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Ye Y, Li W, Wang G, Zhan L, Lin J, Li T, Zhang J. Identification of a novel COL10A1: c.1952 G>T variant in a family with Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and development of a noninvasive prenatal testing method. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1758. [PMID: 34423584 PMCID: PMC8580095 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The collagen alpha‐1(X) chain gene (COL10A1) is a known causative gene for Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD). This study clinically examined a Chinese family (n = 42) for SMCD and inheritance pattern. Fifteen individuals were diagnosed with SMCD based on characteristic skeletal phenotypes with autosomal dominant inheritance mode. Methods Four clinically diagnosed patients and three healthy relatives were selected for subsequent genetic tests. Trio‐whole exome sequencing (Trio‐WES) followed by Sanger sequencing and familial co‐segregation analysis were performed to identify SMCD‐associated variants. Results COL10A1 (NM_000493.4):c.1952 G>T(p.Trp651Leu) variant was detected only in the four patients and not in the three healthy relatives. The variant was evaluated as “likely pathogenic” according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics variation classification guidelines with evidence of PM2, PM5, PP1, and PP3. To test the presence of the target variant in proband's fetal offspring, we developed a noninvasive prenatal testing method by extracting cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma followed by high‐depth sequencing. The variant was also detected in the fetus and later confirmed by amniocentesis. Conclusion We identified a new disease‐causing variant in COL10A1. Cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal peripheral blood can be used as the rapid and noninvasive prenatal diagnostic method to detect the pathogenic/or likely pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchou Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longsheng Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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de França M, de Faria Soares MDF, Luce ALP, Perrone E. Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: an example of radiology guidance to molecular diagnosis. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:2554-2556. [PMID: 33082897 PMCID: PMC7553887 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is a rare genetic cause of skeletal dysplasia. Patients usually present skeletal abnormalities but no major visceral malformations or intellectual disability. We report a case of a 2-year-old male patient with short stature, progressive genu varum, and waddling gait. Radiographic findings were essential to guide investigation and molecular confirmation, allowing proper treatment and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de França
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Pilla Luce
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Perrone
- Department of Medical Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Schmid Type Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia with a Novel COL10A1 Mutation. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86:183-185. [PMID: 30209734 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) is a rare skeletal dysplasia, characterized by short stature, short limbs, bowing of the legs, and radiographic features of metaphyseal irregularities with fraying and splaying, more severe at the knee. It is caused by mutations of the COL10A1 gene. The authors present an Indian patient with a novel COL10A1 gene mutation.
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Wang Y, Lu S, Xiong J, Singh K, Hui Y, Zhao C, Brodsky AS, Yang D, Jolly G, Ouseph M, Schorl C, DeLellis RA, Resnick MB. ColXα1 is a stromal component that colocalizes with elastin in the breast tumor extracellular matrix. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 5:40-52. [PMID: 30207088 PMCID: PMC6317058 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment regulates tissue development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to neoplastic progression. Increased expression of type X collagen α‐1 (ColXα1) in tumor‐associated stroma correlates with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancers. Evaluation of ColXα1 expression patterns suggests a potential connection with elastin fibers. To investigate the possible interaction between ColXα1 and elastin, we evaluated the expression of ColXα1 in relation to elastin fibers in normal breast tissue, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive breast carcinomas at cellular and subcellular levels. Our findings demonstrate that ColXα1 colocalizes with elastin in invasive breast cancer‐associated stroma by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. In 212 invasive breast carcinomas, this complex was aberrantly and selectively expressed in tumor extracellular matrix in 79% of ER+/HER2−, 80% of ER+/HER2+, 76% of ER−/HER2+, and 58% of triple negative breast cancers. In contrast, ColXα1 was generally absent, while elastin was present perivascularly in normal breast tissue. ColXα1 and elastin were coexpressed in 58% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in periductal areas. In mass‐forming DCIS with desmoplastic stroma, the complex was intensely expressed in periductal areas as well as within the tumor‐associated stroma in all cases. Our data suggest that the breast carcinoma neoplastic process may involve aberrant expression of ColXα1 and elastin in the tumor microenvironment emerging early at the DCIS stage. Enrichment of these complexes in tumor‐associated stroma may represent a stromal signature indicative of intrinsic differences between breast cancers. These findings shed light on investigation into the role of aberrant collagen complex expression in tumorigenesis and tumor progression which may be leveraged in therapeutic and theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jinjun Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yiang Hui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander S Brodsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Grant Jolly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Madhu Ouseph
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christoph Schorl
