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Xing Z, Pan L, Yu A, Zhang J, Dong C, Chen J, Xing W, He X, Zhang Z. Value of ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging for the evaluation of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 111:1-8. [PMID: 38574980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
To explore the feasibility of ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (ubDWI) in assessment of renal IRI. Thirty-five rabbits were randomized into a control group (n = 7) and a renal IRI group (n = 28). The rabbits in the renal IRI group underwent left renal artery clamping for 60 min. Rabbits underwent axial ubDWI before and at 1, 12, 24, and 48 h after IRI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCst) were calculated from ubDWI with two b-values (b = 0, 1000 s/mm2). Triexponential fits were applied to calculate the pure diffusion coefficients (D), perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (D⁎), and ultra-high ADC (ADCuh). The interobserver reproducibility were evaluated. The repeated measurement analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis was used for statistical analysis. The ADCst, D, and ADCuh values showed good reproducibility. The ADCst, D, and D⁎ values of renal Cortex (CO) and outer medulla (OM) significantly decreased after IRI (all P < 0.05). The ADCuh values significantly increased from pre-IRI to 1 h after IRI (P < 0.05) and significantly declined at 24 h and 48 h after IRI (all P < 0.05). ADCuh was strongly positively correlated with AQP-1 in the renal CO and OM (ρ = 0.643, P < 0.001; ρ = 0.662, P < 0.001, respectively). ubDWI can be used to non-invasively evaluate early renal IRI, ADCuh may be adopted to reflect AQP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Xing
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Anding Yu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinggang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Congsong Dong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, China.
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Zhang Z, Zha T, Jiang Z, Pan L, Liu Y, Dong C, Chen J, Xing W. Using Ultrahigh b -Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Noninvasively Assess Renal Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model of Renal Artery Stenosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023; 47:713-720. [PMID: 37707400 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging with ultrahigh b values ( ub DWI) for the evaluation of renal fibrosis (RF) induced by renal artery stenosis (RAS) in a rabbit model. METHODS Thirty-two rabbits underwent left RAS operation, whereas 8 rabbits received sham surgery. All rabbits underwent ub DWI ( b = 0-4500 s/mm 2 ). The standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC st ), molecular diffusion coefficient ( D ), perfusion fraction ( f ), perfusion-related diffusion coefficient ( D *) and ultrahigh apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC uh ) were longitudinally assessed before operation and at weeks 2, 4, and 6 after operation. The degree of interstitial fibrosis and the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 1 and AQP2 were determined through pathological examination. RESULTS In the stenotic kidney, the ADC st , D , f , and ADC uh values of the renal parenchyma significantly decreased compared with those at baseline (all P < 0.05), whereas the D * values significantly increased after RAS induction ( P < 0.05). The ADC st , D , D *, and f were weakly to moderately correlated with interstitial fibrosis as well as with the expression of AQP1 and AQP2. Furthermore, the ADC uh negatively correlated with interstitial fibrosis ( ρ = -0.782, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with AQP1 and AQP2 expression ( ρ = 0.794, P < 0.001, and ρ = 0.789, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Diffusion-weighted imaging with ultrahigh b values shows the potential for noninvasive assessment of the progression of RF in rabbits with unilateral RAS. The ADC uh derived from ub DWI could reflect the expression of AQPs in RF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingting Zha
- From the Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- From the Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Liang Pan
- From the Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Congsong Dong
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Wei Xing
- From the Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
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Shi L, Yu B, Chen Q, Zheng T, Xing P, Wei D. Heterogeneity evaluation of multi-high b-value apparent diffusion coefficient on cerebral ischemia in MCAO rat. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1048429. [PMID: 36605551 PMCID: PMC9808070 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1048429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess brain damage in a rat model of cerebral ischemia based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data obtained from multi-high b-values and evaluate the relationship between Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression and ADC. Methods Thirty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: (1) sham controls (n = 6) and (2) cerebral ischemia (successful model, n = 19). All rats underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with both standard b-values and multi-high b-values (2,500-4,500 s/mm2) using a 3.0-T device. Standard ADC (ADCst) maps and multi-high b-value ADCs (ADCmh) were calculated, respectively. Aquaporin 4 expression was quantified using Western blot. Relative values of ADCst and ADCmh, AQP4 expression were compared between the sham group and the ischemia group. Correlations between ADC values and AQP4 expression were evaluated. Results At 0.5 h after suture insertion, the value of ADCmh on the lesion was obviously decreased, and there was no difference in lesion volume when compared with ADCst. After reperfusion, besides similar regions where ADCst values decreased, we also found additional large values on ADCmh within the cortex of the ipsilateral side or surrounding the lesion. The lesion evolution of the large value on ADCmh was quite different from other indicators. But the total ADCmh values were still significantly associated with ADCst. The AQP4 protein expression level was appreciably increased after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), but there was no correlation between AQP4 expression either with ADCmh or ADCst. Conclusion We found the large values on ADCmh during the progression of cerebral infarction is varied, but there was no correlation between ADCmh values and AQP4 expression. ADCmh may indicate the heterogeneity of ischemia lesions, but the underlying pathological basis should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Shi
