1
|
Kim HHR, Leschied JR, Lall N, Otero HJ, Kadom N. That's GROSS! Practical steps towards sustainability in pediatric radiology. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:1036-1039. [PMID: 38374438 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H R Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, MA.7.220, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Jessica R Leschied
- Department of Radiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil Lall
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nadja Kadom
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weiler-Wichtl LJ, Fries J, Fohn-Erhold V, Schwarzinger A, Holzer AE, Pletschko T, Furtner-Srajer J, Prayer D, Bär P, Slavc I, Peyrl A, Azizi A, Hansl R, Leiss U. Initial Evidence for Positive Effects of a Psychological Preparation Program for MRI "iMReady" in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type I and Brain Tumors-How to Meet the Patients' Needs Best. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051902. [PMID: 36902689 PMCID: PMC10003409 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide an effective alternative to sedation during MRI examinations in pediatric cancer and NF1 patients, the aims of the present study were to (1) exploratively evaluate a behavioral MRI training program, to (2) investigate potential moderators, as well as to (3) assess the patients' well-being over the course of the intervention. A total of n = 87 patients of the neuro-oncology unit (mean age: 6.83 years) underwent a two-step MRI preparation program, including training inside the scanner, and were recorded using a process-oriented screening. In addition to the retrospective analysis of all data, a subset of 17 patients were also analyzed prospectively. Overall, 80% of the children receiving MRI preparation underwent the MRI scan without sedation, making the success rate almost five times higher than that of a group of 18 children that opted out of the training program. Memory, attentional difficulties, and hyperactivity were significant neuropsychological moderators for successful scanning. The training was associated with favorable psychological well-being. These findings suggest that our MRI preparation could present an alternative to sedation of young patients undergoing MRI examinations as well as a promising tool for improving patients' treatment-related well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Josephine Weiler-Wichtl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-34262
| | - Jonathan Fries
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Fohn-Erhold
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agathe Schwarzinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Elisabeth Holzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Interdisciplinary Follow-Up Clinic for Childhood Cancer Survivors (IONA), Österreichische Gesundheitskasse (ÖGK), 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pletschko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Furtner-Srajer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Bär
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amedeo Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Hansl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Leiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hummel J, Coenen M, Voigt-Blaurock V, Klein C, Jung-Sievers C. ["Child Life Specialist" Interventions in Clinical Pediatric Care: A Systematic Review of the Effects on Mental Health Outcomes of Children and Adolescents]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2023; 85:39-47. [PMID: 34905786 DOI: 10.1055/a-1676-3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Hospital stays can lead to psychological stress in children, which is often not sufficiently addressed in standard care. A new approach is to involve specialized psychosocial professionals, designated as Child Life Specialists (CLS), in clinical care in order to strengthen the child's perspective, to cushion burdens through targeted interventions and to promote the well-being of the patients. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of CLS interventions on fear, pain and stress of children in a clinical context. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the databases Medline, Embase and PsycINFO. The results are presented in tabular and graphical form. RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed to investigate the effects of CLS interventions in 459 children aged 0-15 years. Significant improvement in each of the outcome criteria was reported in at least one study. All studies were expected to have a medium to high risk of bias. CONCLUSION The included RCTs report positive effects of CLS interventions on outcome variables of mental health of children in the clinical setting. Due to the small number of studies and their heterogeneity and quality, further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hummel
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland.,Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland.,Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland.,Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Varinka Voigt-Blaurock
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland.,Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Lehrstuhl für Public Health und Versorgungsforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lukas M, Avery G, Burns-Nader S, Goldstein E, Schmitz A. Exploring child life specialists’ perspective on the role and benefits of child life in pediatric sexual assault forensic examinations. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2022.2079511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Lukas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Gracie Avery
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Sherwood Burns-Nader
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Emily Goldstein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Anna Schmitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu L, Herrington J, Cahill K, Risacher S, Gee MS. Strategies to optimize a pediatric magnetic resonance imaging service. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:152-157. [PMID: 33856504 PMCID: PMC8047568 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pediatric MRI service is a vital component of a successful radiology department. Building an efficient and effective pediatric MRI service is a multifaceted process that requires detailed planning for considerations related to finance, operations, quality and safety, and process improvement. These are compounded by the unique challenges of caring for pediatric patients, particularly in the setting of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to material resources, a successful pediatric MRI service depends on a collaborative team consisting of radiologists, physicists, technologists, nurses and vendor specialists, among others, to identify and resolve challenges and to strive for continued improvement. This article provides an overview of the factors involved in both starting and optimizing a pediatric MRI service, including commonly encountered obstacles and some proposed solutions to address them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Ellison 237, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Jeremy Herrington