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald A DeLellis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Murray B Resnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Al Kaissi A, Ghachem MB, Nabil NM, Kenis V, Melchenko E, Morenko E, Grill F, Ganger R, Kircher SG. Schmid's Type of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia: Diagnosis and Management. Orthop Surg 2018; 10:241-246. [PMID: 30027601 DOI: 10.1111/os.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are several types of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and various clinical types have been differentiated. The Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is the most common. Diffuse metaphyseal flaring, irregularity, and growth plate widening, which are most severe in the knees, are the most striking radiological features of this disease. The Schmid type of metaphyseal dysostosis is characterized by failure of normal mineralization of the zone of provisional calcification, leading to widened physes and enlarged knobby metaphyses, effectively causing shortening of the tubular bones, splaying of the metaphyses, coxa vara, and bow legs. Orthopaedic interventions were primarily performed on the lower extremities. METHODS Twelve children (seven girls and five boys) aged 7-10 years were enrolled in this study. Moderate short stature was a uniform feature associated with predominant involvement of the proximal femora and bow legs resulted in the development of angular deformities. A waddling gait was a consequence of coxa vara in eight children. Valgus osteotomy of the proximal femur was planned after physeal closure for the group of children with coxa vara. Hemiepiphysiodesis was performed to re-align the genu varum in three children. RESULTS Other forms of metaphyseal dysostosis were ruled based on full clinical and radiographic phenotypes, with confirmation through molecular pathology. Mutations in the COL10A1 gene located on chromosome 6q21-q22.3 were confirmed. Re-alignment was accomplished in our group of patients. CONCLUSION The most striking clinical features of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia which appear within the first 2-3 years of life are: moderate short limbs and short stature, a waddling gait, and increasing shortness of stature with age. The Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is a disorder that arises from defective type X collagen, which is typically found in the hypertrophic zone of the physes. Moderate short stature and a waddling gait associated with pain are the most common clinical presentations. Osteotomies to correct bow legs are sometimes combined with lengthening procedures. Recurrence of the deformities with growth is not uncommon; therefore, hemiepiphysiodesis or stapling might be indicated in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria.,Paediatric Department, Orthopaedic Hospital of Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maher B Ghachem
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Children Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nesseb M Nabil
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Children Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vladimir Kenis
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuroorthopaedics and Systemic Disorders, Pediatric Orthopedic Institute n.a. H. Turner, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugene Melchenko
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuroorthopaedics and Systemic Disorders, Pediatric Orthopedic Institute n.a. H. Turner, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekatrina Morenko
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuroorthopaedics and Systemic Disorders, Pediatric Orthopedic Institute n.a. H. Turner, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Franz Grill
- Paediatric Department, Orthopaedic Hospital of Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Ganger
- Paediatric Department, Orthopaedic Hospital of Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne G Kircher
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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6
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Khorasani E, Vakili R. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Schmid Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia in a Child. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 41:64-6. [PMID: 26722148 PMCID: PMC4691273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of hereditary diseases, which are autosomal recessive. CAH occurs due to defect in one of the cortisol coding genes and often clinically presents itself with signs of androgen overproduction. In this article, we report a case of CAH and Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia. Our literature review indicated that this report is the first attempt on CYP11B1 and Schmid dysplasia in a child. The specific diagnosis of 11-β-hydroxylase deficiency can be determined using high basal levels of deoxycorticosterone and/or 11-deoxycortisol serums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efat Khorasani
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Correspondence: Efat Khorasani, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Tel: +98 915 1130199 Fax: +98 51 38521124
| | - Rahim Vakili
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia as the result of a collagen type X defect due to a novel COL10A1 nonsense mutation: A case report of a novel COL10A1 mutation. J Orthop Sci 2011; 16:245-9. [PMID: 21360259 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-011-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Abstract
The skeletal dysplasias (osteochondrodysplasias) are a heterogeneous group of more than 350 disorders frequently associated with orthopedic complications and varying degrees of dwarfism or short stature. These disorders are diagnosed based on radiographic, clinical, and molecular criteria. The molecular mechanisms have been elucidated in many of these disorders providing for improved clinical diagnosis and reproductive choices for affected individuals and their families. An increasing variety of medical and surgical treatment options can be offered to affected individuals to try to improve their quality of life and lifespan.