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Department of Radiology, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory for Cerebral Vascular Diseases, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Radiology, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory for Cerebral Vascular Diseases, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory for Cerebral Vascular Diseases, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Tianxiu Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory for Cerebral Vascular Diseases, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Peiqiu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory for Cerebral Vascular Diseases, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Dingtai Wei
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Department of Radiology, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory for Cerebral Vascular Diseases, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Dingtai Wei,
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Deshmukh KP, Rahmani Dabbagh S, Jiang N, Tasoglu S, Yetisen AK. Recent Technological Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Edema. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeya P. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London Imperial College Road, Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koc University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koc University Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer Istanbul 34450 Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Boğaziçi University Istanbul 34684 Turkey
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London Imperial College Road, Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
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DISDIER C, STONESTREET BS. Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1468-1484. [PMID: 32060970 PMCID: PMC7242133 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. The only currently approved therapeutic strategy available to reduce brain injury in the newborn is hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can only be used to treat HI encephalopathy in full-term infants and survivors remain at high risk for a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a result of residual brain injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Inflammation and neurovascular damage are important factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury and represent exciting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we address the role of each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the pathophysiology of HI-related injury in the neonatal brain. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) observed in the early hours after an HI-related event is associated with a response at the basal lamina level, which comprises astrocytes, pericytes, and immune cells, all of which could affect BBB function to further exacerbate parenchymal injury. Future research is required to determine potential drugs that could prevent or attenuate neurovascular damage and/or augment repair. However, some studies have reported beneficial effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin, stem cell therapy, anti-cytokine therapy and metformin in ameliorating several different facets of damage to the NVU after HI-related brain injury in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence DISDIER
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Barbara S STONESTREET
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Wang X, Huang X, Gao Z, Jiang H, Lu X. Vasogenic cerebral edema associated with the disability in activities of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01065. [PMID: 30004190 PMCID: PMC6085924 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop vasogenic cerebral edema, and whether this edema contributes to the COPD-related disability. METHODS Eighteen stable patients with COPD and 17 matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated by voxel-based analysis using DTI-Studio software based on diffusion tensor imaging. COPD-related disability was calculated using activities of daily living (ADL) scale. RESULTS In patients with COPD, ADC increased in the white matter fiber tracts including the bilateral anterior cingulum and posterior corpus callosum and in the white matter fibers connecting the bilateral insular cortices, sub-lobar cortices, and pars triangularis cortices and the left rectus and olfactory gyrus. However, after further controlling for cigarette smoking, the difference in ADC values in the posterior corpus callosum between groups disappeared. Patients with COPD had significantly higher scores in ADL than that in controls. Moreover, ADL scores were positively correlated with the increased regional ADC values. CONCLUSION Vasogenic cerebral edema occurs in patients with COPD. Cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for COPD-related vasogenic edema. Vasogenic cerebral edema may be related to the COPD-related ADL impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuqing Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu F, Zhong X, Zhou Y, Hou Z, Hu H, Liang L, Chen J, Chen Q, Ji X, Shang D. Protective effects of nicorandil against cerebral injury in a swine cardiac arrest model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:37-44. [PMID: 29977355 PMCID: PMC6030868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of nicorandil on cerebral injury following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a swine model of cardiac arrest. CPR was performed on swine following 4 min induced ventricular fibrillation. Surviving animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: A nicorandil group (n=8), a control group (n=8) and a sham group (n=4). The sham group underwent the same surgical procedure to imitate cardiac arrest, but ventricular fibrillation was not induced. When the earliest observable