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Ellison 237, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Kellie Cahill
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Ellison 237, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Seretha Risacher
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Ellison 237, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Michael S. Gee
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Ellison 237, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sobey J, Tsai MH, Evans RE. An update on pediatric sedation techniques in nonoperating room locations. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021; 34:449-454. [PMID: 34039846 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review advancements in care for pediatric patients in nonoperating room settings. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in patient monitoring technology, utilization of Child Life specialists, and alternative staffing models are helping anesthesia providers meet the rising demand for coverage of pediatric nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) cases. The Wake Up Safe and Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium registries are exploring outcome measures regarding the safety of pediatric anesthesia in off-site locations and have reported an increased risk for severe respiratory and cardiac adverse events when compared to OR anesthesia sites. Additionally, malpractice claims for NORA have a higher proportion of claims for death than claims in operating rooms. SUMMARY Pediatric NORA requires thorough preparation, flexibility, and vigilance to provide safe anesthesia care to children in remote locations. Emerging techniques to reduce anesthetic exposure, improve monitoring, and alternative staffing models are expanding the boundaries of pediatric NORA to provide a safer, more satisfying experience for diagnostic and interventional procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Sobey
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mitchell H Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation (by courtesy), and Surgery (by courtesy), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont
| | - Rebecca E Evans
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dillman JR, Gee MS, Ward CG, Drum ET, States LJ. Imaging sedation and anesthesia practice patterns in pediatric radiology departments - a survey of the Society of Chiefs of Radiology at Children's Hospitals (SCORCH). Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1497-1502. [PMID: 33606058 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-04996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few data describing practice patterns related to the use of sedation/anesthesia for diagnostic imaging in pediatric radiology departments. OBJECTIVE To understand current practice patterns related to imaging with sedation/anesthesia in pediatric radiology departments based on a survey of the Society of Chiefs of Radiology at Children's Hospitals (SCORCH) in conjunction with the American College of Radiology's Pediatric Imaging Sedation and Anesthesia Committee. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-question survey related to imaging with sedation/anesthesia in pediatric radiology departments was distributed to SCORCH member institutions in January 2019. A single reminder email was sent. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 84 pediatric radiology departments, 23 (27%) completed the survey. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents self-identified as academic/university-affiliated and 13% as a division/section in an adult radiology department. Imaging sedation (excluding general anesthesia) is commonly performed by pediatric anesthesiologists (76%) and intensive care unit physicians (intensivists, 48%); only 14% of departments expect their pediatric radiologists to supervise imaging sedation. Ninety-six percent of departments use child life specialists for patient preparation. Seventy percent of departments have preparatory resources available on a website, including simulation videos (26%) and audio clips (17%). Nearly half (48%) of the departments have a mock scanner to aid in patient preparation. Imaging sedation/anesthesia is most often scheduled at the request of ordering clinicians (65%), while 57% of departments allow schedulers to place patients into imaging sedation/anesthesia slots based on specified criteria. CONCLUSION Imaging sedation/anesthesia practice patterns vary among pediatric radiology departments, and understanding current approaches can help with standardization and practice improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Dillman
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.
| | - Michael S Gee
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher G Ward
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Drum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J States
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gentle Touch: Noninvasive Approaches to Improve Patient Comfort and Cooperation for Pediatric Imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 29:187-195. [PMID: 32541256 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric imaging presents unique challenges related to patient anxiety, cooperation, and safety. Techniques to reduce anxiety and patient motion in adults must often be augmented in pediatrics, because it is always mentioned in the field of pediatrics, children are not miniature adults. This article will review methods that can be considered to improve patient experience and cooperation in imaging studies. Such techniques can range from modifications to the scanner suite, different ways of preparing and interacting with children, collaborating with parents for improved patient care, and technical advances such as accelerated acquisition and motion correction to reduce artifact. Special considerations for specific populations including transgender patients, neonates, and pregnant women undergoing fetal imaging will be described. The unique risks of sedation in children will also be briefly reviewed.
