. At present, standard MRI sequences cannot easily be used for assessment of early signs of erosions in children.
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Kan JH. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and enthesitis-related arthropathies. Pediatr Radiol 2013; 43 Suppl 1:S172-80. [PMID: 23478933 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-012-2586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a spectrum of non-pyogenic inflammatory arthritides affecting children. The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate the imaging spectrum of JIA and the role of radiology in disease diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Herman Kan
- E.B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St., Suite 470, Houston, TX 77030-2399, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Elhai M, Bazeli R, Freire V, Feydy A, Drapé JL, Quartier P, Kahan A, Deslandre C, Wipff J. Radiological peripheral involvement in a cohort of patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis at adulthood. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:520-7. [PMID: 23418383 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiographic damage was recently identified as a feature of poor prognosis in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). However, most radiographic studies did not differentiate pJIA from other subtypes of JIA and little is known about pJIA persisting into adulthood. We describe radiological peripheral involvement in young adults with pJIA compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS All consecutive patients with pJIA followed in a transition program were included. Age, sex, disease duration, and medical or surgical treatment information was collected. Laboratory tests and standard radiographs of the hands and wrists, feet, and hips were analyzed by 2 independent radiologists blinded to the diagnosis. One RA control group (age < 55 yrs), matched for sex and disease duration, was recruited. RESULTS Forty-three patients with pJIA and 59 with RA were included. Radiographs showed hand lesions in 79% of pJIA and 86% of patients with RA, feet lesions in 74% of pJIA and 80% of patients with RA, and hip damage in 35% of pJIA and 17% of patients with RA (p = nonsignificant). Specific to the juvenile forms were lower frequency of proximal interphalangeal joint involvement (51% vs 76%; p = 0.03) and higher risk of bilateral hip damage (86% vs 25%; p < 0.01) than in adult RA. CONCLUSION Structural peripheral damage is as common and as severe in young adults with pJIA as in adults with RA. The main specific feature of pJIA seems to be a high risk of bilateral hip damage. This requires a particular monitoring of pJIA patients with unilateral hip involvement to detect bilateralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Elhai
- Department of Rheumatology A, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hemke R, van Rossum MAJ, van Veenendaal M, Terra MP, Deurloo EE, de Jonge MC, van den Berg JM, Dolman KM, Kuijpers TW, Maas M. Reliability and responsiveness of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for the knee. Eur Radiol 2012; 23:1075-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Limping Child—Ages 0 to 5 Years. J Am Coll Radiol 2012; 9:545-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|