return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was detected, the nicorandil and control groups received injections of nicorandil and saline, respectively. Swine serum was collected at baseline and 5 min, 0.5, 3 and 6 h following ROSC. Serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured using ELISA. Animals were euthanized and brain tissue samples were collected and assessed using light and electron microscopy 6 h following ROSC. The expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) in the brain tissue was measured using western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain tissue were determined using thiobarbituric acid and thiobenzoic acid colorimetric methods, respectively. Serum NSE and S100β were significantly higher in the nicorandil and control groups following CPR, compared with baseline (P<0.05). Additionally, NSE and S100β levels were significantly lower in the nicorandil group compared with the control (P<0.05). Pathological examinations and electron microscopy indicated that nicorandil reduced brain tissue damage. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the nicorandil group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, AQP-4 expression in brain tissue 6 h following ROSC was significantly lower in the nicorandil group compared with the control group (P<0.05). MDA and GSH levels in swine brain tissue decreased and increased, respectively, in the nicorandil group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The results of the present study demonstrate that nicorandil exerts a protective effect against brain injury following cardiac arrest by reducing oxidative damage, inflammatory responses and brain edema post-ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhu
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lining Liang
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Chen
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xianfei Ji
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Deya Shang
- Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Hu YC, Yan LF, Sun Q, Liu ZC, Wang SM, Han Y, Tian Q, Sun YZ, Zheng DD, Wang W, Cui GB. Comparison between ultra-high and conventional mono b-value DWI for preoperative glioma grading. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37884-37895. [PMID: 28039453 PMCID: PMC5514959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the efficacy of ultra-high and conventional mono-b-value DWI for glioma grading, in 109 pathologically confirmed glioma patients, ultra-high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCuh)was calculated using a tri-exponential mode, distributed diffusion coefficients (DDCs) and α values were calculated using a stretched-exponential model, and conventional ADC values were calculated using a mono-exponential model. The efficacy and reliability of parameters for grading gliomas were investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and intra-class correlation (ICC) analyses, respectively. The ADCuh values differed (P < 0.001) between low-grade gliomas (LGGs; 0.436 ×10−3 mm2/sec) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs; 0.285 × 10−3 mm2/sec). DDC, a and various conventional ADC values were smaller in HGGs (all P ≤ 0.001, vs. LGGs). The ADCuh parameter achieved the highest diagnostic efficacy with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.993, 92.9% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity for glioma grading at a cutoff value of 0.362×10−3 mm2/sec. ADCuh measurement appears to be an easy-to-perform technique with good reproducibility (ICC = 0.9391, P < 0.001). The ADCuh value based in a tri-exponential model exhibited greater efficacy and reliability than other DWI parameters, making it a promising technique for glioma grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zheng
- MR Research China, GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Li F, Liu G, Tian X, Quan F, Li B, Feng G, Wang X, Hu Y. A novel scoring system to predict the outcomes of adult patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:343-350. [PMID: 29495903 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1447925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) often incur large costs, but their outcomes are poor. Currently, there is lack of a comprehensive quantitative approach to predict patient prognoses. METHODS A total of 73 adult patients with HIE participated in this prospective, observational study. Clinical assessments, laboratory tests, and electrophysiological examinations were conducted within 3 days after HIE occurred. Logistic regression model was used to identify independent factors associated with patient outcomes. RESULTS After a 6-month follow-up, 44 (61.1%) patients survived, 28 (38.9%) patients died, and one patient was lost to follow-up. The level of blood calcium and lactate, the presence of electroencephalography reactivity, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score were significantly associated with the patient's outcome. Based on the regression coefficients from logistic regression analysis, we constructed a scoring system (CEGL; C: calcium, E: EEG reactivity, G: GCS, L: lactate) to predict the possibility of a patient's death. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91 (P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.87-0.95]) with a specificity of 97.7% and a positive predictive value of 97.4%. CONCLUSION CEGL score can provide clinicians useful information for assessment of patient prognosis within 6 months after HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Quan
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bosong Li
- b Department of communicable disease control , Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Guibo Feng
- c Department of Neurology , Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yida Hu