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9
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Turell M, Morrison S, Traboulsi EI. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2010; 31:12-7. [PMID: 20141353 DOI: 10.3109/13816810903397812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report on the clinical ophthalmologic and radiographic findings in spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy. BACKGROUND The spondylometaphyseal dysplasias are a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities of the spine and the metaphyses of long bones. In rare instances, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia can occur concomitantly with ocular abnormalities including a retinal degeneration of the cone-rod dystrophy type. METHODS Retrospective review of affected twin females with serial radiographic imaging, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, fundus photography, and electroretinography. RESULTS The major radiographic findings involved bony abnormalities of the spine, metaphyses of the long bones and a distinctive shape to the bony pelvis. Both twins had a fine nystagmus that was present by 10 months of age. Dilated ocular fundus examination revealed similar appearing bilateral, large, excavated, well-circumscribed oval areas of chorioretinal atrophy occupying the macula between the aracades. Electroretinography showed a significant reduction in the photopic responses and slight reduction in the scotopic component of the waveforms consistent with cone-rod dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy is a rare congenital disorder of unknown inheritance pattern and pathophysiolgy. The ocular manifestations appear to stabilize in early adolescence whereas the skeletal abnormalities are progressive with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Turell
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Alves C, Sobral MM, Ney-Oliveira F. Metaphyseal condrodysplasia, Schmid-type, a differential diagnosis with rickets. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2010; 23:331-2. [PMID: 20583537 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2010.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cresio Alves
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Faculty ofMedicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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11
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Rajpar MH, McDermott B, Kung L, Eardley R, Knowles L, Heeran M, Thornton DJ, Wilson R, Bateman JF, Poulsom R, Arvan P, Kadler KE, Briggs MD, Boot-Handford RP. Targeted induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress induces cartilage pathology. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000691. [PMID: 19834559 PMCID: PMC2757901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologies caused by mutations in extracellular matrix proteins are generally considered to result from the synthesis of extracellular matrices that are defective. Mutations in type X collagen cause metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS), a disorder characterised by dwarfism and an expanded growth plate hypertrophic zone. We generated a knock-in mouse model of an MCDS-causing mutation (COL10A1 p.Asn617Lys) to investigate pathogenic mechanisms linking genotype and phenotype. Mice expressing the collagen X mutation had shortened limbs and an expanded hypertrophic zone. Chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone exhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and a robust unfolded protein response (UPR) due to intracellular retention of mutant protein. Hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and osteoclast recruitment were significantly reduced indicating that the hypertrophic zone was expanded due to a decreased rate of VEGF-mediated vascular invasion of the growth plate. To test directly the role of ER stress and UPR in generating the MCDS phenotype, we produced transgenic mouse lines that used the collagen X promoter to drive expression of an ER stress-inducing protein (the cog mutant of thyroglobulin) in hypertrophic chondrocytes. The hypertrophic chondrocytes in this mouse exhibited ER stress with a characteristic UPR response. In addition, the hypertrophic zone was expanded, gene expression patterns were disrupted, osteoclast recruitment to the vascular invasion front was reduced, and long bone growth decreased. Our data demonstrate that triggering ER stress per se in hypertrophic chondrocytes is sufficient to induce the essential features of the cartilage pathology associated with MCDS and confirm that ER stress is a central pathogenic factor in the disease mechanism. These findings support the contention that ER stress may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of many connective tissue disorders associated with the expression of mutant extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Helen Rajpar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben McDermott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Kung
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Eardley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynette Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mel Heeran