Collapse
|
9
|
The role of child life in pediatric radiology. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1509-1513. [PMID: 32935242 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric radiology departments rely heavily on a dedicated, efficient and collaborative multi-disciplinary health care team to provide efficient service and quality care to patients and families. Certified child life specialists are an essential part of this multi-disciplinary team. The main goal of the child life specialists is to improve the overall experience for patients and families. In addition, child life specialists, working in collaboration with the medical care team, help decrease the need for general anesthesia by providing patient pain management, distraction and coping techniques. These interventions result in improved patient safety, increased departmental efficiency and increased revenue. The role of child life specialists extends into the exam room, where their interventions help decrease procedure times and improve imaging quality. In this article, the authors discuss the key role of child life specialists in a pediatric radiology department and provide examples of how child life can impact patient safety, patient and family satisfaction, and operational efficiency.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND. MRI use and the need for monitored anesthesia care (MAC) in children have increased. However, MAC is associated with examination delays, increased cost, and safety concerns. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rate of nonsedated neuroradiologic MRI studies in children 1-7 years old and to investigate factors associated with success. METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed data from our institutional nonsedated MRI program. Inclusion criteria were outpatient nonsedated MRI referral, age 1-7 years old, and neuroradiologic indication. Exclusion criteria were MRI examinations for ventricular checks and contrast material use. Success was determined by reviewing the clinical MRI report. We recorded patient age and sex, type of MRI examination (brain, spine, craniospinal, head and neck, and brain with MRA), protocol length, presence of child life specialist, video goggle use, and MRI appointment time (routine daytime appointment or evening appointment). We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient demographics and clinical data and logistic regression models to evaluate predictors of success in the entire sample. Subset analyses were performed for children from 1 to < 3 years old and 3 to 7 years old. RESULTS. We analyzed 217 patients who underwent nonsedated MRI examinations (median age, 5.1 years). Overall success rate was 82.0% (n = 178). The success rates were 81.4% (n = 127) for brain, 90.3% (n = 28) for spine, 71.4% (n = 10) for craniospinal, 66.7% (n = 6) for head and neck, and 100% (n = 7) for brain with MRA. Age was significantly associated with success (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; p = .009). In children 1 to < 3 years old, none of the factors analyzed were significant predictors of success (all, p > .48). In children 3-7 years old, protocol duration (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; p = .02) and video goggle use (OR, 6.38; 95% CI, 2.16-18.84; p = .001) were significantly associated with success. CONCLUSION. A multidisciplinary approach with age-appropriate resources enables a high success rate for nonsedated neuroradiologic MRI in children 1-7 years old. CLINICAL IMPACT. Using age as the primary criterion to determine the need for MAC may lead to overuse of these services. Dissemination of information regarding nonsedated MRI practice could reduce the rate of sedated MRI in young children.
Collapse
|
11
|
Afacan O, Hoge WS, Wallace TE, Gholipour A, Kurugol S, Warfield SK. Simultaneous Motion and Distortion Correction Using Dual-Echo Diffusion-Weighted MRI. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:276-285. [PMID: 32374453 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Geometric distortions resulting from large pose changes reduce the accuracy of motion measurements and interfere with the ability to generate artifact-free information. Our goal is to develop an algorithm and pulse sequence to enable motion-compensated, geometric distortion compensated diffusion-weighted MRI, and to evaluate its efficacy in correcting for the field inhomogeneity and position changes, induced by large and frequent head motions. METHODS Dual echo planar imaging (EPI) with a blip-reversed phase encoding distortion correction technique was evaluated in five volunteers in two separate experiments and compared with static field map distortion correction. In the first experiment, dual-echo EPI images were acquired in two head positions designed to induce a large field inhomogeneity change. A field map and a distortion-free structural image were acquired at each position to assess the ability of dual-echo EPI to generate reliable field maps and enable geometric distortion correction in both positions. In the second experiment, volunteers were asked to move to multiple random positions during a diffusion scan. Images were reconstructed using the dual-echo correction and a slice-to-volume registration (SVR) registration algorithm. The accuracy of SVR motion estimates was compared to externally measured ground truth motion parameters. RESULTS Our results show that dual-echo EPI can produce slice-level field maps with comparable quality to field maps generated by the reference gold standard method. We also show that slice-level distortion correction improves the accuracy of SVR algorithms as slices acquired at different orientations have different levels of distortion, which can create errors in the registration process. CONCLUSIONS Dual-echo acquisitions with blip-reversed phase encoding can be used to generate slice-level distortion-free images, which is critical for motion-robust slice to volume registration. The distortion corrected images not only result in better motion estimates, but they also enable a more accurate final diffusion image reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Afacan
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - W Scott Hoge
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tess E Wallace
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ali Gholipour
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sila Kurugol
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|