- a Department of Neurology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Wang XM. Expression Changes in Lactate and Glucose Metabolism and Associated Transporters in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxic-Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Piglets. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:569-576. [PMID: 29326137 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The neonatal brain has active energy metabolism, and glucose oxidation is the major energy source of brain tissue. Lactate is produced by astrocytes and released to neurons. In the central nervous system, lactate is transported between neurons and astrocytes via the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism in neurons and astrocytes in the basal ganglia of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury piglet model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 35 healthy piglets (3-5 days of age; 1.0-1.5 kg) were assigned to a control group (n = 5) or a hypoxic-ischemic model group (n = 30). The hypoxic-ischemic model group was further divided into 6 groups according to the 1H-MR spectroscopy and PET/CT scan times after hypoxia-ischemia (0-2, 2-6, 6-12, 12-24, 24-48, and 48-72 hours; n = 5/group). 1H-MR spectroscopy data were processed with LCModel software. Maximum standard uptake values refer to the maximum standard uptake values for glucose (or FDG). The maximum standard uptake values of the basal ganglia-to-occipital cortex ratio were analyzed. The expression levels of glucose transporters and monocarboxylate transporters were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Lactate levels decreased after an initial increase, with the maximal level occurring around 2-6 hours following hypoxia-ischemia. After hypoxia-ischemia, the maximum standard uptake values of the basal ganglia and basal ganglia/occipital cortex initially increased then decreased, with the maximum occurring at approximately 6-12 hours. The lactate and glucose uptake (basal ganglia/occipital cortex maximum standard uptake values) levels were positively correlated. The expression levels of glucose transporter-1 and glucose transporter-3 were positively correlated with the basal ganglia/occipital cortex. The expression levels of monocarboxylic acid transporter-2 and monocarboxylic acid transporter-4 were positively correlated with lactate content. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that lactate and glucose transporters have a synergistic effect on the energy metabolism of neurons and astrocytes following hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- From the Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - X-M Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Li X, Liu H, Yang Y. Magnesium sulfate attenuates brain edema by lowering AQP4 expression and inhibits glia-mediated neuroinflammation in a rodent model of eclampsia. Behav Brain Res 2017; 364:403-412. [PMID: 29288747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eclampsia is characterized by high morbidity and mortality wordwide. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used frequently as a prophylaxis for eclamptic seizure in clinical settings. However, the underlying mechanism is less studied, we have previously demonstrated that MgSO4 pretreatment decreases eclampsia-like seizure threshold. Here, we further evaluated the hypothesis that MgSO4 exert neuroprotective actions in eclampsia-like rats model by ameliorating neuroinflammation and brain edema. In this study, the eclampsia-like model was established by administering lipopolysaccharide plus pentylenetetrazol in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were given MgSO4 from gestation day14-19. Then, Iba-1 (a marker for microglia) and S100-B (a marker for astrocytes) expression levels in the hippocampus CA3 region were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by Luminex assays. Aquaporin-4 (a transmembrane water channel protein) expression levels in cortex were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Astrocyte and microglia expressions were detected by immunofluorescence, neuronal damage were evaluated by Nissl staining, and changes in neuronal number in the hippocampal CA3 region (CA3) among different groups were detected by neuronal nuclei staining. Our results demonstrated that MgSO4 effectively attenuated astrocyte and microglia activation and promoted the neuronal survival in the CA3. Additionally, MgSO4 significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines response in the CSF, and decreased the expression of AQP-4 protein in the cortex. Collectively, the findings of this study indicated that MgSO4 has a neuroprotective role in eclampsia-like seizure rats through its anti-neuroninflammatory and brain edema-attenuating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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12
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The Applicability of Amide Proton Transfer Imaging in the Nervous System: Focus on Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Neonate. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:797-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Pascalau R, Szabo B. Fibre Dissection and Sectional Study of the Major Porcine Cerebral White Matter Tracts. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:378-390. [PMID: 28677169 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
White matter anatomy is the basis for numerous applications in neurology, neurosurgery and fundamental neuroscience. Although the porcine brain is frequently used as experimental model in these fields of research, the description of its white matter is not as thorough as in the human brain or other species. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the porcine white matter tracts in a complex manner. Two stepwise dissection protocols adapted from human anatomy were performed on six adult pig brain hemispheres prepared according to the Klingler method. Other four hemispheres were sectioned along section planes that were chosen similar to the Talairach coordinate system. As a result, three commissural tracts, seven association tracts and one projection tract were identified: corpus callosum, fornix, commissura rostralis, the short-association tracts, fasciculus longitudinalis superior, fasciculus uncinatus, fasciculus longitudinalis inferior, fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior, cingulum, tractus mamillothalamicus and capsula interna. They were described and illustrated from multiple points of view, focusing on their trajectory, position, dimensions and anatomical relations. All in all, we achieved a three-dimensional understanding of the major tracts. The results are ready to be applied in future imagistic or experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pascalau