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Thornton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wilson
- Musculoskeletal Disorders Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John F. Bateman
- Musculoskeletal Disorders Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Poulsom
- Histopathology Unit, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond P. Boot-Handford
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bateman JF, Wilson R, Freddi S, Lamandé SR, Savarirayan R. Mutations of COL10A1 in Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Hum Mutat 2006; 25:525-34. [PMID: 15880705 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) is a dominantly inherited cartilage disorder caused by mutations in the gene for the hypertrophic cartilage extracellular matrix structural protein, collagen X (COL10A1). Thirty heterozygous mutations have been described, about equally divided into two mutation types, missense mutations, and mutations that introduce premature termination signals. The COL10A1 mutations are clustered (33/36) in the 3' region of exon 3, which codes for the C-terminal NC1 trimerization domain. The effect of COL10A1 missense mutations have been examined by in vitro expression and assembly assays and cell transfection studies, which suggest that a common consequence is the disruption of collagen X trimerization and secretion, with consequent intracellular degradation. The effect of COL10A1 nonsense mutations in cartilage tissue has been examined in two patients, demonstrating that the mutant mRNA is completely removed by nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Thus for both classes of mutations, functional haploinsufficiency is the most probable cause of the clinical phenotype in SMCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bateman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Mäkitie O, Susic M, Ward L, Barclay C, Glorieux FH, Cole WG. Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and COL10A1 mutations--findings in 10 patients. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137A:241-8. [PMID: 16088909 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodyplasia (MCDS) is characterized by short stature, widened growth plates, and bowing of the long bones. It results from autosomal dominant mutations of COL10A1, the gene which encodes alpha1(X) chains of type X collagen. We report the clinical and radiographic findings in 10 patients with MCDS and COL10A1 mutations. Six patients had lower limb deformities, which necessitated orthopedic surgeries in all of them. One patient demonstrated no deformities and normal stature at age 11 years (height -1.2 SDS) while the others manifested severe short stature (<-3.5 SDS). Radiographs showed metaphyseal changes which were most pronounced at the hips and knees. Five of the identified 10 mutations in COL10A1 were novel. Six mutations resulted in truncation of the NC1 domain while four mutations were single amino-acid substitutions. Our findings suggest that COL10A1 mutations result in a uniform pattern of growth plate abnormalities. However, the clinical variability in severity among affected individuals is greater than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Mäkitie
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Elliott AM, Field FM, Rimoin DL, Lachman RS. Hand involvement in Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 132A:191-3. [PMID: 15578582 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (Schmid MCD, MIM 156500) is caused by mutations in the COL10A1 gene and is clinically characterized by short stature, bowed legs, and a waddling gait. Radiographic findings include anterior cupping, sclerosis and splaying of the ribs, diffuse metaphyseal flaring, and irregularity that is most pronounced at the knees, coxa vara, and femoral bowing. We reviewed the radiographs of Schmid MCD patients at the International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry in Los Angeles for evidence of hand involvement. We found hand involvement in 47% (7/15) of cases included in our analysis. These changes were subtle and consisted of shortening of the tubular bones and metaphyseal cupping of the proximal phalanges and metacarpals. Mild hand involvement is a common feature of Schmid MCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Elliott
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Savarirayan R, White SM, Goodman FR, Graham JM, Delatycki MB, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL, Everman DB, Warman ML. Broad phenotypic spectrum caused by an identical heterozygous CDMP-1 mutation in three unrelated families. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 117A:136-42. [PMID: 12567410 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CDMP-1, a cartilage-specific member of the TGFss superfamily of secreted signaling molecules, plays a key role in chondrogenesis, growth and patterning of the developing vertebrate skeleton. Homozygous CDMP-1 mutations cause Hunter-Thompson and Grebe types of acromesomelic chondrodysplasia and DuPan syndrome in humans, as well as brachypodism in mice, while heterozygous mutations cause brachydactyly type C (BDC). We present clinical and radiographic data from three unrelated families in which 12 members share the same heterozygous CDMP-1 mutation, an insertion (insG206), resulting in a frameshift predicted to cause functional haploinsufficiency. Although eight mutation carriers display BDC, four have normal hands and feet, confirming nonpenetrance of BDC with CDMP-1 mutations. In addition, several carriers have other skeletal abnormalities, including severe bilateral vertical talus (in two), developmental hip dysplasia (in one), and short stature (in two, who are otherwise unaffected). Premature vertebral end-plate disease was observed in four mutation carriers and was associated with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in three of these. Axial skeletal involvement has not been previously reported in association with CDMP-1 mutations. This finding is consistent with CDMP-1 expression in human hypertrophic chondrocytes, which are present in the ring epiphyses of vertebral end plates. Phenotypic variation in BDC has previously been attributed either to locus heterogeneity or to the varied functional effects of different CDMP-1 mutations. The remarkable range of phenotypes caused by this identical CDMP-1 mutation in these families emphasizes the crucial role of genetic background, stochastic variation and/or environmental factors in modifying the observed phenotype. Our findings illustrate that nonpenetrance for the typical features of BDC can be appreciable and that atypical skeletal features that have been reported in some patients with BDC (i.e., clubfoot, short stature, spondylolysis) may also result from CDMP-1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Savarirayan
- Genetic Health Services Victoria, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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Verloes A, Lepage P, Baumann C, Maroteaux P, Merrer ML. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, east-African type: a new form of early, severe SMD with rounded vertebrae. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 113:362-6. [PMID: 12457408 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.10738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMD) are a heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias characterized by vertebral and metaphyseal changes of various severities. We report two unrelated patients of east African origin with a skeletal disorder consisting of 1) severe metaphyseal dysplasia of early onset, sparing hand bones, with bracket-shaped metaphyses; 2) dysplastic pelvis with irregular iliac rim; and 3) oval-shaped vertebral bodies. Contrasting with most types of SMD, the spinal dysplasia is limited to mild changes in the vertebral body shape that tend to soften with time, whereas the iliac rims have a striking lacy appearance. Except for the most common types (Kozlowski type and Schmidt type), most of the literature on SMD deals with single case reports, without longitudinal data, for which molecular definition is still lacking and classification remains unclear. These two patients could belongs to the A4 group in the classification of Maroteaux and Spranger [1991: Pediatr Radiol 2l:293-297], and illustrate the difficulties of a clinical classification of SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Verloes
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
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A dominant interference collagen X mutation disrupts hypertrophic chondrocyte pericellular matrix and glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan distribution in transgenic mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 159:2257-69. [PMID: 11733375 PMCID: PMC1850580 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collagen X transgenic (Tg) mice displayed skeleto-hematopoietic defects in tissues derived by endochondral skeletogenesis.(1) Here we demonstrate that co-expression of the transgene product containing truncated chicken collagen X with full-length mouse collagen X in a cell-free translation system yielded chicken-mouse hybrid trimers and truncated chicken homotrimers; this indicated that the mutant could assemble with endogenous collagen X and thus had potential for dominant interference. Moreover, species-specific collagen X antibodies co-localized the transgene product with endogenous collagen X to hypertrophic cartilage in growth plates and ossification centers; proliferative chondrocytes also stained diffusely. Electron microscopy revealed a disrupted hexagonal lattice network in the hypertrophic chondrocyte pericellular matrix in Tg growth plates, as well as altered mineral deposition. Ruthenium hexamine trichloride-positive aggregates, likely glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycans (PGs), were also dispersed throughout the chondro-osseous junction. These defects likely resulted from transgene co-localization and dominant interference with endogenous collagen X. Moreover, altered GAG/PG distribution in growth plates of both collagen X Tg and null mice was confirmed by a paucity of staining for hyaluronan and heparan sulfate PG. A provocative hypothesis links the disruption of the collagen X pericellular network and GAG/PG decompartmentalization to the potential locus for hematopoietic failure in the collagen X mice.
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