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - B Szabo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Dang YX, Shi KN, Wang XM. Early Changes in Glutamate Metabolism and Perfusion in Basal Ganglia following Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Piglets: A Multi-Sequence 3.0T MR Study. Front Physiol 2017; 8:237. [PMID: 28487658 PMCID: PMC5404207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitotoxicity of glutamate metabolism as well as hemodynamic disorders of the brain are both risk factors for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). In the present study, changes in glutamate metabolism in the basal ganglia were detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 0–6, 8–12, 24–30, and 48–60 h after the induction of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in newborn piglets. Meanwhile, correlation analysis was performed by combining the microcirculatory perfusion informations acquired by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) scan to explore their possible interaction mechanism. The results suggested that Glu level in the basal ganglia underwent a “two-phase” change after HI; perfusion fraction f, an IVIM-derived perfusion parameter, was clearly decreased in the early stage after HI, then demonstrated a transient and slight recovery process, and thereafter continued to decrease. The changes in f and Glu level were in a significant negative correlation (r = −0.643, P = 0.001). Our study results revealed that Glu level is closely associated with the microcirculatory perfusion changes in the acute stage of HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xue Dang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Kai-Ning Shi
- Department of Imaging Systems Clinical Science, Philips HealthcareBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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15
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Zheng Y, Wang XM. Measurement of Lactate Content and Amide Proton Transfer Values in the Basal Ganglia of a Neonatal Piglet Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Model Using MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:827-834. [PMID: 28154122 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As amide proton transfer imaging is sensitive to protein content and intracellular pH, it has been widely used in the nervous system, including brain tumors and stroke. This work aimed to measure the lactate content and amide proton transfer values in the basal ganglia of a neonatal piglet hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model by using MR spectroscopy and amide proton transfer imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 58 healthy neonatal piglets (3-5 days after birth; weight, 1-1.5 kg) selected initially, 9 piglets remained in the control group and 43 piglets, in the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury group. Single-section amide proton transfer imaging was performed at the coronal level of the basal ganglia. Amide proton transfer values of the bilateral basal ganglia were measured in all piglets. The ROI of MR spectroscopy imaging was the right basal ganglia, and the postprocessing was completed with LCModel software. RESULTS After hypoxic-ischemic insult, the amide proton transfer values immediately decreased, and at 0-2 hours, they remained at their lowest level. Thereafter, they gradually increased and finally exceeded those of the control group at 48-72 hours. After hypoxic-ischemic insult, the lactate content increased immediately, was maximal at 2-6 hours, and then gradually decreased to the level of the control group. The amide proton transfer values were negatively correlated with lactate content (r = -0.79, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This observation suggests that after hypoxic-ischemic insult, the recovery of pH was faster than that of lactate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- From the Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - X-M Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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16
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Xu LX, Lv Y, Li YH, Ding X, Wang Y, Han X, Liu MH, Sun B, Feng X. Melatonin alleviates brain and peripheral tissue edema in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: the involvement of edema related proteins. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:90. [PMID: 28351378 PMCID: PMC5371222 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated edema may be involved in the pathophysiology following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and melatonin may exhibit neuro-protection against brain insults. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that involve the protective effects of melatonin in the brain and peripheral tissues after HIE. The present study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on multiple organs, and the expression of edema related proteins in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods One hundred ninety-two neonatal rats were randomly divided into three subgroups that underwent a sham surgery or HIBD. After the HIBD or sham-injury, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin or an equal volume vehicle, respectively. We investigated the effects of melatonin on brain, kidney, and colon edema via histological examination and the expression of edema related proteins, including AQP-4, ZO-1 and occludin, via qPCR and western blot. Results Our data indicated (1) Melatonin reduced the histological injury in the brain and peripheral organs induced by HIBD as assessed via H-E staining and transmission electron microscopy. (2) Melatonin alleviated the HIBD-induced cerebral edema characterized by increased brain water content. (3) HIBD induced significant changes of edema related proteins, such as AQP-4, ZO-1 and occludin, and these changes were partially reversed by melatonin treatment. Conclusions These findings provide substantial evidence that melatonin treatment has protective effects on the brain and peripheral organs after HIBD, and the edema related proteins, AQP4, ZO-1, and occludin, may indirectly contribute tothe mechanism of the edema protection by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Department of Neonatology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xing Han
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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17
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Xiong LL, Tan Y, Ma HY, Dai P, Qin YX, Yang RA, Xu YY, Deng Z, Zhao W, Xia QJ, Wang TH, Zhang YH. Administration of SB239063, a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor, alleviates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats associated with AQP4 downregulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hsu Y, Tran M, Linninger AA. Dynamic regulation of aquaporin-4 water channels in neurological disorders. Croat Med J 2016; 56:401-21. [PMID: 26526878 PMCID: PMC4655926 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 water channels play a central role in brain water regulation in neurological disorders. Aquaporin-4 is abundantly expressed at the astroglial endfeet facing the cerebral vasculature and the pial membrane, and both its expression level and subcellular localization significantly influence brain water transport. However, measurements of aquaporin-4 levels in animal models of brain injury often report opposite trends of change at the injury core and the penumbra. Furthermore, aquaporin-4 channels play a beneficial role in brain water clearance in vasogenic edema, but a detrimental role in cytotoxic edema and exacerbate cell swelling. In light of current evidence, we still do not have a complete understanding of the role of aquaporin-4 in brain water transport. In this review, we propose that the regulatory mechanisms of aquaporin-4 at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels jointly regulate water permeability in the short and long time scale after injury. Furthermore, in order to understand why aquaporin-4 channels play opposing roles in cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, we discuss experimental evidence on the dynamically changing osmotic gradients between blood, extracellular space, and the cytosol during the formation of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. We conclude with an emerging picture of the distinct osmotic environments in cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, and propose that the directions of aquaporin-4-mediated water clearance in these two types of edema are distinct. The difference in water clearance pathways may provide an explanation for the conflicting observations of the roles of aquaporin-4 in edema resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas A Linninger
- Andreas Linninger, 851 S Morgan St., SEO 218, MC 063, Chicago, IL 60607, USA,
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19
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Yang C, Liu Z, Li H, Zhai F, Liu J, Bian J. Aquaporin-4 knockdown ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic cerebral edema in newborn piglets. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:182-90. [PMID: 25857369 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the water channel protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays an essential role in water homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of brain edema. This study aimed to understand the physiological role of AQP4 in hypoxia-ischemia-mediated cytotoxic brain edema. We specifically knocked down AQP4 expression by intracerebral injection of a plasmid containing AQP4 siRNA into a neonatal piglet model. The success of the hypoxia-ischemia-induced piglet model was confirmed by conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. AQP4 knockdown led to reduced brain edema accompanied by a higher apparent diffusion coefficient value, compared to the control group injected with a plasmid containing scrambled siRNA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that AQP4 siRNA significantly reduced AQP4 mRNA and protein expression. Finally, neurological function analysis revealed that AQP4 knockdown significantly improved neurobehavioral manifestation of the piglets after exposure to hypoxia-ischemia. Taken together, these results indicate that AQP4 plays an important role in mediating brain edema in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Therefore, AQP4 could be a therapeutic target to ameliorate early-stage brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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Ling X, Huang L, Liu G, Tang W, Li X, Li B, Wu H, Liu S. Prospective evaluation of term neonate brain damage following preceding hypoxic sentinel events using enhanced T₂* weighted angiography (eSWAN). Int J Neurosci 2013; 123:837-46. [PMID: 23742194 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.804820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the brain damage of term neonates with evidence of a preceding hypoxic sentinel event using eSWAN prospectively. METHODS The study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee. Among the neonates who were examined during the first 8 days after birth with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and eSWAN, 39 neonates with a preceding acute hypoxic sentinel event were divided into two groups: the hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) group and the high-risk group. Twenty-five neonates were normal control subjects. Conventional MRI, DWI, and T₂* and R₂* maps from eSWAN were assessed. T₂* and R₂* values from T₂* and R₂* maps were calculated in predefined regions in the HIE and high-risk groups and then compared with those in control subjects. RESULTS The neonates in the HIE and high-risk groups showed a high percentage of cerebral oedema and periventricular white-matter (PWM) lesions. Cerebral oedema and haemorrhagic lesions of PWM were more highly visible on the T₂* map compared with conventional MRI: cerebral oedema was illustrated as a high T₂* area and haemorrhagic lesions had a significantly lower T₂* on the T₂* map. Lower R₂* values of lentiform nuclei (LN) and a higher T₂* and lower R₂* of frontal white matter (FWM) were found in neonates in the HIE group relative to those of normal controls. The T₂* value of LN in the high-risk group was higher than that of the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The T₂* map from eSWAN is useful in detecting cerebral oedema and haemorrhagic lesions of PWM in neonates. The measurement of T₂* and R₂* values is helpful in assessing the LN and FWM damage in neonates following a hypoxic sentinel event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ling
- 1Medical Imaging Center, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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